AmericanEducationSystem.docx
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AmericanEducationSystem.docx
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AmericanEducationSystem
TheAmericanEducationSystem
◆AmericanSchools
1.Publicschoolisfreeforallstudentsfromages5until18
2.Allchildrenmustattendschoolatleastuntiltheageof16
3.Thepublicschoolsarerunbythelocalstategovernment
4.Statetaxespayfortheschoolsystem
◆Goals
1.Toprovideacleanandsafelearningenvironment
2.Tohaveaneducatedpopulationthatstrengthensthecountry
3.Achieveuniversalliteracy
◆Publicvs.PrivateSchool
PUBLIC-(90%)PRIVATE-(10%)
1.Freeforallstudentsfromage5-181.Parentsmustpayaschoolfee
2.Runbythelocalgovernment2.Runbyprivatecitizens
3.Teachesnospecificreligion3.Oftenarerunbyareligiousgroup
4.Standardeducation4.Superioreducation
◆HomeSchool
1.Parentsteachthechildrenathome
2.Studentsoftenfinishschoolatayoungerage
3.Reasons:
Parentsdon’tliketheschool
ParentswanttheirchildtolearnadvancedSubjects
◆PrimarySchool
1.Alsocalledelementaryschoolorgrammarschool
2.IncludesfromK-5to5thgrade
--(K-5isalsocalledkindergarten)
--K-5isoftenforjusthalfofaday
3.Schoolgoesfrom8to3
4.Studentslearnreading,math,science,history,spelling,penmanshipandart
5.Theclassstaystogetheralldayandhasoneteacherforalloftheirsubjects
6.Studentsalsohaverecessl
7.Studentseatlunchatschool
8.Studentsarepickedupandtakenhomebytheschoolbus
◆MiddleSchool
1.Studentslearnreading,math,science,history,vocabulary,writing,musicandart
2.BegintostudycomputerandhaveP.E.class
3.Theclassstaystogetheralldayandchangesroomsfortheirdifferentteachers
4.Oftenstudentslearntoplayaninstrumentorjointheschoolchoir
5.Oftenstudentsgoonschoolfieldtrips
6.Schoolmightrequireauniform
7.About20%ofschoolsinAmericahavethem
◆Highschool
1.Studentslearnadvancedsubjectslikemath,science,history,economics,speech,musicandart
2.Eachstudenthashisownscheduleandmovestodifferentclassroomsforeachclass
3.Studentschoosemanydifferentelectives(Art,Choir,Band,Cooking,Acting,Driver’sEducation)
4.Sports
Boys–AmericanFootball
Boys–Soccer
Girls–Volleyball
Both–Basketball
Both–Track
5.Mascots-Cheerleading
6.Activities:
Band,Choir,Debate,Homecoming,SeniorTrip
7.Dating
8.AfterSchool:
Job,Parties
9.Studentshaveaguidancecounselortohelpprepareforthefuture
10.EachstudenttakesanSATorACTtest
-SAT:
ScholasticAptitudeTest
-ACT:
AmericanCollegeTest
11.Graduation
◆University
1.tape:
JuniorCollege,CommunityCollege,VocationalSchool
2.Studentschoosetwotopicstostudy:
Major,Minor
3.Bachelor’sDegree(4-year)
AssociatesDegree(2or3-year)
4.Mostschoolsofferaliberalartsdegree
5.Ourdegreeiscommonlycalledadiploma
6.BachelorofScience,BachelorofArts
7.Eachhourofclassperweekiscalledacredit
8.Studentsneedabout125creditstograduatewithafouryeardegree
9.Everystudenthastheirownuniqueschedule
10.Studentscanchoosewhichclassestheywouldliketotake
11.Itisveryeasytochangeyourmajororminorandstudyadifferenttopic
12.Studentsaregivenalotofflexibilityinchoosingwhattheywillstudy
13.Universitystudentsusethefollowingtitles:
Grade1=Freshmen
Grade2=Sophomores
Grade3=Juniors
Grade4=Seniors
14.Thefirstfouryearsofuniversityiscalledyourundergraduatework
15.Cost:
Americanuniversitiesareveryexpensive
Americanuniversitiesgetmoneyfromthreesources
-Studenttuition
-Endowments
-Governmentfunding
Pricesperyearfora4-yeardegreerangefrom10,000to40,000dollars
Communitycollegesaremuchlessexpensive
Theschoolfeesarepaidbothbyparentsandstudents
Studentsoftengetaschoolloantoberepaidaftergraduation
Moststudentalsotrytogetascholarship
16.GPA
GPA–GradePointAverage
Thetotalaveragegradeofallofyourclassesandhoursatuniversity
Highestbeing4.0andlowestbeing0.0
A=4B=3C=2D=1F=0
HowtoaGPA
ClassHoursperweekGrade
Math22×3=685-B
History22×4=895-A
Listening33×4=1290-A
Basicenglish44×3=1289-B
P.E.22×2=475-C
Totals1342GPApoints
GPApoints42
TotalClassHours13
--------------------------------------
YourGPA3.23
42devidedby13=3.23
17.Classes
Collegeismuchmoredifficultthanhighschool
Studentsaregivenlotsofhomeworkandreadingtodooutsideofclass
Writepapers,readbooks,givespeechesanddogroupprojects
18.Projects
Universitiesattractthetopscientistsanddoctorstobeteachers
Theprofessorsusethestudentsworktohelpthemwithprojectsandexperiments
Studentgroupsalsotakepartincommunityprojects
19.Trips:
Studentstraveltostudyoverseas
20.Internships
Studentsworkatarealcompanyorschooltogetpracticalexperience
Studentsalsoearncreditsforthetimetheyworkattheirinternship
Oftenthestudentsarepaidfortheirwork
Internshipsareusuallydoneduringyourjuniororsenioryear
Ifyouperformwell,thenyouwillbeofferedajobupongraduation
◆Master’sDegree
1.Alsocalledapost-graduatedegree
2.Usuallytakestwoorthreeyearstocomplete
3.SomestudentstakeapositionattheschoolcalledGraduateAssistant
Eg:
GraduateAssistant:
Workpart-timeattheschool
Workpart-timeattheschool
Attendclasspart-time
Theworkpaysforyourtuitionandroomfees
Sometimescalleda“GA”
◆DoctorateDegree
1.AlsocalledaPh.DorDoctorofPhilosophy
2.Aschoolcansometimesawardan“honorarydoctoratedegree”
3.Extremelydifficultclasses
4.Studentsmustwriteadissertation(高等学位毕业论文)
5.Aftercompletion,“Dr.”isalwaysusedwhenaddressingthem
6.Universityprofessorsshouldgetthisdegree
AmericanEducationSystem
IndianaUniversityencouragesyourinterestinstudyingintheUnitedStates.Weareadiverseuniversitywithinternationalstudentsfrommorethan130countries.HerearesomedetailsabouttheU.S.academicsystem.
Grades
Professorsgivelettergradestoshowthequalityofastudent’swork.Thegradetellshowwellthestudentisperformingontests,researchpapers,andclassparticipation.Mostcollegesoruniversitiesrequirethatstudentsmaintainaminimumgradepointaveragetocontinuetheirstudies.Herearethegradesandthegradepointaverages:
A+(4.0)
A(4.0)
A–(3.7)(excellent)
C+(2.3)
C(2.0)
C–(1.7)(average)
F(0)(failure)
B+(3.3)
B(3.0)
B–(2.7)(aboveaverage)
D+(1.3)
D(1.0)
D–(0.7)(poor)
AcademicYear
TheuniversityacademicyearatIUismadeupoftwosemesters.ThefallsemesterisfromAugusttoDecember.ThespringsemesterisfromJanuarytoMay.ItisagoodideaforinternationalstudentstoenterU.S.universitiesinfall.Mostnewstudentsenteratthistime,sotheycanadjusttogether.
ClassroomLearning
Someclassesarelargelectureswithover100students.Othersaresmallerclassesand"seminars"(discussionclasses)withfewerstudents.Lecturecoursesareoftensplitintosmallergroupsor"sections."Thesectionsmeetseparatelytodiscusstheclassmaterial.
Professorsusuallyassignreadingseachweek.Theyalsorequireseveralwrittenreportsor"papers"eachsemester.Youareexpectedtokeepupwiththereadingssoyoucanjoinindiscussionsandunderstandthelectures.Sciencestudentsalsomustdolaboratorywork.
TheDegreesYouCanEarn
Bachelor‘sDegree
U.S.studentscangoontocollegeoruniversityafterfinishinghighschool(12thgrade).Therefore,youneedtoknowwhichlevelofeducationinyourcountrymatchesupwiththe12thgradeintheUnitedStates.TheInternationalAdmissionsOfficecanhelpyouwiththis.
Uponenteringacollegeoruniversity,studentsworktowardtheirbachelor’sdegreeduringthefirstfouryears.Studentsinthefirstyeararecalled"freshmen."Theyare"sophomores"inthesecondyear."Junior"and"senior"refertothethirdandfourthyears.
TheU.S.undergraduateeducationalsystemisdifferentfrommanyothersystemsbecausestudentshavemorecontrolovertheircourses.Also,studentsarenottypicallyadmitteddirectlyintotheir"major"fieldofstudy.Instead,mostundergraduatesareingeneralstudiesprogramsuntiljustbeforetheirjunioryear.
Studentsmusttakeacertainnumberofcoursesinareasoutsidetheirmajordepartmentorfieldinordertoearnabachelor’sdegreeintheUnitedStates.Thisisbasedonthephilosophythatstudentsattheundergraduatelevelgetthebesteducationbybeingexposedtoseveralareasofstudy.
Insomedegreeprograms,studentsalsochoosea"minor"fieldthatmayormaynotbecloselyrelatedtotheirmajor.Forexample,astudentcouldchoosetomajorinmarketingandminorinFrench.Studentsalsochoosesome"elective"(extra)coursesinothersubjects.
Master’sDegree
Amaster’sdegreefollowsthebachelor’sdegree.Itinvolvesmorestudyofacertainsubject.Thisdegreeisrequiredinsomeprofessions.TheM.B.A.,orMasterofBusinessAdministration,isapopulardegreethatusuallytakestwoyears.Somemaster’sprogramstakeonlyoneyear.
DoctoralDegree(Ph.D.)
ThedoctoraldegreeisthehighestdegreeyoucanearnintheUnitedStates.ExamplesincludePh.D.(DoctorofPhilosophy),J.D.(DoctorofLaw),M.D.(DoctorofMedicine),andD.D.S.(DoctorofDentalSurgery).
ThePh.D.requirescoursework,anexamination,originalresearch,andadissertation.MostPh.D.programsrequireatleastthreeyearsofstudyafterthemaster’slevel.Moststudentstakelongertofinishthisdegree.
Thefirsttwoyearsincludeclassesandseminars.Foranotheryearormore,studentswilldoresearchandwriteathesisordissertation.Adissertationisawrittenreportofyouroriginaldoctoralresear
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