中美文化比较结业论文.docx
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中美文化比较结业论文.docx
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中美文化比较结业论文
vChongqingUniversityCoursePaper
Sino-USCross-culturalCommunicationandComparison
Undergraduate:
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CollegeofEconomicsandBusinessAdministration
ChongqingUniversity
June2013
contents
Abstract-2-
1.Introduction-2-
1.1Myunderstandingofcultureandcross-culture-2-
1.2ImportanceoflearningthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanculture-3-
2.Topics-3-
2.1Economy-3-
2.2Polity-6-
3.Conclusion-8-
Reference:
-10-
Abstract
AsoneoftheBRICS,Chinaisaleaderofemergingmarketeconomics,beingwidelyconcernedbytheworld.Atthesametime,ChinaisregardedasthebiggestthreattoAmerica.So,Sino-UScross-culturalcommunicationisanart,beingassociatednotonlywiththeblendofdifferentcultures,butalsowiththeirrelationshipandfuturedevelopment.Inthisarticle,Iwillpresentmyunderstandingofcultureandcross-culture,pointtotheimportanceoflearningthedifferentcultures,clarifythesimilaritiesanddifferencesofChineseandAmericancultureineconomyandpolityandtrytoanalysisthem.Last,Iwillsharemyharvestfromthelearning.
Keywords:
Sino-UScross-culturalcommunication,similaritiesanddifferences,economy,polity
1.Introduction
1.1Myunderstandingofcultureandcross-culture
Cultureiscloselylinkedtopeople’sbehavior,andisderivedfromit.Anditcanbedefineddifferentlyfromdifferentsubjectsoraspects.Whenitcomestothecultureofonecountry,peoplewilloftentalksomethingaboutpoliticsandeconomy.Cultureindeedreflectstheothertwothings.Excellentcultureshouldabsorbothers’quintessenceandkeepconstantdevelopment,whichdoesgoodtopoliticsandeconomy.Atthesametime,cross-culture,whichisbasedonculture,isquiteimportantcauseitisappliedtomanyfieldssuchasdiplomacy,tradeandinternationalbusiness.
1.2ImportanceoflearningthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanculture
Asthebiggestdevelopingcountry,Chinahasmoreandmorecooperationswiththeworld'sleader—America.Tomakebothsidesgetprofitstheywantandtomakebothsidessuccessful,knowingtheoppositesideisamust.Thesimilaritiesmakethemcooperatecausetheybothshouldgofortheirowngoals.However,itisundeniablethatthereexistsdifferencesbetweenChineseandAmericanculture,whichgetinthewayofdeepeningthetwo’srelationship.
Closelyrelatedtous,gettingtoknowthedifferentculturehelpsusunderstandtheculturebetter.Thus,wecanhappilycommunicatewithforeignfriendssinceweknowhowtheymaybehaveintheirtalksandwhattheydointheirdailylifebasedonthelearning.
Seekingsamenessbutkeepingdifferenceisaprincipleincross-culturalcommunication,soweneedtoknowthesimilaritiesanddifferencesfirst.
2.Topics
2.1Economy
Chinaisasocialiststatewhichisbasedonpublicownershipofthecoexistenceofdiverseformsofownership,whileAmericansgenerallybelievethataneconomycharacterizedbyprivateownershipislikelytooperatemoreefficientlythanonewithsubstantialgovernmentownership.Thus,Americanshavemorefreedomintradepolicy.ItmustbelinkedwithafactthattheAmericanpossessestheconceptofindividualism,buttheChinesepeopleadvocatecollectivism.
WealwayssayChinahasvastterritoryandabundantresources,butdividedbyChina'shugepopulationitbecomessmall.AndpartlythismakesafewfreecompetitionsexistinChineseeconomicmarket.AmericansalwayscriticizeChinesegovernmentintervenetoomuchineconomicmarket,buttheydon’tconsiderthedifferencesoffundamentalrealitiesofChinaandAmericaorinmychildishmind,theysaylikethatintentionalresultingfromtheirenvyatChineserapiddevelopmentatthismodel.ButwhateverweshouldacknowledgethatChina'seconomyisintheprocessoftransition,theindustrialstructureneedstobeadjusted.
ChinaisataverydifferentpointinitseconomicdevelopmentthantheU.S.andotherWesternnations.ThoughtheeconomiccrisishasspreadintomanyareasoftheU.S.economy--banks,investmentfirms,insurancecompanies,andeventheoilmarkets,thiswillnotaffecttheU.S.tobeconsideredastheworld'slargestandmostimportanteconomies.TheBrettonWoodssystem,whichsetsthedollarpegtogold,hasfosteredthecreationofvastforeign-exchangereserves,particularlybyemergingeconomieslikeChina.TheU.S.isincrediblyfortunatethatthedollarenjoysthisspecialstatus.Causeafterthat,anyothercountriesshouldconsidertheU.S.’attitudeandbehaviorwhentheypreparetotakesomeactionsinternationally.Meanwhile,nobodyandnocountrydaretobehisopponentorcalculatehim,whichreducessomethinggettinginthewayofAmerica’sdevelopment.
‘Oneasthelargestdevelopingeconomyandtheotherthelargestdevelopedeconomyrespectively,ChinaandtheUShavenoirreconcilablefundamentaleconomicconflictsbetweenthem,andtheyarenotinadiametricallyoppositepositiononmajorglobaleconomicissues.Forinstance,botheconomiesbelievetheimportanceofthemarketinallocatingresources,advocatingforfreeinternationaltradeandinvestment.’(PingfanHong,2012.05.03)ChinaisAmerica'slargesttradepartner.“
Nopermanentfriends,nopermanentenemies,onlypermanentinterests.”Thissentenceisoftenmentionedbypeople,anditisexactlycorrectwhenappliedtonations’relationship.Thoughtheybothpersuethemaximuminterests,theUSAwon’texpectChinatodevelopintosuchaeconomicentitythatthreatsAmerica’sinternationalstatus.However,“Bothtradeandinvestment,aslongastheirmovementisinlinewiththecomparativeadvantagesofthetwocountries,willbringbenefitsfortheeconomicgrowthofbothcountries:
theresultwillnotbea‘zero-sum’,buta‘win-win’.Notonlya‘win-win’forthem,theChina-USeconomiccooperationwillalsogeneratepositivespill-overtoothereconomiesaswell,promotingglobaleconomicstabilityandgrowth,an‘all-win’result.”(PingfanHong,2012.05.03)
2.2Polity
Whileoftencategorizedasademocracy,theUnitedStatesismoreaccuratelydefinedasaconstitutionalfederalrepublic.Whatdoesthismean?
“Constitutional”referstothefactthatgovernmentintheUnitedStatesisbasedonaConstitutionwhichisthesupremelawoftheUnitedStates.TheConstitutionnotonlyprovidestheframeworkforhowthefederalandstategovernmentsarestructured,butalsoplacessignificantlimitsontheirpowers.“Federal”meansthatthereisbothanationalgovernmentandgovernmentsofthe50states.A“republic”isaformofgovernmentinwhichthepeopleholdpower,butelectrepresentativestoexercisethatpower.
Asarepublic,theultimatepowerwithintheAmericansystemrestswiththepeople.Thispowerisexercisedthroughregular,scheduledelectionsinwhichvotersselectthePresident,membersofCongress,andvariousstateandlocalofficials.Theseofficialsandtheirstaffsformulatepolicy,makelaws,anddirecttheday-to-dayoperationsofgovernment.
“Iknowofnosafedepositoryoftheultimatepowersofthesocietybutthepeoplethemselves.”(ThomasJefferson,1820)Similarlytothisspeaking,inChina,peopleismastersofthecountry.Butdifferently,Chinaisasocialistcountryunderthepeople'sdemocraticdictatorship,ledbytheworkingclassandbasedontheallianceofworkersandpeasants.Intermsofthestatepoliticalpower,Chinaadoptedthepeople'scongresssystem,throughwhichthepeoplecandeterminebythemselvesthefutureandfateofthenation.
Next,let’sanalysistheelectoralsystemsincethetwocountriesbothpromotedemocracy.
AllofusknowthattheU.S.presidentialelectionhappenedlastyearin2012betweenBarackObamaandMittRomney.ThenweshouldknowhowmuchtheU.S.paysforit.Firstly,inthiselection,itwillcostcandidates,politicalpartiesandthefrontgroupsaboutfivepointeightbilliondollars.Moneyisthemothermilkofpoliticsasexpected,sodoesthedemocracy.Secondly,fromthefirstpresidentialelectionin1788tothelatestonein2012,Americaspent224years’disputestomakeblacksandwomenhavetherighttovote.Thirdly,thetwocandidateshadrunforoneandahalfyear,debatedforthreetimesandsentforthousandsofadsforthefinalelection.AndontheNovember6th.2012,overahundredmillionvoterstookpartintheelection.
Thesethreepointsmakeusimpressive.Infact,itisnotdifficulttoimaginewhattheelectionislike,butitisratherdifficulttoseethroughdemocracy.Thoughthisisapracticeindemocracywhichtendstoledmanypeoplemanagethecountry,criticalvoicelike“HowdidU.S.democracybecomepropertyofcommercialoligarchy?
”(LewisH.Lapham,2012.9.20)stillexists.
BackinChina,itisimpossibleforChinatomakethewholeChinesepeopletakepartinthepresidentialelectioncausethehugepopulation.IfwedothesameasAmerica,perhapswecoulddonothingbutvote,vote,vote,forourpresident,ourmajorandothers.So,theelectioninstitutioninvillagecommitteeisthebasisofdemocracyinthegrassrootsofChina.Asenseofdemocracyhasindeedgrownfromthemostelementaryvillage-levelelection,andfromtheelectionofthepeoplefamiliartothefarmervoters.
ElectionisexoticinChina,andformsitsownfeaturesgradually,forexample,thepremiseofelectoralsystemisdifferent,electionisonbehalfoftheinterestsofdifferentpeople,thegenerationofstateorgansindifferentwaysandmutualrelationsandsoon.
3.Conclusion
Culturepenetratesintoeachaspectofourlife.TocompareChineseandAmericancultureisnecessaryforustounderstandnotother
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