高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元质量评估新人教版必修3.docx
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高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元质量评估新人教版必修3.docx
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高中英语Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars单元质量评估新人教版必修3
单元质量评估(四)
时间:
100分钟 分数:
120分
第一部分 阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
A
InJuly1994Jupiter,thelargestplanetinoursolarsystem,wasstruckby21piecesofacomet(彗星).Whenthefragments(碎片)landedinthesouthernpartofthegrandplanet,theexplosionswerewatchedbyscientistshereonEarth.Butwhatifourownplanetwashitbyacomet?
Theyearis2094.Ithadbeenannouncedthatacometisheadingtowardstheearth.Mostofitwillmissourplanet,buttwofragmentswillprobablyhitthesouthernpartoftheearth.Thenewshascausedpanic.
On17July,afragmentfourkilometreswideenterstheEarth'satmospherewithahugeexplosion.Abouthalfofthefragmentisdestroyed.ButthemajorpartsurvivesandhitstheSouthAtlanticat200timesthespeedofsound.Theseaboilsandanenormouswaveiscreatedandspreads.ThewallofwaterrushestowardssouthernAfricaat800kilometresanhour.CitiesontheAfricancoastaretotallydestroyedandmillionsofpeoplearedrowned.ThewavemovesintotheIndianOceanandheadstowardsAsia.
Millionsofpeoplearealreadydeadinthesouthernpartoftheearth,butthenorthwon'tescapeforlong.Tonsofbrokenpiecesarethrownintotheatmospherebytheexplosion.Asthesunis
hiddenbycloudsofdust,temperaturesaroundtheworldfalltoalmostzero.Cropsareruined.Warsbreakoutascountriesfightforfood.Ayearlatercivilizationhascollapsed.Nomorethan10millionpeoplehavesurvived.
Coulditreallyhappen?
Ithasalreadyhappenedmore
thanonceinthehistoryoftheearth.ThedinosaurswereontheEarthforover160millionyears.Then65millionyearsagotheysuddenlydisappeared.ManyscientistsbelievethattheEarthwashitbyasp
acefragment.Thedinosaurscouldn'tsurviveinthecoldclimatethatfollowedandtheybecameextinct.Willwemeetthesameend?
【语篇解读】 作者通过一段幻想的灾难和恐龙已经绝迹的事实来警示人类。
1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor'sdescriptionofthedisasterin2094?
A.Thewholeworldbecomesextremelycold.
B.AllthecoastalcitiesinAfricaaredestroyed.
C.Thewholemankindbecomesextinct.
D.Thevisitofthecometresultsinwars.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三自然段的描述可知,A、B、D均符合本文所假想的事实,只有C不符。
文中“Nomorethan10millionpeoplehavesurvived”一句意为“只有1000万人幸存下来”,而C项说全人类都灭绝了。
显然与文章不符。
题干要求找出不对的选项。
答案:
C
2.Whydoestheauthormentiondinosaursattheendofthepassage?
A.Becausetheycouldonlyliveinthewarmclimate.
B.Becausetheyoncedominatedtheearth.
C.Becausetheirextinctionindicatesfuturedisasters.
D.Becausedinosaursandhumansneverliveinthesameage.
解析:
推理判断题。
第三段中,作者描述假想的人类灾难,最后一段提到生活在地球上的恐龙在6500万年前突然消失(即灭绝),许多科学家相信地球曾受到过外空星体碎片的袭击,故而导致恐龙绝种。
由此暗示人类未来的灾难。
答案:
C
3.Inwritingthepassage,theauthorintendsto________.
A.giveanaccuratedescriptionofthepossibledisaster
inthefuture
B.provethathumanswillsoonerorlaterbedestroyed
C.t
ellthehistoricaldevelopmentoftheearth
D.warnofapossibledisasterinthefuture
解析:
观点态度题。
本题要求考生推测作者意图。
作者通过一段幻想的灾难和一段地球历史上出现过的恐龙绝迹的事实以及科学家们分析恐龙绝迹的原因,来警示人类未来可能发生的灾难。
答案:
D
4.Itcanbeconcludedthatthepassageismostprobablypartofa(n)________.
A.horrorstory B.newsreport
C.researchpaperD.articleofpopularscience
解析:
推理判断题。
根据全文大意,又根据文章的性质,可判定D为最佳选项。
A、B、C均不太妥当。
答案:
D
B
Satellitesareanimportantpartofourordinarylives.Forexample,theinformationforweatherforecastsissentbysatellite.SomesatelliteshavecameraswhichtakephotographsoftheEarthtoshowhowcloudsaremoving.Satellitesarealsousedtoconnectourinternationalphonecalls.
ComputerconnectionsoftheWorldWideWebandInternetalsousesatellites.ManyofourTVprogrammescometousthroughsatellites.Airplanepilotsalsosometimesuseasatellitetohelpthemfindtheirexactlocation.
Weusesatellitestosendtelevisionpicturesfromonepartoftheworldtoanother.Theyareusually35,880kilometresabovetheequator.Sometimeswecanseeasatelliteintheskyanditseemstostayinthesameplace.Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11,000kilometresanhour—exactlythesamespeedthattheearthrotates.AsatellitemustorbittheEarthwithitsantennae(天线)facingtheearth.Sometimes,itmovesawayfromitsorbit.Sotherearelittlerocketsonitwhichareusedtoputthesatellitebackintherightposition.Thisusuallyhappensabouteveryfiveorsixdays.
Spaceisnotempty!
Everyweek,moreandmoresatellitesaresentintospacetoorbittheEarth.Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10—12years.SatelliteswhicharebrokenaresometimesrepairedbyastronautsorsometimesbroughtbacktoEarthtoberepaired.Often,veryoldorbrokensatellitesareleftinspacetoorbittheEarthforaverylongtime.Thisisveryseriousbecausesomesatellitesusenuclearpowerandtheycancrashintoeachother.
【语篇解读】 文章介绍了卫星的作用,和卫星在太空运行的情况。
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdonebysatellitesaccordingtothepassage?
A.Sendinginformationforweatherforecast.
B.TakingphotographsoftheEarth.
C.SendingTVpictures.
D.Providingfoodforairplanepilots.
解析:
细节理解题。
从第一段可知,A、B项的内容都是卫星的功能,从第三段可知,卫星还可以发送电视画面,而D项内容文中并未提及。
答案:
D
6.What'sthespeedtheearthrotatesat?
A.35,880kilometresperhour.
B.335,880kilometresperhour.
C.11,000kilometresperhour.
D.110,000kilometresperhour.
解析:
细节理解题。
从第三段的“Thisisbecauseitismovingaroundtheworldat11,000kilometresanhour—exactlythesamespeedthattheearthrotates.”可知C项为正确答案。
答案:
C
7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inthe3rdparagraphreferto?
A.Asatellite.
B.Alittlerocket.
C.Asatelliteseemstostayinthesameplaceinthesky.
D.Thesatelliteputstherocketsintherightposition.
解析:
词义猜测题。
上一句话的意思是:
有时候我们看到天空中的卫星好像待在同一个地方,这是因为……,故本题答案为C。
答案:
C
8.Whichistrueofsatellites?
A.Asatelliteusuallyworksforabout10—12years.
B.Everytimeasatellitegetsbroken,itisbroughtbacktotheEarthtoberepaired.
C.Abrokensatelliteisneverleftinspace.
D.Theyoftencrashintoeachother.
解析:
细节理解题。
从最后一段的第三句话可知A项正确。
答案:
A
C
ItwasthefirsttimethatBennyhadtravelledonhisown.Ashestoodwithhisluggageatthecheck-infortheflighttoSingapore,hefeltverynervous.
“You'llbefine,”saidhisdad.“Nothingeverhappensonflightsnowadays!
”
Soonitwastimetoboardtheaircraft.Bennyquicklyfoundhisseatandsettleddownnexttoanoldlady.TheystartedchattingandtheladytoldhimthathernamewasMrsPang,andthatshewasonherwaytoLondontovisitherson.
Astheaircraftrusheddowntherunway,BennycouldseethatMrsPangwasholdingontothechairinfrontofher,andthatshehadhereyesshuttight.Althoughhefeltratheranxioushimself,hesaid,“Don'tworry,MrsPang!
Nothingeverhappensonflightsnowadays!
”SoontheplanewasupintheskyandBennyandhisneighbourwereenjoyingtheirdrinksandthemealswhichthecabincrew(乘务人员)broughtround.
Suddenly,theplanebegantorockfromsidetoside.Themealtrays(托盘)slidaroundonthelittletablesandthe“Fastenseatbelts”signcameon.Thepilottoldeveryonethattheymuststayintheirseats.
MrsPangwasholdingontosomethingagain—onlythistimeitwasBenny'shandthatshewasholding!
“Don'tworry,MrsPang,”Bennybegantosay.Butthenhestopped.Whatcouldhesay?
Hejustpattedherhandandtriedtolookconfident.
Ittooksometimebeforetheplanegotbacktogoodweatherbutfinallythepassengersweretoldthateverythingwasbacktonormal.BennystartedtowatchafilmandMrsPangseemedtogotosleep.
Suddenly,theplanerolledandwithoutanywarning,droppeddown.Manypeoplecriedoutastheirbelongingsfelltotheground.MrsPangalsogaveascreamandheldBennytightlyagain—thistimewithtwohands!
Buttheplanekeptgoing.Thepilotannouncedthatitwasjustanairpocket(气穴)andtherewasnodanger.
AstheylandedatSingaporeairport,MrsPangturnedtoBennyandsaid,“Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp,Benny.Nowpleasetellmewhatyousaidatfirst.”
“Don'tworry!
Nothingeverhappensonflightsnowadays!
”laughedBenny.
【语篇解读】 本文讲述了本尼第一次独自坐飞机旅行的奇特经历。
9.WhywasBennynervousatthecheck-in?
A.Itwashisfirstflight.
B.Hehadtoomuchluggage.
C.Hehadnevertravelledalonebefore.
D.Hedidn'twanttogotoSingapore.
解析:
细节理解题。
由第一段第一句话“ItwasthefirsttimethatBennyhadtravelledonhisown.”可知,本尼感到紧张是因为这是他第一次独自旅行。
答案:
C
10.HowdidMrsPangfeelthroughouttheflight?
A.Excited.B.Worried.
C.Surprised.D.Thankful.
解析:
推理判断题。
由全文的介绍,特别是第四段的“MrsPangwasholdingontothechairinfrontofher,andthatshehadhereyesshuttight.”以及第六段的“MrsPangwasholdingontosomethingagain”以及第九段的“MrsPangalsogaveascreamandheldBennytightlyagain”来看,MrsPang在整个旅程中都很紧张。
答案:
B
11.WhydidBennystopspeakingtoMrsPangwhentheplanerocked?
A.Hedidn'twanttotalktoher.
B.Hewastootiredandfellasleep.
C.Shewastoobusyholdingtheseat.
D.Hecouldn'ttellherthatnothinghadhappened.
解析:
推理判断题。
由第七段“Hejustpattedherhandandtriedtolookconfident.”可推知。
答案:
D
12.WhydidBennylaughintheend?
A.Heknewthatwhathesaidwasuntrueoftheirflight.
B.HethoughtwhatMrsPangdidwasfunny.
C.Hewashappyt
obeinSingapore.
D.Theirflightwasgreatfun.
解析:
推理判断题。
由全文故事可知,本尼笑是因为他知道他说的话是不真实的。
答案:
A
D
Thejourneytothemoonhasbeenthefirststeptowardsfutureexplorationinspace.ThedistancebetweentheMoonandEarthisveryshortindeedwhencomparedwiththedistancesbetweenEarthandtheotherplanets.Mars,thenearestplanettoEarthismillionsofmilesaway!
Travellingtotheplanetswillbeman'snextaim.Suchtravelswillbemorechallengingthanthetriptothemoonandcertainlymoreadventurous.
Recently,twoAmericanspaceships,Vikings1and2,landedonMarstryingto
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