学年浦东外国语高二下英语月考.docx
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学年浦东外国语高二下英语月考.docx
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学年浦东外国语高二下英语月考
2018年3月浦东外国语高二下月考卷
II.GrammarandVocabulary
SectionA
Directions:
Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.
Peopleinallpartsoftheworldareobserving"NoTobaccoDay."Itistheday21theWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)appealstopeopletostopusingtobaccoproducts.TheWHOhopes22peoplestopsmokingcigarettesorchewingtobaccoforoneday,itwillstoppermanently.Thedayincludesspecialobservancesandawardsceremoniesin166countries.Thetargetgroupforthisyear’s"NoTobaccoDay"iswomen.Organizerswanttomakesurewomenknowthedangersofsmoking.
Healthexpertshavewarnedforyearsthatsmoking23leadtoheartdisease,cancerandotherproblems.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysdiseases24(link)tosmokingkillatleast2,500,000personseachyear.Still,manypeoplefinditdifficulttostopsmoking.Onereasonisnicotine,asubstancefoundincigarettes.Nicotineisadrug.Theeffectsofitaresimilartotheeffectsofcocaineandheroin.
"NoTobaccoDay"isaimedatsmokersandthose25earnmoneyfromtobaccosales.Sobusinessesareaskednot26(publish)advertisementsforcigarettes.
Twoimportantdevelopments27(observe)inrecentyears.Inindustrialcountries,thenumberofsmokershasbeenfallingaboutonepercentayear.Butin28(rich)countries,thenumberhasbeenrisingtwopercentayear.Thisistheresultofincreasedefforts29tobaccocompaniestoselltheirproductsindevelopingcountries.
TheWorldHealthOrganizationhasapprovedplanstohelpreachitsgoalofa"smoke-free"world.Oneurgesgovernmentstooffertobaccofarmersthechancestoearnmoneybygrowingothercrops.30involvesimprovedpublicinformationcampaignsaboutthedangersofsmoking.
SectionB
Directions:
Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybe
usedonce.Notethatthereisoncewordmorethanyouneed.
A.alternativeB.particularC.contentD.availableAB.spreadAC.lowAD.surfaces
BC.replaceBD.breakthroughCD.routesABC.reasonable
Attheturnofthetwentiethcentury,Americanswhowishedtotravelbetweencitieseitherforworkorforpleasurehadlimitedoptions.Thesteamrailroadofferedthebest,themostreliableandthefastestmeansoftransport.Electricrailways(tramsandtrolleys)provided31.______intraurbanandshort-distanceintercitytravel.Theyalsoofferedsomelongerroutes,butonlyincertainpartsofthecountry.Horse-drawncoacheswereneitheracompetitivenoracomfortable32._____givenunacceptableslate(石板)ofthenation’shighways;andthoughbicycleswerepopularinbothtownandcountry,they,too,werehamperedbypoorroad33._______.Ittookthemassproductionandownershipofcars,togetherwithincreasedattentiontoroadconstructiontobringthemajor34.________intravelinthe1920's.Andalongsidetherapid35.______ofthepopularandindividualisticautocametheslower,butsignificant,growthofbustransport.Notonlydidbuseslargely36._______tramsandtrolleysinurbunmasstransit,theyalsoopenedupnewavenuesofintercitytravelbothtothoseAmericanswhocouldnotaffordcarsandtothoseoutownerswhopreferredtoleavedistancedrivingtoothers.
No37.______datemarksthebeginningoftheAmericanintercitybusindustrybecausesomanyindividualswereattractedtoitataboutthesometimebythelargeprofits38._____tothem.Thesebuspioneerscamefromallwalksoflife.Fewknewmuchabouttransportoraboutbusiness,buttheywerewillingtotakeachanceonanewventurethathad39.__entrycosts.Peoplebecameawareofthenewservicebywordofmouthornewspaperadvertisements,bUtaregularcommitmentwasnotguaranteed.Busdriversfrequentlydidnotstartuntiltheyhadafullload;andthosewhotraveledontheearlybuseswere40.______withreachingtheirdestinationratherthanenjoyingafastorcomfortablejourney.
III.ReadingComprehension
SectionA
Directions:
ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Cowboyorspaceman?
Adilemmaforachildren’sparty,perhaps.Butalsoaquestionforeconomists,arguedKennethBoulding,aBritisheconomist,inanessaypublishedin1966.Wehaverunour____41_____,hewarned,likecowboysontheopengrassland:
takingandusingtheworld’sresources,___42_____thatmoreliesoverthehorizon.ButtheEarthis__43___agrasslandthanaspaceship—aclosedsystem,aloneinspace,carryinglimitedsupplies.Weneed,saidBoulding,aneconomicsthattakesseriouslytheideaofenvironmental___44_____.Inthehalfcenturysincehisessay,anewmovementhasrespondedtohis challenge.“Ecologicaleconomists”,astheycallthemselves,wantto___45___itsaimsandassumptions.Whatdotheysay—andwilltheirideasachievelift-off?
Toits___46_____,ecologicaleconomicsisneitherecologynoreconomics,butamixofboth.Theirstartingpointistorecognizethatthehumaneconomyispartofthenaturalworld.Ourenvironment,theynote,isbothasourceofresourcesandasinkforwastes.Butitis__47____inconventionaltextbooks,whereneatdiagramstracetheflowsbetweenfirms,householdsandthegovernmentasthoughnaturedidnotexist.Thatisamistake,sayecologicaleconomists.
Therearetwowaysoureconomiescangrow,ecologicaleconomistspointout:
throughtechnologicalchange,orthroughmoreintensiveuseofresources.Onlythe___48_____,theysay,isworthhaving.TheyaresuspiciousofGDP,acrude___49______whichdoesnottakeaccountofresourceexhaustion,unpaidwork,andcountlessotherfactors.___50_____theyadvocatemore holistic(全面的)approaches,suchastheGenuineProgressIndicator(GPI),acomposite index(复合指标)thatincludesthingslikethecostofpollution,deforestationandcaraccidents.WhileGDPhaskeptgrowing,globalGPIperperson_____51____in1978:
bydestroyingourenvironmentwearemakingourselvespoorer,notricher.Thesolution,saysHermanDaly,aformerWorldBankeconomistandeco-guru,isa“steady-state” economy,wheretheuseofmaterialsandenergyisheld___52_____.
Mainstreameconomistsare___53___.TheGPI,theypointout,isasubjectivemeasure.AndtalkoflimitstogrowthhashadabadpresssincethedaysofThomasMalthus,agloomy18thcenturyclericwhopredicted,wrongly,thatoverpopulationwouldleadtofamine.Humanbeingsfindsolutionstosomeofthemostannoyingproblems.Butecologicaleconomists____54____self-satisfaction.In2009apaperin Nature,ascientificjournal,arguedthathumanactivityisalready____55_____safeplanetaryboundariesonissuessuchas biodiversity(生物多样性)andclimatechange.Thatsuggeststhatecologicaleconomistsareatleastaskingsomeimportantquestions,eveniftheiranswersturnouttobewrong.
41.A.grasslandB.nationC.economyD.spaceship
42.A.ignorantB.confidentC.astonishedD.anxious
43.A.lessB.smallerC.moreD.larger
44.A.movementsB.influencesC.limitsD.threat.
45A.rejectB.realizeC.resembleD.revolutionize
46.A.challengersB.learnersC.advocatesD.professors
47.A.addressedB.ignoredC.opposedD.reflected
48.A.advancedB.formerC.laterD.scientific
49.A.itemB.productC.ideaD.measure
50.A.inadditionB.forexampleC.inotherwordsD.initsplace
51.A.peakedB.plungedC.persistedD.paused
52.A.continualB.competitiveC.constantD.comparable
53.A.unimpressedB.involvedC.concernedD.appointed
54.A.callforB.contributetoC.warnagainstD.referto
55.A.settingB.oversteppingC.extendingD.redrawing.
SectionB
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.
A
InAmerica,drivers'educationispartoftheregularhighschoolcurriculum.Everystudentinhisorhersecondyearofhighschoolisrequiredtotakeaclassindriver'seducation.However,unlikeothercourses,itisnotgivenduringtheregularschoolyear.Insteaditisasummercourse.
Thecourseisdividedintotwoparts:
classtimeforlearninglawsandregulationsanddrivingtimetopracticedriving.Classtimeisnotunlikeanyotherclass.Thestudentshaveatextfromwhichtheystudyhebasiclawstheymustknowtopassthewrittendrivingtestthatisgiventoanyonewantingtogetadriver’slicense.
Drivingtimeisachanceforthestudentstogetbehindthewheel(steeringwheel)andpracticestarting,steering,backingup,parking,switchinglanes,turningcorners,andalltheotherskillsrequiredtodriveacar.Eachstudentisrequiredtodriveatotalofsixhours.Thestudentsandtheinstructorgooutdrivingfortwo-hourblocksoftime.Thus,eachstudentgethalfanhourdrivingtimeperouting.Theinstructorand“driver”sitinthefrontseatsandtheotherthreestudentssitintheback.
DriversEdcarsareunlikeothercarsinwhichtheyhavetwosetsofbrakes,oneonthedriver’ssideandoneontheothersidewheretheinstructorsits.Thus,ifthestudentdrivershouldrunintodifficultiestheinstructorcantakeover.ThecaralsohasanotherspecialFeature.Onthetopofthecarisasignthatreads:
STUDENTDRIVER.Thatletsnearbydriversknowthattheyshoulduseextracautionbecausethestudentdriverisabeginning
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