高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 3 Travel journal练习 新人教版必修1doc.docx
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高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 3 Travel journal练习 新人教版必修1doc.docx
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高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Traveljournal练习新人教版必修1doc
2019高考英语一轮总复习第一部分教材知识梳理Unit3Traveljournal练习新人教版必修1
一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)
A
Deathisnatural,butdoyouhaveanyideaoftheprocessofdying?
Modernscientistsdividetheprocessofdyingintotwostages—clinicalortemporarydeathandbiologicaldeath.Clinicaldeathoccurswhenthevitalorgans,suchastheheartorlungs,haveceasedtofunction,buthavenotsufferedpermanentdamage.Theorganismcanstillberevived(复活).Biologicaldeathoccurswhenchangesintheorganismleadtothe“breakingup”ofvitalcellsandtissues.Deathisthenunchangeableandfinal.
Scientistshavebeenseekingawaytolengthentheperiodofclinicaldeathsothattheorganismcanremainalivebeforebiologicaldeathoccurs.Thebestmethoddevelopedsofarinvolvescoolingoftheorganism,combinedwithnarcotic(麻醉的)sleep.Byslowingdownthebody’smetabolism(新陈代谢),coolingdelaystheprocessesleadingtobiologicaldeath.
Toillustratehowthisworks,scientistsperformedanexperimentonasix-year-oldfemalemonkeycalledKeta.ThescientistsputKetatosleepwithanarcotic.Thentheysurroundedherbodywithice-bagsandbegancheckingherbodytemperature.Whenithaddroppedto28degreesthescientistsbegandraining(使流光)bloodfromanartery(动脉).Themonkey’sbloodpressuredecreasedandanhourlaterboththeheartandbreathingstopped:
clinicaldeathsetin.FortwentyminutesKetaremainedinthisstate.Hertemperaturedroppedto22degrees.Atthispointthescientistspumpedbloodintoanarteryinthedirectionoftheheartandstartedartificialbreathing.AftertwominutesKeta’sheartbecameactiveoncemore.Afterfifteenminutes,spontaneous(自发的)breathingbegan,andafterfourhoursKetaopenedhereyesandliftedherhead.Aftersixhours,whenthescientiststriedtogiveherapenicillininjection,Ketaseizedthesyringe(注射器)andranwithitaroundtheroom.Herbehaviordifferedlittlefromthatofahealthyanimal.
(2015·湖北宜昌第一中学月考)
1.Forapersonwhosuffersfromtheclinicaldeath .
A.hestillhasthepossibilityofgettingbacktolife
B.hismostimportantorgansaredamaged
C.hecannotavoidfinaldeath
D.heisstillverymuchalive
2.Scientiststrytomakethetimeofclinicaldeathlongerinorderto .
A.slowdownthebody’smetabolism
B.bringvitalcellsandtissuesbacktoactivelife
C.delaythecomingofbiologicaldeath
D.cooltheorganism
3.HowdidthescientistsputKetaintoclinicaldeath?
A.Bysurroundingherbodywithice-bagsanddrainingherblood.
B.Bylowingherbloodpressureandstoppingherheartfrombeating.
C.Bydrainingherblood,loweringherbloodpressureandstoppingherbreathing.
D.Byputtinghertosleep,loweringhertemperatureanddrainingherblood.
4.Allofthefollowingindicatethatthemonkeyhasalmostrestoredtoheroriginalphysicalstateexceptthefactthat .
A.herheartbeatagain
B.sheregainedhernormalbreath
C.sherejectedapenicillininjection
D.sheactedaslivelyasahealthymonkey
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。
科学家通过给猴子试验延长临床死亡的时间来推迟生物死亡的来临。
1.A 细节理解题。
根据第一段第三句“Clinicaldeathoccurswhenthevitalorgans,suchastheheartorlungs,haveceasedtofunction,buthavenotsufferedpermanentdamage.”可知,临床死亡的人的重要器官停止运转,但不会遭受永久损伤,仍然有可能会复活。
故选A项。
2.C 细节理解题。
根据第二段第一句“Scientistshavebeenseekingawaytolengthentheperiodofclinicaldeathsothattheorganismcanremainalivebeforebiologicaldeathoccurs.”可知,科学家在设法延长临床死亡的时间以便推迟生物死亡的到来。
故选C项。
3.D 细节理解题。
根据第三段第二、三、四句“ThescientistsputKetatosleepwithanarcotic.Thentheysurroundedherbodywithice-bagsandbegancheckingherbodytemperature.Whenithaddroppedto28degreesthescientistsbegandrainingbloodfromanartery.”可知,科学家通过让Keta睡眠、降低体温以及抽光动脉的血液来使她进入临床死亡。
故选D项。
4.C 细节理解题。
根据第三段中的“Atthispoint...andliftedherhead.”及文章的最后一句可知,这只猴子自主呼吸、心脏跳动、睁眼、抬头,几乎恢复到之前的生理状态,此外它的一举一动与一只健康的猴子几乎无异。
根据文章倒数第二句可知,这只猴子拒绝注射盘尼西林。
故选C项。
B
Natureisfullofcolor,fromrainbowsandrosestobutterflywingsandpeacocktails.Eventhefruitsandvegetablesyoueathavedifferentcolors:
blueblueberries,redstrawberries,greenbroccoli,andorangecarrots.
Plantsandanimalsoftenusecolortoattractattention.Thesubstancesresponsibleforthesecolorsbelongtoaclassofchemicalcalledantioxidants(抗氧化物).Plantsmakeantioxidanttoprotectthemselvesfromthesun’sultraviolet(UV)(紫外线)light.
Ultravioletlightcauseschemicalscalledfreeradicals(自由基)toformwithinplantcells.Theycandestroypartsofplant.Freeradicalsalsohavedamagingeffectsonhumanbeings.Someoftheseeffectslikewrinkledskincanbeseen.Thedamageiscausedbythefreeradicalsattackingcellsinourbodies.Certaincancersandheartdiseasearelinkedtofreeradicals.
Ourbodieshavenaturaldefencesforfightingofffreeradicals.Whileweareyoung,ourdefencesareprettystrong.However,theygetweakeraswegetolder.Thebody’sbuilt-indefencescanonlygosofarwithoutextrahelp.
Thekeytofightingfreeradicalswithfruitsandvegetablesistomixandmatchcolors.It’slikesunscreen(防晒霜)fortheinsideofyourbody.Goforarangeofverybrightcolors.Colorfulfoodscontainhundredsofhealthychemicalsnotfoundanywhereelse.
Researchintohowchemicalsinblueberriesaffectthebrain’sfunctioninratssuggeststhatthesechemicalsmayhelpourownbrainsworkmoreefficiently.
Don’tjustblamethesun.Ultravioletlightisn’ttheonlysourceoffreeradicals.Ifyoubreathepollutedairsuchassmog,automobileexhaust(废气),orwastedgasfromafactory,youtakeinchemicalsthatalsocausesuchdamage.And,thebodyitselfproducesfreeradicalsasitprocessesfood.
1.Whichofthefollowingcannotbeknownfromthepassage?
A.Antioxidantsareresponsibleforplantcolors.
B.Plantsusecolortoattractattention.
C.AntioxidantscanprotectplantsfromUVlight.
D.Antioxidantshelpfreeradicalstoattackplants.
2.Inwhichorderdothefollowingfactsoccur?
a.Wrinkledskincanbeseen.
b.UVlightcausesfreeradicalstoform.
c.Freeradicalsdamagecellsinourbodies.
d.ThesungivesoutUVlight.
A.a,b,c,dB.d,b,c,aC.c,a,d,bD.d,b,a,c
3.Weneedextrahelpforfightingofffreeradicalsfromfruitsandvegetablesbecause .
A.ourbodies’defencesarenotnatural
B.wearetooyoungtodefendourselves
C.ourdefencesgetweakeraswegetolder
D.ourbodies’built-indefencescanonlygoaway
4.Whichofthefollowingcannotcausefreeradicalstoform?
A.Colorfulfood.B.UVlightfromthesun.
C.Pollutedair.D.Thebodyitself.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。
文章讲述了太阳的紫外线、烟雾、汽车尾气、工厂的废气等都可造成自由基的生成,自由基会破坏人体细胞,各种颜色的食物是帮助我们抵抗自由基的有效方法。
1.D 细节理解题。
根据第二段内容可知,A项、B项和C项是正确的,而D项不正确。
故选D项。
2.B 细节理解题。
事情发生的先后顺序:
先是太阳释放出紫外线,然后紫外线造成自由基的生成,接着自由基破坏我们身体的细胞,最后皮肤起皱纹。
故选B项。
3.C 细节理解题。
根据第四段第三、四句“However,theygetweakeraswegetolder.Thebody’sbuilt-indefencescanonlygosofarwithoutextrahelp.”可知,应选C项。
4.A 推理判断题。
最后一段提到,紫外线、被污染的空气以及人体自身都会产生自由基。
而由第五段第一句“Thekeyto...andmatchcolors.”可知,摄入不同颜色的食物可以帮助我们抵抗自由基的形成,故A项不符合文意,选A项。
二、语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
Dearfellowstudents,
MayIhaveyourattention,please?
NowI’dliketomakeaspeechhere.1. weknow,wastehasbecomeacommonphenomenononcampus.Somepourtheremainsofamealwhenthereisstillmuch2. (leave);otherssimplywalkawayafterwashinghands,leavingthewater3.
(run);studentsleavetheclassroomeveryday4.
noticingwhetherfansareswitchedoff.Hasthrift(节俭),oneofthemostnationaltraditions5. developedfromourlonghistorygone?
6.
so,finditback!
Wedon’thavetotakegreatpainstocontrolwaste,butactionsandagratefulheartareneeded;thankthewaterthatrunsthroughourfingers,andsaveitforpoorArabianorAfricancountriesstrugglinginwater7. (short);thankthelightweenjoy,becausechildrenshareadim(昏暗的)lamp8. (read)inpoorareas;thankallthepaperweareabletouse,fortreesarecutdowntosatisfy9. needs;thankeverything10. (natural)canofferandeverythingwecanown.
Liveandact,sothetraditionofthriftwillneverfade.
1.As。
Asweknow为固定搭配,意为“据我们所知”。
2.left。
此处应用过去分词作后置定语修饰much。
3.running。
leave...doingsth.结构,表示“使……一直做某事”。
4.without。
句意:
学生离开教室而不注意电风扇是否已关。
5.that。
先行词traditions前有最高级修饰,故应该用that引导定语从句。
6.If。
ifso是省略表示法,指“如果这样的话”。
7.shortage。
watershortage为固定搭配,意为“缺水”。
8.toread。
此处应用不定式作目的状语。
9.our。
此处意为“砍伐树木来满足我们的需要”。
根据前后文中的we可知要用our。
10.nature。
此处意为“感谢大自然恩赐的一切”,故填名词nature。
PartB
一、完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)
IwasafewyearsoutofcollegewhenItookthepostalexamandwashiredinasamailcarrier.ThePostOffice 1 eachcarrierwithpeppersprayasadefenseagainstaggressivedogs.
Astimewenton,Ifinallygota(n) 2 ofmyown.Itwasawalkingrouteinamiddleclass 3 .Ihadnodogproblems,exceptforone.Gingerlivedattheendofastreet,my 4 deliverybeforeIrushedbacktomytruck.Nearlyeverywarmday,shestoodinfrontofherhouse, 5 itandthemailbox.Shealwaysgreetedmewithrapid-fire 6 .
Inthiscasewewouldbringthemailbackand 7 it“dogout”.Theownerwouldthenhaveto 8 tothepostofficetogetthemail.ButIknewtheownerwasalittle 9 lady,wholivedalone.Ididn’thavethehearttomakeher 10 hermailinthepostoffice.Besides,Iwasn’tgoingtoadmitdefeattoatenpoundballoffur. 11 ,eachdayGingerwasout,wewoulddoourownpasdedeux(双人舞),untilIhad 12 themailintheboxandhurriedaway.
Thenoneday,I 13 totryanewway.Iborrowedadogbiscuitfromafellowcarrier.WhenIthrewittoGinger,sheeyedit 14 ,asifIwastryingtopoisonher.But,afterIwalkedaway,Iturnedbackfora 15 ,andthereshewas,tastingthe 16 cautiously!
Everydayafterthat,ItookGingeratreat.Itwasn’tlong 17 shewasgreetingmewithafullbody 18 .Wewerefriends.NowI’veappliedthis 19 tootherareasinmylife.Iwondersometimesifweeach,asindi
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