英语写作.docx
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英语写作.docx
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英语写作
PartIWriting(30minutes)
Directions:
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealetter.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:
给你的外国朋友写一封信,告诉他(她)你已经被美国的一所大学录取,但你苦恼的是自己的听力和口语水平不够,你想寻求他(她)对于如何提高听力和口语的建议。
PartIIReadingComprehension(skimmingandScanning)(15minutes)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.
Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
RobotCarstoDoBattleinDesertRace
When15competitorslinedupinNevadalastyearfortheU.S.DefenseDepartment'sfirstmillion-dollarrobotrace,hopeswerehigh.Thechallenge:
todriveavehiclewithoutahumandriverorremotecontrolsome150miles(241kilometers)throughtheMojaveDesert. Butthosehopesquicklywentupinacloudofdustasmostrobotsbarelymanagedtogetoffthestartingline.Thebestperformer,amodifiedHumveebuiltbyengineersatPennsylvania'sCarnegieMellonUniversity,traveled7miles(11kilometers)beforebreakingdown.
Torobotdevotees(热爱者),however,itwasaminorhiccup.
Nosurprise,then,that43teamsshoweduptotryoutforthisyear'srace,dubbed(被称作)theGrandChallenge.Forthepastweek,teamsrangingfromgarageenthusiaststowell-fundeduniversityengineershavebeenfine-tuningtheirmachinesatqualifyingroundshereattheCaliforniaSpeedwayinFontana,California.(Watchtherobotsinactioninourexclusivevideo.)
Twenty-threefinalistswereannouncedThursdayforSaturday'sGrandChallenge.The175-mile(282-kilometer)coursestartsandfinishesinPrimm,Nevada.
Theracepromisestobeeventougherthanlastyear'srun.But18monthsisaneternityintheroboticsworld,andthetechnologyhasvastlyimproved.
OrganizersbelieveseveralteamshavearealshotoffinishingtheraceinlessthantenhourstoearnthegrandprizeoftwomillionU.S.dollars.
"Whenthefirstteamoutofthechute(斜道)—Mojavaton,asmallteamoutofColorado—madeitsuccessfullyaroundthe2.2-mile(3.5-kilometer)qualificationcourse,Iknewrightthereandthenthatwehadsomethingspecial,"saidRonKurjanowicz,thechiefofstaffforthePentagon'sDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA),whichissponsoringtherace.
UnknownCourse
TheaimoftheGrandChallenge,DefenseDepartmentofficialssay,istospurdevelopmentofautonomousgroundvehiclesthatcanoperateindangerousenvironments,suchaswarzones,keepingsoldiersoutofharm'sway.
AU.S.Congressmandate(训令)requiresthatone-thirdofmilitarygroundvehiclesdrivethemselvesby2015,butthetechnologytomeetthatmandatedoesnotyetexist.
Sothegovernmentlookedtoenterprisingteamstodevelopthetechnologyfordriverlessvehicles,sweeteningitsofferwiththetwo-million-dollarpurse.
Noneofthe23teamsknowswhatliesaheadforthisyear'srace.DARPAwon'trevealtheexactrouteuntiltwohoursbeforethestartoftheraceonSaturday.
ButtheobstaclesontheFontanaqualificationcourse-includingasteel—enforcedtunnelthatwipesoutavehicle'sglobalpositioningsystem—aremadetoresembletherugged,real-lifeconditionsthatthevehicleswillhavetonavigate.
Thevehiclesusesensorssuchaslasers,cameras,andradartohelpthemavoidobstaclessuchasrocksandcliffs.Thecomputer'sbrainhastofigureouthowtoresolveunexpectedconflicts,likeabouldersittinginthemiddleoftheroad.
"ThinkaboutallthedecisionsthatyouandIhavetomakewhenwedrivefromourhousetothestore,"Kurjanowiczsaid."Thesevehicleshavetodothesamething,withoutadriver."
AmongthetopcontendersinSaturday'sraceisTerraMax,amassivetruckoriginallybuiltbytheWisconsin-basedOshkoshTruckCorporationfortheU.S.Marinecorps.
Inlastyear'srace,TerraMaxmanagedtogoonly1.2miles(2kilometers).TeamleaderGarySchmiedelexpectstodomuchbetterthisyear.Hepointedtothenewall-wheelsteeringfeatureonthetruckasanimportantaddition.
"Wecanmovethislarge,15-ton(13.5-metricton)payloadvehicleinaturnthat'sequivalenttothatofaHumvee,"hesaid.
Ghostrider
TheresourcesofteamslikeTerraMaxorCarnegieMellonUniversity,whichhastwovehiclesintheracethisyear,areafarcryfromthoseofsomeoftheothercompetitors,includinginventors,electricians,andevenahighschoolteam.
Oneentry,fromaSouthernCaliforniateamofengineers,racers,andhot-rodders,iscalledItCameFromtheGarage.Ithasabeerkeg(小桶)stuckonthebackandanon-offswitchthatsays"brain."
"Mostoftheschoolsandorganizationswe'reupagainstarejustaccessorizingconventionalvehicles,"saidteamleaderChris"C.J."Pedersen,aformeractor."Our[vehicle]isacustom-built,21st-centuryhotrod...completewithhoodscoopandexhaustcomingofftheside."
AnthonyLevandowski,aroboticsbuilderfromBerkeley,California,isbackwithGhostrider,theonlymotorcyclerobotinthequalifications.Studdedwithsensorsandcomputers,ittoppled(翻倒)overafter3feet(1meter)inlastyear'srace.
Levandowski,whohadtopostponehisgraduatestudieswhenhecouldn'tfindafacultyadvisorwhobelieveditwouldbepossibletobuildthemotorcyclerobot,sayshisvehiclehassomedistinctadvantages.
"We'resmallerandgoalotmoreplaces,"hesaidwhiletinkeringwiththerobotbeforeanothertrialrun."We'realsoalotlessexpensive.Thisbikecostsasmuchasatireorawheelofsomeoftheseotherguys'machines."
SmartMoney
NeitherGhostridernorItCameFromtheGaragemadethefinalcutthisweek'squalifyingraces.
However,anothercrowd-pleaser,Cajunbot—ortheRagin'Cajun—aconvertedall-terrainvehicledevelopedbyateamfromtheUniversityofLouisianainLafayette,did.
ThesmartmoneyinSaturday'sracemaybeonStanley,aconvertedVolkswagenTouaregmadebyateamatCalifornia'sStanfordUniversity.Itwastheonlyvehiclethatdidn'thitanobstacleinthetrialruns.
Evenifnoneofthevehiclesfinishestheracethisyear,DARPA'sKurjanowiczsaid,theeventhassucceededingalvanizingroboticsdevelopersandpushingthecreationofnewtechnologies.
"ThebeautyoftheGrandChallengeisthatitdoesn'ttellpeoplehowtosolvetheproblem,"hesaid."Thecommunityhascomeupwithitsownelegantsolutions."
1.Thepassagemainlydescribestheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofrobotcarraces.
2.Lastyear'srobotraceinNevadawasagreatsuccess.
3.Itisasurprisethatupto43teamscameforthisyear'sracecalledtheGrandChallenge.
4.ThePentagon'sDefenseAdvancedResearchProjectsAgency(DARPA)issponsoringtherace.
5.TheaimoftheGrandChallengeistospurdevelopmentofautonomousgroundvehicles.
6.GhostriderandItCameFromtheGaragebothmadethefinalcutatthisweek'squalifyingraces.
7.TerraMaxwillfinishtheraceandwinthegrandprizeoftwomillionU.S.dollars.
8.TheobstaclesontheFontanaqualificationcoursearemadetoresemblethe________________.
9.Theonlymotorcyclerobotinthequalificationsis________________.
10.Theonlyvehiclethatdidn'thitanobstacleinthetrialrunsis________________.
PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D],anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.[A]Atthedepartmentstore.[C]Intherestaurant.
[B]Attheoffice.[D]Inthedrugstore.
12.[A]Themanshouldn'texpecthertogoalong.
[B]Shedoesn'tthinkshehasenoughmoney.
[C]She'llgoeventhoughthemovieisbad.
[D]Themanshouldcountthenumberofpeoplegoing.
13.[A]Shewasn'treallystudying.
[B]Shehadn'tfinishedwritingherarticles.
[C]Shehadfurnishedherhouse.
[D]Shecouldwritebeautifully.
14.[A]Theproblemmayhavebeenaverycomplicatedone.
[B]Noonecandoit.
[C]Thewomanthinksthattheproblemistooeasy.
[D]Themancansolvetheproblemhimself.
15.[A]Thejanitoristoobusytodohiswork.
[B]Thesanitaryconditionsofanapartment.
[C]Therelationshipbetweenthejanitorandthetwospeakers.
[D]Thearchitectureofabuilding.
16.[A]Hecan'tteareitherpieceofcloth.[C]Thepiecesofclotharemadebyasecretprocess.
[B]Hewantspartofeachpieceofcloth.[D]Thepiecesofclothseemidenticaltohim.
17.[A]Tuesday.[C]Thursday.
[B]Wednesday.[D]Friday.
18.[A]Aphotographer'scamera.[C]Amoviecamera.
[B]Atelevisioncamera.[D]Theman'sowncamera.
Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
19.[A]Memoriesofarecentstorm.[C]WeatherpatternsthatcanaffectFlorida.
[B]Howstrongwindsdevelopintoahurricane.[D]Planningasummervacation.
20.[A]Latesummerissunnyseason.[C]Latesummerisrainyseason.
[B]Latesummerishurricaneseason.[D]Latesummeriscloudyseason.
21.[A]Windspeed.[C]Watertemperature.
[B]Rainfall.[D]Directionofapproach.
22.[A]Byname.[C]Byloca
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