高考英语 阅读理解综合试题及答案.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解综合试题及答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解综合试题及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
ChinaandIndiaareleadersinimprovingglobal(全球的)treecover,anewstudybasedonNASAresearchshowed.
Theytooka31.8%parttogetherofthetotalglobalnewleafareabetween2000and2017.Chinaplayedamajorrole,adding25%tothisincrease,andIndiaadded6.8%,followedbyCanadaandRussia.ThestudyintheNatureSustainabilityjournalshowsthatmorethan5.5millionsquarekilometersofgreenleafareawasaddedglobally.Since2000,therehasbeenafive-percentincreaseinglobalgreencover,itsaid.
"ThegreeningoverthelasttwentyyearsshowsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreeswhichisaslargeastheareaoftheentireAmazonrainforest,"ChiChen,aBostonUniversityresearcherandleadofthestudytoldNatureSustainability.LargeplantationactivitiestoprotectforestsinChinacontributednearly42%tothecountry'sgreencover,andagricultureaddedanother32%.InIndia,82%oftheincreaseinleafareawasbecauseofagriculture.
"ChinaandIndiatakeupone-thirdofthegreening,butholdonlyninepercentoftheplanet'slandareacoveredingreenplants,"ChiChentoldNASAEarthObservatory."Thatisasurprisingfinding,consideringthelanddegradation(退化)incountrieswithlargepopulations."
BostonUniversity'sresearchteamfirstdetectedanincreaseinglobalgreencoverinthe1990sbutwereunsureaboutwhatcontributedtotheincrease.Finally,withthehelpofNASA'sTerraandAquasatellitesresearch,theymanagedtofindouttheincreaseinleafcoverfromdifferentareasandplaces.
(1)Whichcountryincreasedthelargestpartofthenewleafarea?
A. India
B. China
C. Canada
D. Russia
(2)ForwhatpurposedidtheauthormentiontheAmazonrainforest?
A. Toshowhowgreattheachievementwas.
B. Toshowtheimportanceofrainforest.
C. Toexplainwhatdifficultieswehavenow.
D. Toexplainthereasonforincreasingforests.
(3)Accordingtoparagraphfour,thefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT_______.
A. ChinaandIndiahavelargepopulationsandlanddegradationproblem
B. about9%oftheplanet'sgreeningisinChinaandIndia
C. ChinaandIndiaareleadingintheglobalgreencoverincrease
D. theleafcoverareainChinaandIndiaisstilllimitedifviewedglobally
【答案】
(1)B
(2)A
(3)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,一项新研究显示,中国和印度在改善全球树木覆盖方面处于领先地位。
同时中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一,但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。
考虑到人口众多国家的土地退化,这是一个令人惊讶的发现。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Chinaplayedamajorrole,adding25%tothisincrease,andIndiaadded6.8%,followedbyCanadaandRussia.”中国扮演了主要的角色,增加了25%,印度增加了6.8%,加拿大和俄罗斯紧随其后。
可知中国新增的森林面积最大。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的"‘ThegreeningoverthelasttwentyyearsshowsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreeswhichisaslargeastheareaoftheentireAmazonrainforest,’ChiChen,aBostonUniversityresearcherandleadofthestudytoldNatureSustainability.“过去20年的绿化表明,植物和树木的叶子面积增加了,相当于整个亚马逊雨林的面积,"波士顿大学研究员、该研究的负责人陈驰告诉《自然·可持续性》杂志。
可知作者提到了亚马逊雨林,以表明这一成就是多么伟大。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的"‘ChinaandIndiatakeupone-thirdofthegreening,butholdonlyninepercentoftheplanet'slandareacoveredingreenplants,’ChiChentoldNASAEarthObservatory.”陈驰告诉美国国家航空航天局地球观测站:
"中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一,但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。
"可知B选项"大约9%的地球绿化发生在中国和印度"错误,故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.
"Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures."commentedleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.
Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs,forexample,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.
Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowedflies"observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,"whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.
ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject,saidinastatement,"Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly."
Incomparison,thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybecomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position.
Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensionalongwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.
(1)Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout?
A. Paceoflifeofanimals. B. Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.
C. Lifetimeofsmallanimals.
D. Timeperceptionofanimals.
(2)WhatdoesKevinHealy'scommentmeaninPara.2?
A. Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.
B. Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.
C. Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.
D. Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.
(3)Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?
A. Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.
B. Theycanprocesstheinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.
C. Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.
D. Theycansendinformationtobrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.
(4)Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?
A. Slowdowntogainitstimeperception. B. Preventitselffrombecomingblind.
C. Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain. D. Trytorunasfastasitcan.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)B
(4)C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive(感知)timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”可知,据一组研究人员称,动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关,由此可知,文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知的,故选D。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“theimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures.”可知,对于能快速移动的动物而言,在极短的时间内感知时间的能力可能是生与死的区别,由此可知,KevinHealy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力,故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Theresearchshowedflies‘observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,’whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知,家蝇观察物体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短,这使得它们能够避免被击中;再结合第五段中的“buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”可知,它们可以很快做出好的决定,也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息,故选B。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的“thetigerbeetle(虎甲虫)runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybecomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's(猎物)position”可知,虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快,基本上是盲目的,这就要求它不时地停下来,重新评估猎物的位置,由此可知,为了抓住移动的猎物,虎甲虫需要不时地停下来确定猎物的位置,故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Ifyouwearglasses,chancesareyouaresmarter.ResearchpublishedinthefamousBritishjournalNatureCommunicationshasfoundthatpeoplewhodisplayedhigherlevelsofintelligencewerealmost30percentmorelikelytowearglasses.
Thescientistsstudiedthegenesofthousandsofpeoplebetweentheagesof16and102.Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.Scientistsalsosaidbeingsmarterhasotherbenefits.Itisconnectedtobetterhealth.
Itisimportanttoremembertheseareconnectionswhicharenotprovencauses.Scientistscallthiscorrelation.Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.Andit'sworthnotingthatwhatconstitutesintelligenceissubjectiveandcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,tomeasure.
Forgetgenesthough.Plentyofproofshowswearingglassesmakespeoplethinkyouaremoreintelligent,evenifyoudonotneedglasses.Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.Hesaidsometimestherehasbeenahugeamountofproofshowingthatpeoplehewasdefendingbrokethelaw.Hehadthemwearglassesandtheyweren'tfoundguilty.
GlassesarealsousedtoshowsomeoneisintelligentinmoviesandonTV.Ideasaboutpeoplewhowearglasseshavebeguntoshift.Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.GQmagazinesaidpeoplewhowearglassesforfashionaretryingtoohardtolooksmartandhip(时髦的).However,thathasn'tstoppedmanycelebritiesfromhappilywearingglasseseveniftheydonotneedthem.JustinBieberisjustonehigh-profilefanoffashionglasses.
(1)Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?
A. Peoplewearingglassesaresmarter.
B. Peoplewearingglassesarehealthier.
C. Wearingglassescanmakepeoplecleverer.
D. WearingglassesisassociatedwithhigherIQ.
(2)WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?
A. Shift.
B. Link.
C. Proof.
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