全国高考英语最新模拟题汇编专题05阅读理解 二解析版.docx
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全国高考英语最新模拟题汇编专题05阅读理解 二解析版.docx
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全国高考英语最新模拟题汇编专题05阅读理解二解析版
2021年全国高考英语最新模拟题分类汇编
专题05:
阅读理解
(二)
一、阅读理解01
(2021·陕西咸阳市·高三二模)
Inthepastfewdecades,thewayweshophaschangeddramatically.Weusedtobuyourgoodsintraditionalshops.Now,customersareincreasinglybuyingonline,wheretheycanorderwhatevertheywantdirectlytotheirdoorwiththeclickofamouse.AscompaniesracetoimprovetheirInternetshoppingexperience,thetrendtowardsshoppingonlineispredictedtocontinue.
Mostpeoplecommonlythinkthatonlineshoppingisbetterthanin-storeshopping.Afterall,anonlinestoredoesnotusetheelectricitythatatraditionalstoremightuseanditdoesn'trequirethecustomertodriveanywhere.Soyouwouldthinkthecarbonsavingsmustbesignificant.
TakethetypicalhomedeliveryroundintheUK,forexample.Supermarketdriversoftendo120deliveriesonan80-kilometreround,producing20kilogramsofCO2intotal.Incontrast,a21-kilometredrivetothestoreandbackforonehouseholdwouldgenerate24timesmoreCO2!
However,therealityisslightlymorecomplexthanthat.Manyhomedeliveriesfailthefirsttimeandthedriverhastomakeasecondorthirdattempttodeliverthepurchase.
Thecarbonfootprintalsogoesupifthecustomerchoosestoreturntheitem.AstudyinGermanyshowsthatasmanyasoneinthreeonlinepurchasesarereturned.Accordingtoanotherstudy,merchandiseworthnearly$326millionisreturnedeachyearintheUSA.Twobillionkilogramsofthisendsupinlandfill,leadingto13tonsofCO2beingreleased.
Whenwetakeallthesefactorsintoconsideration,werealizethatonlineshoppingisn'tnecessarilyasgreenaspeoplemightthink.Thereissomepositivenews,asvariousonlineretailersarestartingtolowertheircarbonfootprintbyturningtoelectricdeliveryvehicles.However,thequestionofhowtodealwithreturnsefficientlyandwithoutwasteisachallengethatmanycompanieshavenotwantedtoface,buttheyhavetoshoulderresponsibilities.
1.Whatisacommonbeliefaboutonlineshoppingaccordingtothetext?
A.Itbringsunpleasantchanges.B.Itincreasescompanies'pressure.
C.Itismoreenvironment-friendly.D.Itcostslessthanin-storeshopping.
2.ThedatainParagraph3andParagraph4mainlyshowsthat________.
A.wastefromonlineshoppingshouldberecycled
B.customersshouldthinktwicebeforeshopping
C.someonlineitemsareactuallyofpoorquality
D.onlineshoppingmaycausemuchcarbonfootprint
3.Howdoonlineretailerstrytoreducecarbonfootprint?
A.Bycuttingthedistanceofdelivery.B.Byusingagreenerwayofdelivery.
C.Bychoosingtosellelectricvehicles.D.Byrecyclingtheircustomers'returns.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.BadEnvironmentalImpactofOnlineShopping
B.ShoppingDeliveryIsHarmingtheEnvironment
C.TheAdvantagesandDisadvantagesofShopping
D.OnlineCompaniesCauseMuchCarbonFootprint
【答案】1-4CDBA
【分析】这是一篇说明文。
文章通过具体的数据来说明了网上购物可能会造成很多碳足迹,指出如何有效地处理退货,没有浪费,是很多公司不愿意面对的挑战,但他们必须承担责任。
1.细节理解题。
根据第二段“Mostpeoplecommonlythinkthatonlineshoppingisbetterthanin-storeshopping.Afterall,anonlinestoredoesnotusetheelectricitythatatraditionalstoremightuseanditdoesn'trequirethecustomertodriveanywhere.Soyouwouldthinkthecarbonsavingsmustbesignificant.”可知,人们普遍认为网上购物更环保。
故选C。
2.推理判断题。
根据第三段“TakethetypicalhomedeliveryroundintheUK,forexample.Supermarketdriversoftendo120deliveriesonan80-kilometreround,producing20kilogramsofCO2intotal.Incontrast,a21-kilometredrivetothestoreandbackforonehouseholdwouldgenerate24timesmoreCO2!
However,therealityisslightlymorecomplexthanthat.Manyhomedeliveriesfailthefirsttimeandthedriverhastomakeasecondorthirdattempttodeliverthepurchase.”以及第四段“Thecarbonfootprintalsogoesupifthecustomerchoosestoreturntheitem.AstudyinGermanyshowsthatasmanyasoneinthreeonlinepurchasesarereturned.Accordingtoanotherstudy,merchandiseworthnearly$326millionisreturnedeachyearintheUSA.Twobillionkilogramsofthisendsupinlandfill,leadingto13tonsofCO2beingreleased.”可推知,第3段和第4段的数据主要表明了网上购物可能会造成很多碳足迹。
故选D。
3.细节理解题。
根据最后一段中“Thereissomepositivenews,asvariousonlineretailersarestartingtolowertheircarbonfootprintbyturningtoelectricdeliveryvehicles.”可知,网上零售商可以使用更环保的运输方式来减少碳足迹。
故选B。
4.主旨大意题。
根据最后一段中“Whenwetakeallthesefactorsintoconsideration,werealizethatonlineshoppingisn'tnecessarilyasgreenaspeoplemightthink.”结合文章主要说明了现在,越来越多的顾客在网上购物,人们普遍认为网上购物更环保,然而并非如此。
文章通过具体的数据来说明了网上购物可能会造成很多碳足迹,指出如何有效地处理退货,没有浪费,是很多公司不愿意面对的挑战,但他们必须承担责任。
可知,A选项“网上购物对环境的不良影响”最符合文章标题。
故选A。
二、阅读理解02
(2021·陕西咸阳市·高三二模)
Anewstudyonthelinkbetweenchili(辣椒)anddementia(老年痴呆)maybebadnewsforspicyfoodfansasresearchershavefoundthateatinglotsofchilimaycauseanincreasedriskofdementia.
Thestudy,ledbyZuminShi,associateprofessorattheCollegeofHealthSciencesofQatarUniversity,analyzed4,582Chineseadultsaged55andabovebetween1991and2006andfoundevidenceoffastercognitive(认知)declineinthosewhoconsistentlyatemorethan50gramsofchiliaday.
“ChiliisoneofthemostcommonlyusedspicesintheworldandparticularlypopularinAsiacomparedtoEuropeancountries,”Lisaidinthepressrelease.“IncertainregionsofChina,suchasSichuanandHunan,almostoneinthreeadultsconsumespicyfoodeveryday.”
“Chiliconsumptionwasfoundtobebeneficialtobodyweightandbloodpressureinourpreviousstudies.However,inthisstudy,wefoundnegativeeffectsoncognitionamongolderadults,“ShisaidinapressreleasepublishedonTuesday.
Chiliintakeincludedbothfreshanddriedchilipeppersbutnotsweetcapsicumsorblackpeppers,explainedMingLioftheUniversityofSouthAustralia,anauthorofthestudy.Capsaicinistheactivecomponentinchiliwhichreportedlyspeedsupmetabolism(新陈代谢)andfatloss,andinhibitsvasculardisorders(抑制血管紊乱),butthisisthefirstlongitudinal(纵向的)studytoinvestigatetheassociationbetweenchiliintakeandcognitivefunction,researcherssaid.Theresearcherssaidpeopleofnormalbodyweightmaybemoresensitivetochiliintakethanoverweightpeopleandsotheirmemoryandweightsufferalot.
Worldwide,around50millionpeoplehavedementia,andAlzheimer'sdiseaseisthemostcommonformthatmaycontributeto60to70percentofthecases,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Atpresent,notreatmentcancuredementiaorchangeitsprogressivecourse.
5.WhatisParagraph3about?
A.Theplantingofchili.B.Thepopularityofchili.
C.Thebadeffectsofchili.D.Thecustomofeatingchili.
6.Whoaremostlikelytosufferfromeatinglotsofchili?
A.Overweightseniors.B.Overweightteenagers.
C.Seniorsofnormalbodyweight.D.Teenagersofnormalbodyweight.
7.Accordingtothepassage,chiliconsumptionisfoundtobeharmfulto________.
A.bodyweightB.bloodpressureC.cognitiveabilitiesD.metabolism
8.Whatdoesthepassagetalkabout?
A.Eatingchilicausesdementia.
B.Chiliisthemaincauseofdementia.
C.Avoidingchilicouldhelpdementia.
D.Eatingtoomuchspicyfoodmightcausedementia.
【答案】5-8BCCD
【分析】这是一篇说明文。
文章主要介绍了一项研究发现,吃太多辣椒可能导致痴呆症。
5.主旨大意题。
根据第三段中““ChiliisoneofthemostcommonlyusedspicesintheworldandparticularlypopularinAsiacomparedtoEuropeancountries,”Lisaidinthepressrelease.“IncertainregionsofChina,suchasSichuanandHunan,almostoneinthreeadultsconsumespicyfoodeveryday.””可知,本段主要讲了辣椒的受欢迎程度。
故选B项。
6.推理判断题。
根据倒数第二段中“Theresearcherssaidpeopleofnormalbodyweightmaybemoresensitivetochiliintakethanoverweightpeopleandsotheirmemoryandweightsufferalot.”和第二段“Thestudy,ledbyZuminShi,associateprofessorattheCollegeofHealthSciencesofQatarUniversity,analyzed4,582Chineseadultsaged55andabovebetween1991and2006andfoundevidenceoffastercognitive(认知)declineinthosewhoconsistentlyatemorethan50gramsofchiliaday.”可知,体重正常的55岁以上的人吃很多辣椒最有可能受到影响。
故选C项。
7.细节理解题。
根据第二段“Thestudy,ledbyZuminShi,associateprofessorattheCollegeofHealthSciencesofQatarUniversity,analyzed4,582Chineseadultsaged55andabovebetween1991and2006andfoundevidenceoffastercognitive(认知)declineinthosewhoconsistentlyatemorethan50gramsofchiliaday.”可知,食用辣椒对认知能力有害。
故选C项。
8.主旨大意题。
文章第一段总领全文,所以通过第一段“Anewstudyonthelinkbetweenchili(辣椒)anddementia(老年痴呆)maybebadnewsforspicyfoodfansasresearchershavefoundthateatinglotsofchilimaycauseanincreasedriskofdementia.”可知,本文主要说明新的研究发现爱吃辣椒的人患老年痴呆的风险更大。
故选D。
三、阅读理解03
(2021·湖北黄冈市·高三一模)
Frenchchildren15andunderwillnolongerbeallowedtobringsmartdevicestoschool.LawmakersinFrancevotedrecentlytobanallphones,tablets,andotherInternet﹣connecteddevicesfromschoolgrounds.ThebanwillstartinSeptember,“Thesedays,thechildrendon'tplayatbreaktimeanymore,”Jean-MichelBlanquer,France'seducationminister,said.“Theyarejustallinfrontoftheirsmartphones,andfromaneducationalpointofview,that'saproblem.Somestrictmeasuresmustbetakenimmediately.”A2010lawbadalreadybannedsmartphonesduring"allteachingactivity"inFrance.Butthenewrulessaysmartphonesandtabletsarenotallowedevenduringbreaks.Studentswhobringthesedigitaldevicestoschoolhavetokeepthemintheirbackpacksandturnedoff,Iftheywanttocalltheirparents,schoolswillhelp.However,thenewlawdoesn’tforbidstudentstoturntothemduringextra-curricularactivities.Italsomakesanexceptionfordisabledstudents.
AlexisCorbiereisaFrenchpolitician.Hesaidtheefforttomakesuchalawshouldhavebeenputtosomethingelsebecauseteachershavealreadyca
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