英语专四真题及参考答案.docx
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英语专四真题及参考答案.docx
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英语专四真题及参考答案
PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE
Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentenceoranswersthequestion.MarkhouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
11.TheBentPyramidoutsideCairoancientEgypt'sfirstattempttobuild
asmooth-sidedpyramid.
A.hasbeenbelievedtohavebeen
B.wasbelievedtobe
C.isbelievedtohavebeen
D.isbelievedtobe
12..Newsrankingsofcollegessince1983.Theyareaverypopularresource
forstudentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.
A.maintains
B.ismaintaining
C.maintained
D.hasbeenmaintaining
13.Hewasluredintoacrimehewouldnothavecommitted.
A.actually
B.accidentally
C.otherwise
D.seldom
14.Shewasonceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof
mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.
A.bluehazyVirginia
B.hazyblueVirginia
C.Virginiahazyblue
D.Virginiabluehazy
15.Ilongtoalleviate,butIcannot.
A.theevil
B.evil
C.evils
D.anevil
16.Indeed,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askilling
andmaiming.
A.war
B.arewar
C.ofwar
D.areofwar
17.At,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitive
materialisalteredwhenexposedtolight.
A.itsmostbasic
B.itsbasic
C.themostbasic
D.thebasic
18.Shehiredalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhername
fromthedeed.Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused.
A.toexpressanintendedpurpose
B.toindicateahighdegreeofpossibility
C.torevealanundesirableconsequenee
D.todramatizeastatedfact
19.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?
A.Iwonderwhat'sbehindthischangeofplan.
B.Jimturnedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.
C.Thisworkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I'mgettingterriblybehind.
D.IsupposeI'mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.
20.
wouldhavebeenimmensely
Mymotherwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshe
proudofwhathasbeenachievedtheselast20years.Theitalicizedpartinthesentenceexpresses.
A.ahypothesis
B.asuggestion
C.acontradiction
D.asurprise
21.WhenthepoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto,theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevideneeagainsttheprosecution.
A.justice
B.testimony
C.trial
D.verdict
themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstronglycriticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.
A.Questionably
B.Arguably
C.Contentiously
D.Debatably
23.Priceshaverecentlyriseninordertotheincreasedcostofraw
materials.
A.cut
B.buoy
C.offer
D.offset
24.Thecelebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasnoofgivingany
A.recommendation
B.recording
C.recollection
D.recognition
actuallyagoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatweconsiderbeautiful.
A.consists
B.constitutes
C.composes
D.constructs
26.Theschoolisgoingthemiletocreatethenextgenerationofsporting
starsthankstoitsuniquedevelopmentprogram.
A.final
B.further
C.supplementary
D.extra
27.Theteachers'unionalawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing
“deplorable”schoolconditions.
A.fired
B.filed
C.fined
D.filled
28.LastMarchthe
ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwater
archaeologicalteam.
A.debris
B.ruins
C.remains
D.wreck
29.She'swornhisdesignsonoccasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.
A.countless
B.countable
C.numerical
D.numeral
30.Aleadingintelligeneeandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysis
ofworldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.
A.oceangoing
B.oceanic
C.marine
D.maritime
PARTIVCLOZE
Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassage
ifinsertedinthecorrespondingblank.ThewordscanbeusedONCEDNLY.MarktheletterforeachwordonANSWERSHEET.
A.accompaniesB.automaticallyC.coupleD.goesE.indebtedness
F.kindG.mannerH.mercifullyI.oneJ.obey
K.renownedL.subscribeM.unknownN.virtueO.widespread
AFewyearsago,auniversityprofessortriedalittleexperiment.
HesentChristmascardstoasampleofperfectstrangers.Althoughhe
expectedsomereaction,theresponsehereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthepeoplewhohadnevermetnorheardofhim.Thegreatmajorityofthosewhoreturnedacardneverinquiredintotheidentityoftheunknownprofessor.Theyreceivedhisholidaygreetingcard,andtheyautomatically_sent_oneinreturn.Thisstudyshowstheactionofoneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinflueneearound
us—theruleforreciprocalon.Therulesaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,
inkind,_whatanotherpersonhasprovidedus.Ifawomandoesusafavor,weshoulddoherone_inreturn;ifamansendsusabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifacoupleinvites|
ustoaparty,weshouldbesuretoinvitethemtooneofours.Byvirtueofthereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,invitations,andthelike.Sotypicalisitforindebtedness
toaccompanythereceiptofsuchthingsthatatermlike“muchobliged
hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonlyintheEnglishIanguagebutinothersaswell.
Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseof
obligationthatgoes_withitisitspervasivenessinhumanculture.Itis
sowidespread_thatafterintensivestudy,sociologistssuchasAlvin
Goldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythatdoesnotsubscribe』totherule.
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS
Inthissectiontherearethreepassagesfollowedbytenmultiplechoicequestions.
Foreachmultiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand
D.ChoosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWER
SHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
(1)TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablish
coloniesthatwerefreefromthecontrolsthatexistedinEuropeansocieties.They
wantedtoescapethecontrols
placedontheirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,noblemenandaristocrats.Thehistoricdecisionsmadebythosefirst
settlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmericancharacter.Bylimitingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformalaristocracy,theycreatedaclimateoffreedomwheretheemphasiswasontheindividual.IndividualfreedomisprobablythemostbasicofalltheAmericanvalues.Byfreedom,Americansmeanthedesireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefromthegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.
(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:
self-reliance.ItmeansthatAmericansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotionalindependencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.
(3)AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnitedStatesisthebeliefthateveryonehasaequalchancetoenteraraceandsucceedinthegame.BecausetitlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformal
classsystemdevelopedinthe.
(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:
competition.Ifmuchoflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewithothers.ThepressuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntilretirementfromwork.Infact,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfitintothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.
(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStates
istohaveabetterlife.Becauseofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landofplentywheremillionscouldcometoseektheirfortunes.
Thephrase“goingfromragstoriches”becameasloganfortheAmericandream.Many
peopledidachievematerialsuccess.MaterialwealthbecameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.
(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:
hardwork.Hard
workhasbeenbothnecessaryandrewardingformostAmericansthroughouttheirhistory.Insomeways,materialpossessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople'sabilities.Barry
Goldwater,acandidateforthepresidencyin1964,saidthatmostpoorpeoplearepoor
becausetheydeservetobe.MostAmericanswouldfindthisaharshstatement,butmany
mightthinktherewassometruthinit.
(7)ThesebasicvaluesdonottellthewholestoryoftheAmericancharacter.Rather,theyshouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterandhowitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.
41.seemstosuggestthat.
A.Americansarebornwithasenseofcompetition
B.thepressureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork
C.successfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansociety
D.competitionresultsinequalityofopportunities
42.WhichofthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues?
A.Comparison
D.Causeandeffect
C.Definition
D.Processanalysis
PASSAGETWO
(1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,ofcourse.AlfredNobel,themanwhoinvented
deadlyexplosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithal
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