学年新教材高中英语Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworl.docx
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学年新教材高中英语Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworl.docx
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学年新教材高中英语Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworl
Unit4Scientistswhochangedtheworld
单元综合检测(四)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2.5分;满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Theadvancementofhumancivilizationispossible
justbecauseofenormouscontributionmadebyscientists.Theyareoneofthemostinfluentialpeopleoftoday'sworld.Withpracticaladvantagesinengineering,medicineandtechnology,theyhavehelpedustogrowbetterunderstandingabouttheworldanddifferentworkingphenomenonthatgovernsus.Theirnamesarerememberedinthesandsoftimefortheirworkinthewelfareofmankindwithdifferentinventionsthathasmadeourmodernliveseasy.Hereisalistofthefourgreatscientistswe'veeverseenwhochangedtheworld.
LouisPasteur(1822-1895)
Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementof
medicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies,anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.Healsoinventedtheprocessofpasteurization(加热杀菌法)tomakemilksafertodrink.Heprobablysavedmorelivesthananyotherperson.
OttoHahn(1879-1968)
HahnwasaGermanchemistwhodiscoverednuclear
fission(裂变)in1939.Hewasapioneeringscientistinthefieldofradiochemistry,anddiscoveredradioactiveelementsin1921.HewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforChemistryin1944.
NikolaTesla(1856-1943)
TeslaworkedonelectromagnetismandACcurrent.
Heobtainedaround300patentsworldwideforhisinventionsfromelectricitytoradiotransmission,butmanyinventionsdevelopedbyTeslawerenotputintopatentprotection.Heplayedakeyroleinthedevelopmentofmodernelectricity.
JamesClerkMaxwell(1831-1879)
Maxwellmadegreatprogressinunderstandingelectromagnetism.Hisresearchinelectricityandkineticslaidthefoundationforquantum(量子)physics.EinsteinsaidofMaxwell,“TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.”
【语篇解读】 本文介绍了四位伟人,四个人都为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。
1.WhatcontributiondidLouisPasteurmaketosociety?
A.Thedevelopmentofmedicine.
B.Radiochemistry.
C.Modernelectricity.
D.Quantumphysics.
A [细节理解题。
根据第二段“Pasteurcontributedgreatlytowardstheadvancementofmedicalsciencesdevelopingcuresforrabies,anthraxandotherinfectiousdiseases.”可知,LouisPasteur促进了医学的发展。
所以A选项是正确的。
]
2.WhowasthoughthighlyofbyEinstein?
A.LouisPasteur. B.OttoHahn.
C.NikolaTesla.D.JamesClerkMaxwell.
D [细节理解题。
根据最后一段“EinsteinsaidofMaxwell,‘TheworkofJamesClerkMaxwellchangedtheworldforever.’”可知,爱因斯坦对JamesClerkMaxwell的评价很高。
所以D选项是正确的。
]
3.Whatcanweinferaboutthefourpeople?
A.Theyaremedicalpioneers.
B.TheyareNobelPrizewinners.
C.Theyaregreatcontributorstosociety.
D.Theyarefoundersofmodernphysics.
C [主旨大意题。
根据文章内容可知,他们四个人都是社会的重要贡献者,为社会变革做出了巨大的贡献。
所以C选项是正确的。
]
B
MadameCurie,theyoungestofthefivechildren,wasborninWarsaw,Polandin1867.MarieCurie'smaidennamewasManya.Herparentswereteachers,andshelearnedtheimportanceofeducationataveryearlyage.NohighereducationwasofferedtowomeninPolandatthattime,soManyatookajobasatutor.ShesentpartofherincometoParistohelppayforhereldersister'smedicalstudies.Hersisterqualifiedasadoctorandmarriedafellowdoctorin1891.ManyawenttojoinedtheminParis,changinghernametoMarie.
SheenteredtheSorbonne(nowtheUniversityofParis)andstudiedphysicsandmathematics,graduatingatthetopofherclass.Fortheresearchshewantedtodo,shewasintroducedtoanotheryoungscientist,PierreCurie.Later,theyfellinlovewitheachother.
AftershewasrewardedtheNobelPrize,fametroubledMarieCurieandalsoherhusband,becausesciencewastheirworldandinthisworldofscience,fameandhonortopersonshadnovalue.OnedaywhenawriterforanewspapertriedtoaskMarieaboutherself,herthoughtsandherbeliefs,sheansweredhim,“Insciencewemustbeinterestedinthings,notinpersons.”Muchoftherealcharacterandspiritofthisunusualwomanwasfoundinthesefewwords,whichshewaslateroftentorepeat.Oneevening,atabigparty,afriendaskedifshewouldliketomeettheKingofGreece,whowasalsoaguest.Sheansweredinhersimplemanner,“Idon'tseethevalueofit.”Then,seeingthatshehurtthefeelingofherfriend,shequicklyadded,“But...but...ofcourse,Ishalldowhateveryouplease.Justasyouplease.”
【语篇解读】 居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家。
本文简要介绍了她成为科学家前后的生活。
从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。
4.WhatdidMarieCurieoncedotohelppayforhereldersister'smedicalstudies?
A.Shewasateacher. B.Shewasadoctor.
C.Shewasatutor.D.Shewasawaitress.
C [细节理解题。
根据第一段第四句和第五句可知,居里夫人曾经做过家庭教师,并用自己的部分收入资助姐姐上学。
]
5.WhatwasvaluabletoMarieCurie?
A.Scienceandresearch.B.Fameandhonor.
C.Characterandspirits.D.Personsandthings.
A [推理判断题。
根据第三段首句可推知,居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和研究,名利对他们来说没有任何价值。
]
6.Thewriterforanewspaperwasinterestedin________.
A.thingsB.MarieCurie
C.Marie'shusbandD.persons
D [推理判断题。
根据第三段第二句可知,给报社写稿的人试图向居里夫人了解有关她的情况,故可推知,这个人关注的是“人”。
]
7.WhatdoyouthinkmighthavehappenedbetweenMarieCurieandtheKingofGreece?
A.TheKingwasangrywithMarieCurie.
B.ForthesakeofherfriendMarieCuriemettheKingofGreece.
C.TheKingofGreecewrotealettertoinviteMarieCurietomeethim.
D.MarieCurieheldanotherpartyfortheKing.
B [推理判断题。
根据最后一段最后两句可推知,居里夫人不忍心伤害朋友的感情,她会顺从朋友,去见希腊国王。
]
C
Whatarethebiggestproblemsthatsocietywillhavetodealwithinthenewage?
TherearediseaseslikeAIDSandcancer.There'sclimatechange,ofcourse.Andwhataboutproducingenoughcheapfoodandenergyfortheworld'sgrowingpopulation?
Who'sgoingtosolvealltheseterribleproblems?
Yes,politiciansandworldleaderswillhaveabigparttoplay.Yes,businesseswillneedtocreatetheeconomicwealthtopayforsomeofthesethings.Butwho'sgoingtomakeamuchgreaterdifferencetosomethinglikeAIDSorclimatechange.It'sgoingtobeascientist.Itisthescientistwhocanturnsomenewbitofscienceintoanewtechnologytosolvetheseproblems.
Ifyoulikethinkingabouttheworldaroundyou,whynotbecomeascientist?
Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetowearawhitecoatandplasticglassesandspendallyourtimeinalabasmostpeopleoftenimagine!
Scientistsdoallkindsofamazingthingsthatareactuallyinteresting!
Militaryscientistsdevelopnotonlynewweaponsbutnewmilitarytechnologiesthatcouldhelpmakewarsoutofdate.Forensic(法医的)scientistsworkwiththepolicetofindquitesmallcluestocatchcriminals.Scientistsworkinschoolsandcollegesastheteachersandprofessorswhowilltraintomorrow'sscientists.Don'tthinkascientistisfaraway!
Maybeyoulikecooking?
Youcouldbeafoodtechnologisthelpingtokeepfruitandvegetablesfresherforlonger.Perhapssportisyourthing?
Doyouknowthatmosttopathletesworkwithsportsscientistsinordertoimprovetheirperformance?
Youcouldevenbethesciencewriterwhogetstospendthelifestudyingthelatestadvancesandsharingthemwiththeworld.
Lookingforsomethingtodofortherestofyourlife?
Myadvice?
Takealongandhardlookatscience.Itisinterestingandever.
【语篇解读】 本文提出在新时代社会必须解决的最大问题,科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。
其实每个人都可以成为某个领域的科学家。
8.Manyproblemsarementionedinthefirstparagraphto________.
A.suggesttheyareimpossibletobesolved
B.introducethecausesoftheseproblems
C.showthewriter'sworryaboutthefutureworld
D.showscientistsplayanimportantpartinsolvingthem
D [推理判断题。
根据第一段最后三句“Butwho'sgoingtomakeamuchgreaterdifferencetosomethinglikeAIDSorclimatechange.It'sgoingtobeascientist.Itisthescientistwhocanturnsomenewbitofscienceintoanewtechnologytosolvetheseproblems.”可知,第一段中提到的很多问题是为了说明科学家在解决这些问题中起着重要作用。
故选D。
]
9.Whatisneededtosolvetheseproblems?
A.Advancedweapons.
B.Enoughenergy.
C.Newtechnologies.
D.Agrowingpopulation.
C [细节理解题。
根据第三段第一句“Militaryscientistsdevelopnotonlynewweaponsbutnewmilitarytechnologiesthatcouldhelpmakewarsoutofdate.”可知,解决这些问题需要新科技。
故选C。
]
10.Mostpeoplethinkthelifeofscientistsis________.
A.amazing B.boring
C.colorful D.unreal
B [推理判断题。
根据第二段第二句“Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetowearawhitecoatandplasticglassesandspendallyourtimeinalabasmostpeopleoftenimagine!
”可知,多数人认为科学家的生活是无聊的。
故选B。
]
11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.Owingtomilitarytechnologies,therehasbeennowars.
B.Forthoseinterestedincooking,foodtechnologiesmaybeachoice.
C.Forensicscientistsplayanimportantpartindealingwithcrimes.
D.Mostathletescanachievegreaterachievementwiththehelpofsportsscientists.
A [细节理解题。
根据第三段第一句“Militaryscientistsdevelopnotonlynewweaponsbutnewmilitarytechnologiesthatcouldhelpmakewarsoutofdate.”可知,A项(Owingtomilitarytechnologies,therehasbeennowars.由于军事技术,没有发生战争。
)是错误的,故选A。
]
D
Evercalledamovietheatretofindoutshowtime?
Orcalledacustomerservicecentreforhelp?
Chancesareyoudidn'tspeaktoahumanbeing.YouprobablygavecommandstoanAutomatedSpeechRecognition(ASR)system.Thesetypesofsystemsareefficientmoneysavingtoolsthatallowcompaniestoaddressmanycustomerconcernswithminimumhumanintervention.
Thetechnologyforsuchasystemhasadvancedgreatlysinceitsappearanceinthe1950s.Onesignificantrecentachievementisthelaunchingofvirtualpersonalassistants(VPAs)onmobilephones.ThemostwellknownoftheseisApple'siPhoneVPA,Siri.IfyoutellSirithatyouwanttoschedulelunchwithafriend,“she”cansettheappointmentonyourphoneinseconds.TheVPAcanalsoholdabasic“conversation”withasenseofhumor.However,itcanonlybesetoffwhenthehumanuserspeakscertainkeyphrasesorwords.
Whilethepotentialforcommunicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting,thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.Someexpertsworryaboutpeople'sattachmentto
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