高考英语 阅读理解基础精品练习题2.docx
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高考英语 阅读理解基础精品练习题2.docx
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高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题2
2014高考英语阅读理解基础精品练习题
(2)及答案
(2011·湖北卷,C)
Intoday'sthrowawaysociety,dealingwiththecity'sgrowingmountainofwasteisanincreasingchallengeforthecitycouncil(市议会).
Recently,Edinburghisfacedwiththeproblemofdisposingof(处理)about250,000milliontonsofwasteayear.Despitedifferentwaystodisposeofmuchofitinagreenmanner—largelythroughencouragingrecycling—itsagingfacilitiessuchasthePowderhalllandfilldonothavetheabilitytodealwithit.
TheEuropeanUnion(EU)hasissuedanewpolicy,regulatinghowsuchmountainsofwastearetobedisposedof.Thefivecouncils(Edinburgh,EastLothian,WestLothian,MidlothianandBorders)facefinesaround£18millionayearfrom2013iftheydon'tincreaserecyclinglevelsandrelylessonlandfill.Withthisinmind,thecouncilsgottogetherwiththeideaofbuildingalargeincineratorplant(垃圾焚烧厂)toburnhalfofthewasteproducedintheirdistricts.ButthisplanfellapartafterthechangeoftargetlevelsbyanewUKgovernmentwastepolicywhichrequiredthatnomorethan25%ofthecity'swasteshouldbedisposedofinthiswayby2025.
Aftertheplanwasabandoned,aprivatecompanywhichalreadytransportedmillionsoftonsofthecity'swastebytraintoalandfillsitenearDunbar,offeredanalternativesolutionwhenitsuggestedopeningahugewastesitenearPortobello.
SincePowderhallissupposedtoclosein2015,itseemednecessaryforthemembersoftheEdinburghCounciltoacceptthesuggestion.Butsoontheyturneditdown—after700localobjectionsreachedthem—becauseitwouldhavemeanthundredsoflorriesadaymakingloudnoisethroughheavilypopulatedareas.
Thatstillleavesthecouncilwithaproblem.By2013,only50%of1995levelsofwastewillbeallowedtobesenttolandfill.Evenifrecyclingtargetsaremet,therewillstillbealargeamountofrubbishtobeburntup.Duetothis,EdinburghandMidlothiancouncilshavenowdecidedtoworktogethertobuildanincineratorplantastimetofindasolutionisfastrunningout.
回收利用曾是最绿色的垃圾处理方式。
但是,这种处理方法却不能短时间内满足欧盟对于及时解决废物的政策需求,因此,在回收利用的同时,他们还是得重建一所大型的垃圾焚烧厂。
9.ThemainwayofhandlingwasteinagreenmannerinEdinburghis________.
A.recyclingB.restoring
C.buryingD.burning
答案:
A。
细节判断题。
第二段中的信息词“largelythroughencouragingrecycling”可以断定选项A的说法是与原文保持一致的。
10.Thefivecouncilsworkedoutaplantobuildanincineratorplantto________.
A.reducethecostofburyingwasteB.meettheEUrequirements
C.speedupwasterecyclingD.replacelandfillsites
答案:
B。
细节判断题。
在第三个段落的开头提到了“TheEUhasissuedanewpolicy...”便可以断定他们制定这个处理垃圾的计划也正是这个政策的出台,所以与选项B的说法是相符合的。
11.ThecitycouncilofEdinburghrejectedthesuggestiontoopenahugelandfillsitenearPortobellobecause________.
A.itcamefromaprivatecompanyB.thecouncilwasnotinterestedinit
C.itwasnotsupportedbyEUD.thelocalpeoplewereagainstit
答案:
D。
细节判断题。
根据倒数第二段最后一句“...700localobjectionsreachedthem...”,可以断定市民是反对的。
12.WhatisthefinaldecisionofEdinburghandMidlothiancouncils?
A.Toopenanewlandfillnearby.
B.ToclosethePowderhalllandfillin2015.
C.Tosetupaplantforburningwaste.
D.Topersuadepeopletoreducetheirwaste.
答案:
C。
细节判断题。
根据文章最后一句话中的“setupaninceneratorplant”,即:
建一个垃圾焚烧厂,就可以断定,选项C与本信息句是相吻合的。
5.推断试题:
这类题主要考查学生对文章句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系的理解,如何推测文章表面信息的深层含义、判断作者的意图、态度、观点、语气.这类试题的结构如下:
*Thepassageisprobablywrittenfor__________.
*Whatisimpliedbutnotstated?
*Theparagraphisprobablytakenfrom____
*Itcanbeinferredinthestorythat______.
*Thewriterimpliedthat___________.
*What`sthewriter`sattitudetowards______?
*Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?
*Whatisthewriter`spurpose?
*Fromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthat_____.
Ourvillagecarpenter,JohnHill,cameonedayandmadeadiningtableformywife.Hemadeitjusttherightsizetofillthespacebetweenthetwowindows.WhenIgothomethatevening,Johnwasdrinkingacupofteaandwritingouthisbillforthejob.
Mywifesaidtomequietly,“Itisninthcupofteatoday.”Butshesaidinaloudvoice,
“Itisabeautifultable,dear,isn`tit?
”
“I`lldecidedaboutthatwhenIseethebill”Iread:
Onediningtable,10November,1989.
Costofwood:
$17.00
Paint:
$1.50
Work:
8hours($1anhour)$8.00
Total:
$36.50
WhenIwaslookingatthebill,Johnsaid,“Itisbeenafineday,hasn`tit?
Quitesunny.”
“Yes”Isaid“I`mgladitisonlythe10thofNovember.”
“Me,too”saidJohn,“Youwait.It`llbealotcolderbytheendofthemonth”
“yes,colder…andmoreexpensive!
Diningtableswillbebe$20moreexpensiveonNovember30th,won`tthey,John?
”
Johnlookedhardatmeforhalfaminute.Wastherealittlesmileinhistwoblueeyes?
Igavehisbillbacktohim.
“Ifitisn`ttoomuchtrouble,John,”Isaid,“pleaseadditupagainandyoucanforgetthedate.”
Ipaidhim$26.50andhewashappytogetit.
1.WhydidJohntalkabouttheweatherwhenthewriterwaslookingatthebill?
Becausehedidn`twantthewritertogothroughthebillcarefully.
Becauseitwasreallyafineday
Becausehewantedthewritertocheckthebillcarefully
Becausehewantedtotellthewriterwhattheweatherwaslike.
答案:
A解析:
本题是推断试题,根据上下文语境,John故意分散作者注意力,使作者不能仔细查帐目。
2.Fromthestoryweknowthat____.
A.Johnmadeamistakeinthebill
B.Johntriedtofoolthewriterinordertogetmoremoneyforhiswork.
C.Johnhadwrittenoutthebillbeforethewritergothome.
D.Johnstillwantedtoget$36.50forhisworkintheend.
答案:
B解析:
本题是推断判断题,根据上下文,作者查帐,John故意说话,是要愚弄作者。
6.猜测词义:
根据上下文或句子意思猜测单词或短语的意思。
试题结构如下:
*Theword“…”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans___.
*Theunderlinedphrase“…”inthearticleprobablymeans____.
*Theword“it”inthelastparagraphrefersto____.
*Inline6,theword“…”couldbestbereplacedby____.
*“…”isasynonymfor____.
LONDONThursdayJuly26(Reuters)---EddymissedhisgirlfriendAnnasomuchheflewbacktoBritainfromAustraliatoproposetoher.Theproblemisshedidthesameintheoppositedirection.
HeandAnnaevenmanagedtomisseachotherwhentheysatinthesameairportwaitingroominSingaporeatthesametimetowaitforconnectingflights.
….
Theunderlinedword“miss”inparagraph2mostprobablymeans_____.
A.failtomeetB.failtounderstandC.escapefromDlongtosee
答案:
A解析:
根据第二段可知,他们在同一个候机室,可没看见彼此。
【专题训练与高考预测】
A
Grown-upsknowthatpeopleandobjectsaresolid.Atthemovies,weknowthatifwereachouttotouchTomCruise,allwewillfeelisair.Butdoesababyhavethisunderstanding?
Toseewhetherbabiesknowobjectsaresolid.T.Bowerdesignedamethodforprojectinganopticalillusion(视觉影像)ofahangingball.Hisplanwastofirstgivebabiesarealball,onetheycouldbeexpectedtoshowsurprisedintheirfacesandmovements,Allthe16to24-week-oldbabiestestedweresurprisedwhentheyreachedfortheillusionandfoundthattheballwasnotthere.
Grown-upsalsohaveasenseofobjectpermanence.Weknowthatifweputaboxinaroomandlockthedoor,theboxwillstillbetherewhenwecomeback.Butdoesababyrealizethataballthatrollsunderachairdoesnotdisappearandgotonever-neverland?
ExperimentsdonebyBowersuggestthatbabiesdevelopasenseofobjectpermanencewhentheyareabout18weeksold.Inhisexperiments,Bowerusedatoytrainthatwentbehindascreen.When16-week-oldand22-week-oldbabieswatchedthetoytraindisappearbehindtheleftsideofthescreen,theylookedtotheright,expectingittore-appear.Iftheexperimenttookthetrainoffthetableandliftedthescreen,allthebabiesseemedsurprisednottoseethetrain.Thisseemstoshowthatallthebabieshadasenseofobjectpermanence.Butthesecondpartoftheexperimentshowedthatthiswasnotreallythecase.There-searchersubstituted(替换)aballforthetrainwhenitwentbehindthescreen.The22-week-oldbabiesseemedsurprisedandlookedbacktotheleftsideforthetrain.Butthe16-week-oldbabiesdidnotseemtonoticetheswitch(更换).Thus,the16-week-oldbabiesseemedtohaveasenseof“somethingpermanence,”whilethe22-week-oldbabieshadasenseofobjectpermanencerelatedtoaparticularobject.
1.Thepassageismainlyabout.
A.babies’senseofsight
B.effectsofexperimentsonbabies
C.babies’understandingofobjects
D.differenttestsonbabies’feelings
2.InParagraph3,“objectpermanence”meansthatwhenoutofsight,andobject.
A.stillexistsB.keepsitsshapeC.stillstayssolidD.isbeyondreach
3.WhatdidBoweruseinhisexperiments?
A.AchairB.AscreenC.AfilmD.Abox
4.39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A.Thebabiesdidn’thaveasenseofdirection.
B.Theolderbabiespreferredtoytrainstoballs.
C.Theyoungerbabieslikedlookingformissingobjects
D.Thebabiescouldn’ttellaballfromitsopticalillusion.
【参考答案】A
本文是一篇科普短文,大意是通过实验研究儿童是否知道物体是固体,具有物体持久性的感觉,研究表明,16周到24周的婴儿都知道物体是有形的固体,然而第一项研究表明只有18周以上的婴儿才对某个特定的物体的认识具有持久性。
1.解析本题考查主旨大意的把握能力。
本文通过科学家的研究和对研究结果的解释,旨在说明婴儿对物体的理解。
答案:
C
2.解析本题考查词义理解能力。
通过对第二项研究情况的阅读和第三段的解释得知“objectpermanence”意思是“物体依然存在”。
答案:
A
3.解析本题考查细节理解能力。
第二段和第四段中所述的Bower的两个实验中都用到了screen.答案:
B
4.解析本题考查证误判断能力。
第二段中所述实验情况表明:
婴儿伸手去摸屏幕上的影像,说明他们事先不能区分一个真正的球和影像的区别。
答案:
D
**************************************************************结束
B
TheThreeGorges(三峡)Dam,thelargestdamintheworld,isalsothelargestengineeringprojectonthefaceoftheearth.Itaimstomakethemotherofallfloods,theChangjiangRiver,intoatameriveranditwillbethelargestpowersourceformuchofeasternandcentralChina.Itwillcreateahuge,deep-waterlake,andmakeitpossiblefor10,000tonoceangoingshipstosail15,000milesinlandfromthePacifictothecityofChongqingwithits30millionpeople,maki
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