从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神 1.docx
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从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神 1.docx
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从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神1
从《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》与《水浒传》
比较分析西方骑士精神与中国侠义精神
学生姓名:
李娜
学生学号:
201285014185
院(系):
外国语言文学系
年级专业:
2012级英语本科17
指导教师:
耿秀萍
AComparativeStudyofWesternKnightSpiritandChineseChivalry
——ViewedfromTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandHeroesoftheMarshes
SchoolofForeignLanguagesandCultures
BaojiUniversityofArtandScience
Janurary2016
Contents
AbstractI
KeywordsI
Introduction1
Ⅰ.TheSpiritCoreofTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandHeroesoftheMarshesRespectively2
A.ABriefIntroductionandanAnalysisofWesternKnightSpiritinTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnight2
B.ABriefIntroductionandAnalysisofChineseChivalryinHeroesoftheMarshes3
Ⅱ.TheSocialQualificationsfortheEmergenceoftheTwoSpirits4
A.TheHistoricalConditionsfortheAppearanceandExistenceoftheKnightSpirit4
B.TheHistoricalConditionsfortheAppearanceandExistenceoftheChineseChivalry6
Ⅲ.TheSimilaritiesandDifferencesbetweentheTwoSpirits7
A.SimilaritiesandDifferencesofTheirEmergenceConditions7
B.SimilaritiesandDifferencesofTheirContents8
C.SimilaritiesandDifferencesoftheSocialStatusofWesternKnightandChineseKnight-errant10
IV.TheEffectsoftheWesternKnightSpiritandChineseChivalry.10
Conclusion12
Acknowledgements13
Bibliography14
Abstract
ChinesechivalryisoneofthemostimportantelementsoftraditionalChineseculture;ithasalonghistoryinChina.AndWesternknightspiritwhichhasmuchthesameasChinesechivalryisalsofloweringinWesternhistory.ThesetwoculturalspiritshaveshowedthemselvesintwoveryimportantworksnamedTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandHeroesoftheMarshes.
SirGawainwhowasabraveandhonestknightwasarepresentativeoftheknightheroesinthe14thcentury;hewastheembodimentofthelord’sprotector.Whilethe108heroesofthemarsheswhocamefromundergroundpeoplefightagainstthoselordsandprotectedcommonpeople’sinterests,theyarealsocalledChineseknight-errants.Differentregionsandclassesmaygivebirthtodifferentcultures,andspecialculturescanbefoundinparticularhistoricalstages.Inthispaper,thesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheChinesechivalryandtheWesternknightspiritareanalyzedfromtheirdifferentspiritcores.AndthehistoricalconditionsfortheappearanceandexistenceoftheWesternknightspiritandtheChinesechivalryandtheeffectsofthetwospiritsarealsointroduced.
Theanalysisofthetwomasterpieceswillhavesomehelptoabetterunderstandingofthesetwopreciousspiritcultures.
Keywords
Westernknightspirit;Chinesechivalry;spiritcore;culture
Introduction
IntheMiddleAges,therewasagroupofwarriorsintheWestandtheEastrespectively.Theywereallgenerous,brave,honest,andwillingtohelpothers.TheywereChineseknight-errantswhorepresentedtheorientchivalryandWesternknightswhorepresentedtheWesternknightspirit.
ChinesechivalrywhichhaslonghistoryinChinaisanimportantelementoftraditionalChineseculture,andWesternknightspiritwhichhasmuchthesameasChinesechivalryisalsofloweringintheMiddleAges.ThesetwoculturalspiritshaveshowedthemselvesintwoveryimportantworksnamedTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightwhichisknownasamasterpieceoftheEuropeanromanticverseandHeroesoftheMarsheswhichisoneofthe“FourMasterpiece”inChina.
BoththeChineseknight-errantsandWesternknightshavethespiritsasgenerosity,braveness,honesty,andaggressivity.However,sincetheyhavedifferenthistoricalandsocialbackgrounds,theyhavemanydifferencesinvariousaspects.
Inthispaper,thesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheChinesechivalryandtheWesternknightspiritareanalyzedfromtheaspectoftheirdifferentspiritcores.ThecomparisonbetweentheknightspiritandChinesechivalryillustratestheuniquenessoftheWesternandtheEasterncultures.Thebasicreasonswhytheyaredifferentarethattheyarederivedfromdifferenteconomicandpoliticalsystems.Thesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthetwospiritsinaspectsoftheiremergenceconditions,contentsandsocialstatusworthfurtherstudyandresearch.
Inthepaper,thehistoricalconditionsfortheappearanceandexistenceoftheWesternknightspiritandtheChinesechivalry,theirsimilaritiesanddifferencesandalsotheeffectsofthetwospiritsareintroduced.
Thispaperwillbehelpfultoabetterunderstandingofthesetwopreciousspiritcultures.
Ⅰ.TheSpiritCoreofTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightandHeroesoftheMarshesRespectively
A.ABriefIntroductionandanAnalysisofWesternKnightSpiritinTheSirGawainandtheGreenKnight
TheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightisamasterpieceoftheEnglishromanticverse.Ithas2529lineswiththeauthorunknown;ithasbeenfinishedinthe14thcentury(ZhangBoxiang4).Thestoryisasfollows:
onaChristmasEve,whenthekingArthurheldabanquetinhispalace,agreenknightcameandsaidthatwhethertherewassomeonewhodaredtocuthisheadandaccepthisrevengeayearlater.SirGawainrosetothechallengeandcutthegreenknight’shead;thestill-livedbodypickedhisheadupandreturnedhisgreenpalace.Oneyearlater,whenSirGawainsearchedforthegreenknightashadpromised,hestayedinacastle.ThehostessofthecastleseducedSirGawainwhenherhusbandwasout,butSirGawaindidnotgiveresponsetoher.Finally,SirGawainleftthecastleforthegreenpalaceledbyaguide.Tohissurprise,thegreenknightwasthehostofthecastle,heattackedSirGawainthreetimes,butthefirsttwodidnothurtSirGawainandthelastoneonlyleftasmallscaronSirGawain’sneck.Thegreenknightexplainedtohim:
thefirsttwoempty-attacksweretherewardforhisintegrityandthelastoneisthepunishmentforhisacceptingthehostess’spresent—agirdle.AfterreturningtothekingArthur’spalace,SirGawaintoldtheothershisexperience,alltheotherknightsconsideredhimasaheroandregardedthegirdlewhichwasgivenbythehostessasasymbolofchastityandholiness.
TheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightbelongstothelegendsoftheKingAuthurandhisround-tableknights.Becauseofitshugeexpressiveforce,itreflectstheidealofthechivalryandbecomesthekerneloftheMiddleAges’aristocratfeudalism.Therefore,itrepresentsthehighestachievementoftheEnglishverseintheMiddleAges.TheexperienceoftheknightSirGawainreflectstheideaofnationalism.Insteadofthetraditionalimageoftheknight,itincludessomeirontotheknightintheversewhichshowsusthesproutofthehumanismintheRenaissancetosomedegree.
TheSirGawainandtheGreenKnightisagreatworkwhichdoesnotonlydescribethearistocratlifebutalsogiveshighpraiseoftheknight’sbraveness,pudicity,honesty,andsenseofhonor.Inthe14thcenturywhenthefeudalismwasdecliningthisstorywaswrittentoreaffirmtheidealofthechivalry.Thespiritcoreoftheknightisasfollows:
tobeloyaltomonarch,toprotectthechurch,andtohelpthosewhoneedtheirhelp.TheknightshouldnotonlybeloyaltotheChristianitybutalsoprotectthecountry,thecastlesandthosehostessesandlord-ladies.Allthesecharactersmakeupoftheso-calledchivalry.
B.ABriefIntroductionandanAnalysisofChineseChivalryinHeroesoftheMarshes
HeroesoftheMarsheswhichiswrittenbyShiNai’anisoneofthe“FourMasterpieces”inChina;itisaboutanuprisingwhichhappenedintheendoftheNorthernSongDynasty.Becauseofthecorruptionofthegovernment,SongJiangledthepeasantsfightagainstthegovernmentandbecametheleaderinLiangShan.Thestoryofthe108LiangShanheroesisknowntoallChinesepeople;ittellsaboutthereasonandprocessofthe108heroes’goingtoLiangShanandthebeginning,processandendingoftheuprising,aftermanyhardbattleswiththegovernmentarmy,the108heroesfinallysurrendered.Althoughtheuprisingwasfailed,thecharmwhichhadbeenshowedinHeroesoftheMarshesbecamethechivalryspiritofthose"outlaws".AllthebehaviorsoftheheroesshowthechivalryspiritoftraditionalChinesefolkculture.
InHeroesoftheMarsheswecanfindsomekindoffolkcolorwhichisaveryimportantpartoftraditionalChinesefolkculture.AlltheheroesinthemarshessuchasSongJiang,LiKuiandCaiJinhaveasenseofobligation;theyarewillingtohelpotherswithnocareofreturn,andtheyarealwaysreadytodieforthebenefitofthemajority.Itissaidthatbawcockisapersonwhostricttoprinciple,alwaysreadytohelpothers,andhelpthosewhoneedhishelp.
TheworshiptothechivalryspiritinHeroesoftheMarshesreflectsthecommonpeople'spsychology.Theyhatedthecorruptionandthedarkgovernment;theythoughtitwasjustifiedtothose"outlaws"torobtherichandthosegovernmentofficials.HeroesinLiangShanareallfromcommonpeople,theyarerepresentativesoftheaverage.Theyhatethosedignitariesanddarkgovernment;whattheywantistobuildanewworldwherethereisnooppressionorexploitation.
Ⅱ.TheSocialQualificationsfortheEmergenceoftheTwoSpirits
A.TheHistoricalConditionsfortheAppearanceandExistenceoftheKnightSpirit
TheoriginoftheknightspiritisthebarbarismoftheNorthernGermannation.Beforetheimmigrationofthenorthernnations,therewereonlysomeincompacttribeunionsinwhichthedemocracywasverypopular.Barbarismhasitsdarksideaswellassomemerits,suchasrudeness,impartiality,religiousness,goodness,andsoon.So,bothrudenessandpurenesscanbefoundinaRom
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