高考英语321精品系列专项19阅读理解新闻报告类学生版.docx
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高考英语321精品系列专项19阅读理解新闻报告类学生版.docx
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高考英语321精品系列专项19阅读理解新闻报告类学生版
2019高考英语3-2-1精品系列专项19阅读理解——新闻报告类(学生版)
【考点定位】2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布
时事新闻类阅读材料在近年高考中屡屡涉及。
这类材料往往语言地道,内容时新。
【一】材料特点
广告类阅读题的五大特点
1.材料特点:
大家知道,刊登广告是要钱的,为了节省费用,人们在拟写广告时往往都希望用最少的篇幅表现最大量的信息,这就决定了广告类材料通常具有以下特点:
信息量大,用词简练,形式灵活。
2.内容特点:
综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题,其中广告类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息,如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。
3.形式特点:
做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告内容,并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。
为了达到这一目的,人们在设计广告时往往会做到:
标题醒目,重点突出,条理清楚。
4.用词特点:
广告类阅读材料的用词有以下“三多”特点:
一是人名、地名、专有名词多;二是生词多;三是缩略词、省略句多。
的选材中占有很大的比重命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力,所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。
【考点pk】名师考点透析
考点【一】细节事实理解。
1.直接事实题
在解答这类问题时要求学生抓住题干文字信息,采用针对性方法进行阅读,因为这类题的答案在文章中可以直接找到。
如:
AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU.S.Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver.
ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon.Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad,whichisonthetopofthedam.Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside.Theelevatorgoesdownforty-fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom.ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco.Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears.
ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936.LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates.HooverDam,oneofthehighestdamsintheworld,issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada.
Q:
HooverDamlies______.
A.betweenArizonaandNevada
B.intheBlackCanyon
C.betweenNewYorkandSanFrancisco
D.bothAandB
【解析】由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是D项。
2.间接事实题
解答此类题,需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进行简单的计算。
“It’sreallyahardjobforme.Iwon’tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore.Anyhow,Iamquitelucky.IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle.Thistime,inShanghai,I’dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience,”saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile.
Q:
WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.LuoLinisanativeofShanghai.
B.LuoLinmovedtoHongkongwithherparents.
C.LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991.
D.AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia.
【解析】A、C和D项都可在原文找到答案,而B项原文所给的是:
takentoHongkong可判断不是movedtoHongkongwithherparents,因此选B。
考点【二】主题理解或写作意图推断。
【一】主旨阅读理解题考查的内容
1.短文的标题〔title,headline〕;
2.短文或段落的主题〔subject〕;
3.中心思想(mainidea);
4.作者的写作目的(purpose)。
【二】此类题的设问方式
1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
2.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphmainlydiscuss?
3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
4.Themainpurposeofannouncingtheaboveeventsis__________.
考点【三】推理推断。
推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理,推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。
这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力,属于深层理解题。
此类题的设问常常包括infer,imply,suggest,conclude等词,这类题的设问方式主要有:
1.WecaninferfromthePassagethat__________.
2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthePassage?
3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthePassage?
4.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that__________.
5.Theauthorsuggestsinthisparagraphthat__________.
6.Thewriterimpliesthat__________.
7.Itcanbeinferredthat__________.
8.ItcanbeconcludedfromthePassagethat__________.
9.Onthewhole,wecanconcludethat__________.
10.Fromthetextwecanconcludethat__________.
11.AfterreadingthePassagewemayconcludethat__________.
12.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromthePassage?
13.Theauthorisinclinedtothinkthat__________.
14.Whenthewritertalksabout,whathereallymeansisthat__________.
15.What’sthewriter’sattitude/feelingtowards...?
16.Inthewriter’sopinion,...
近年来,高
考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查。
判断推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上,作出一定判断和推论,从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。
推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话,也可能是某几句话,但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据,既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理,也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。
做题时要注意题干的语言形,如Accordingtothepassage...,Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat...;Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat...等,虽然从表面上看是问有关全文的题,但实际上不用看全篇,仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话,然后得出答案。
针对推理题的不同形,可以采取以下做法:
1.假如题干中有具体线索,根据具体线索找到原文相关句(一句或几句话),然后做出推理;2.假如题干中无线索,如Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat...;Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat...等,先浏览一下4个选项,排除不太可能的选项,然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句,作出推理;3.如果一篇文章中其他题都未涉及文章主旨,那么推理题,如infer,conclude题型,可能与文章主旨有关,考生应该定位到文章主题所在位置(如主题句出现处);假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨,那么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关,如果如此,应该找段落主题所在处;如果不与段落主题有关,有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关,这时可以寻找与这些结论相关的原文表达。
4.Theword“...”isclosestinmeaningto...猜词是应用英语的重要能力,也是高考中常用的题型。
它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量,掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。
我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词、语法、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、上下文等线索确定词义。
1.定义法。
如:
Annealingisawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.
句子给予annealing以明确的定义,即“退火”。
Itwillbeveryhardbutalsoverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.
从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle是“脆”的意思。
Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.
定语从句中looksaftersheep就说明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。
2.同位法。
如:
Theytraveledalongwayandatlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.
同位语部分alargebuildinginoldtimes给出了castle的确切词义,即“城堡”。
Weareonthenightshift—frommidnightto8a.m.—thisweek.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地说明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。
3.对比法。
如:
Sheisusuallypromptforallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.
but一词表转折,因此but前后的意思正相反。
后半句的意思是“她今天第一节上了一半才来”,因此反向推理,可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
【三年高考】【三年高考】10、11、12高考试题及其解析
2018高考英语试题
新闻报道类
[2018·天津卷]
C
Thepracticeofstudentsendlesslycopyinglettersandsentencesfromablackboardisathingofthepast.Withthecomingofnewtechnologieslikecomputersandsmartphones,writingbyhandhasbecomesomethingofanostalgic(怀旧的)skill.However,whiletoday'seducatorsareusingmoreandmoretechnologyintheirteaching,manybelievebasichandwritingskillsarestillnecessaryforstudentstobesuccessful—bothinschoolandinlife.
VirginiaBerninger,professorofeducationalpsychologyattheUniversityofWashington,saysit'simportanttocontinueteachinghandwritingandhelpchildrenacquiretheskillofwritingbyhand.
Berningerandhercolleaguesconductedastudythatlookedattheabilityofstudentstocompletevariouswritingtasks-bothonacomputerandbyhand.Thestudy,publishedin2017,foundthatwhenwritingwithapenandpaper,participantswrotelongeressaysandmorecompletesentencesandhadafasterwordproductionrate.
Inamorerecentstudy,Berningerlookedatwhatrolespellingplaysinastudent'swritingskillsandfoundthathowwellchildrenspellistiedtohowwelltheycanwrite.“Spellingmakessomeofthethinkingpartsofthebrainactive,whichhelpsusaccessourvocabulary,wordmeaningandconcepts.Itisallowingourwrittenlanguagetoconnectwithideas.”Berningersaid.
Spellinghelpsstudentstranslateideasintowordsintheirmindfirstandthentotranscribe(转换)“thosewordsinthemindintowrittensymbolsonpaperorkeyboardandscreen,”thestudysaid.Seeingthewordsinthe“mind's_eye”helpschildrennotonlytoturntheirideasintowords,saysBerninger,butalsotospot(发现)spellingmistakeswhentheywritethewordsdownandtocorrectthemovertime.
“Inourcomputerage,somepeoplebelievethatwedon'thavetoteachspellingbecausewehavespellchecks,”shesaid.“Butuntilachildhasafunctionalspellingabilityofaboutafifthgradelevel,theywon'thavetheknowledgetochoosethecorrectspellingamongtheoptionsgivenbythecomputer.”
48.Whichofthefollowingbestshowstheroleofspelling?
A.Spellingimprovesone'smemoryofwords.
B.Spellingabilityiscloselyrelatedtowritingability.
C.Spellingbenefitsthetranslationfromwordsintoideas.
D.Spellingslowsdownfindingexactwordstoexpressideas.
49.Whatdoes“mind'seye”inParagraph5mean?
A.Window.
B.Soul.
C.Picture.
D.Imagination.
50.Whatconclusioncouldbedrawnfromthepassage?
A.Computerscanhelppeoplewiththeirchoiceofwords.
B.Spellcheckscantaketheplaceofspellingteaching.
C.Handwritingstillhasaplaceintoday'sclassrooms.
D.Functionalspellingabilitydevelopsfastinthefifthgrade.
[2018·四川卷]
D
Inarecentannouncement,HarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)saidthattheyhavejoinedforcestoofferfreeonlinecoursesinanefforttoattractmillionsofonlinelearnersworldwide.
Beginningthisfall,anumberofcoursesdevelopedbyteachersatbothuniversitieswillbeofferedonlinethroughanew$60millionprogram,knownasedX.“AnyonewithanInternetconnectionanywhereintheworldcanuseouronlinecourses,”HarvardPresidentDrewFaustsaidduringameetingtoannouncetheplan.
“Fasten_your_seatbelts,”Hockfieldsaid.
Otheruniversities,includingStanford,YaleandCarnegieMellon,havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline.
TheHarvardMITprogramwillbemonitoredbyanotforprofit(非盈利的)organizationbasedinCambridge,tobeownedequallybythetwouniversities.BothMITandHarvardhaveprovided$30milliontostarttheprogram.TheyalsoplantousetheedXplatformtoresearchhowstudentslearnandwhichteachingmethodsandtoolsaremostsuccessful.
53.Accordingtothistext,edXis________.
A、apartofthefreeMITOpenCourseWare
B、afreecomputerprogrambyMITandHarvard
C、aHarvardMITplatformoffreeonlinecourses
D、afreeprogramonlineforuniversitiesworldwide
54.Whatissaidaboutonlineeducationinthetext?
A、Universitieshavebeentryingonlinecourses.
B、About2,000onlinecourseshavebeenoffered.
C、Over100millionpeoplehavefinishedcoursesonline.
D、StanfordandYaletogetherhavecoursessimilartoedX.
55.Theunderlinedpartinthetextprobablymeans“________”、
A、Getreadyforthedifficulties
B、Getreadyforthiseducationalchange
C、Getpreparedtocompletetheonlinecourses
D、GetpreparedtomakematerialsfortheedXcourses
56.WhatcanbesaidaboutMITxaccordingtothetext?
A、ItisfirstofferedaspartoftheedXlearningprogram.
B、ItisanotherfreeMITHarvardonlinelearningprogram.
C、Itisastandardtorecognizeonlinelearners’achievement.
D、ItisanewkindoffreeonlinecourseofHarvardandMIT.
阅读以下四篇短文,从每题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最正确选项。
[2018·陕西卷]
A
Whatbringsanationtogether?
Ofthefourchoices—sharedvalues,language,history,andreligion,it'ssharedvalues.Inourlatestpoll(民意调查),sevenoutof16countrieschosevaluesasthegreatestfactor(因素)bringinganationtogether,andsixpreferredlanguage.Bothchoicesscoredhighinthepoll,suggestingthatourvaluesandhowweexpressthemarecloselylinked.Still,historywasnotforgotteninsomecountries,particularlyinMexicoandRussia.EvenCanadaandtheUnitedStateschosenationalhistoriesasthesecondmostimportantfactorunitingtheirpeople.Thebiggestsurprise?
Notonecountrypickedreligionasitstopchoice.
Respectyourelders
Inmostcountries,theoldestgenerationconsideredvaluesmoreimportanttoanationthandidthosewhoareunder45yearsold.
DoyouspeakCanadian?
LanguagescoredlowerinCanadathaninallothercountriespolled,perhapsbecausethecountryspeakstwoofficiallanguages,FrenchandEnglish.
Churchandstate
Mostpeoplepolleddonotconnecttheirreligiousbeliefstotheirnationalpride.Religionrankedlastin13countrie
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