国际生物奥赛试题A卷.docx
- 文档编号:17063966
- 上传时间:2023-07-21
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:62
- 大小:994.14KB
国际生物奥赛试题A卷.docx
《国际生物奥赛试题A卷.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《国际生物奥赛试题A卷.docx(62页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
国际生物奥赛试题A卷
16thInternationalBiologyOlympiad
Beijing
July,2005
THEORYEXAMINATION
Part1
理論題第一部分
Totaltimeavailable:
2.5hours(150minutes)時間150分鐘
Totalpointsavailable:
~80
GENERALINSTRUCTIONS
一般指示
Pleasecheckthatyouhavetheappropriateexaminationpapersandanswersheets.
先檢查你的試卷及答案紙是否正確
Itisrecommendedthatyoumanageyourtimeinproportiontothepointsallottedforeachquestion.建議你依各題的配分來分配時間
IMPORTANT
重要
Usetheanswersheetsprovidedtorecordyouranswers.
必須以答案紙紀錄答案
Ensureyournameandthreedigitcodenumberiswrittenonthetopofeachpageoftheanswersheets.
確認你三位數字的選手編號已劃記在答案紙上
Usethe2Bpencilprovidedtofillinthemarksenseiconsontheanswersheet.
須以所提供的2B鉛筆在答案卡上填答
.
1.Variousforcesareimportanttotheinteractionscontributingtothetertiarystructureofaprotein.Thefigurebelowisadiagramshowingseveralpossibleinteractions.Pleasematchthenumberedinteractionswithcorrectnames.(1point)
有的作用力對蛋白質的三度空間構造極為重要,下圖中的數字顯示幾種作用力。
請將其正確名稱填入表中。
A.
hydrogenbond
氫鍵
B.
Hydrophobicinteraction
厭水作用
C.
Peptidebond
肽鍵
D.
Disulphidebond
雙硫鍵
E.
Ionicbond
離子鍵
Interactions作用力
Answer:
A-E
1
A
2
B
3
D
4
E
2.Whichofthefollowingis/areNOTcorrectaboutcytokinesisofplantcells?
(1point)
有關植物細胞的胞質分裂,下列敘述何者錯誤?
(1)Plantcellsformcellplates植物細胞形成細胞板
(2)Cytokinesiscanstartduringmitosis胞質分裂可在有絲分裂中開始
(3)Plantcellshavecontractingring植物細胞具有收縮環
(4)Membranefusionconnectscellplateandcytoplasmicmembraneofmothercell.
膜的融合聯繫母細胞的細胞板及細胞膜
(5)Golgiapparatusdoesnotparticipatecytokinesisofaplantcelluntiltwodaughtercellsareformed.在兩個子細胞完成前,高基氏體不參與植物細胞的胞質分裂
A.1,2,4,
B.3
C.3,5
D.4,5
E.4
3.DNAligaseisanimportantenzymethatconnectsDNAfragments.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueaboutDNAligase?
(1point)
DNA連接酶是連接DNA片段的重要酵素,下列有關DNA連接酶的敘述,何者正確?
(1)ItisimportanttoDNAreplicationprocess
它對DNA複製過程重要
(2)Itisimportantinmolecularcloning
它在分子轉殖過程中重要
(3)ItrequiresDNAfragmentshavestickyends
DNA片段必須要有黏性端
(4)ItcouldcutDNAmoleculesinthepresenceofATPandMg2+.
在有ATP及Mg2+的存在下,它能切割DNA分子
(5)ItrequiresATPforitsfunctionbecausethe3’-hydroxylgroupofaDNAfragmentneedstobephosphorylatedbeforetheDNAmoleculescouldbeligated.
它需要有ATP以執行功能,因為DNA分子連接前DNA片
段之3’-OH基必須磷酸化
A.1,2,3
B.2,3,5.C.1,2
D.1,5
E.1,2,4
Questions4-6:
Checkpointsinthecellcycleareveryimportantinregulationofcellcycle.Thefollowingthreequestionsareaboutthecellscyclesandcheckpoints.細胞週期中的檢查點對調節細胞週期很重要,以下是相關的三個問題:
4.Twoanimalcellsatdifferentphaseincellcyclecanbeinducedtofusetoformasinglecellwithtwonuclei.Thissystemprovidesaveryusefultoolforstudyingcellcycle.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?
(1point)
處在不同細胞週期的兩個細胞核可藉融合而成為一個細胞,此系統為研究細胞
週期提供了有用的工具,下列敘述何者正確?
A.WhenacellinMphaseisfusedwithacellinG1phase,thenucleusinMphasestopstheprocessofmitosis.
當處在M期與G1期的兩個細胞融合時,原M期的細胞核停止分裂過程
B.WhenacellinMphaseisfusedwithacellinG2phase,thenucleusinG2phasestartsmitosisprocess.
當處在M期與G2期的兩個細胞融合時,原G2期的細胞核開始分裂過程
C.WhenacellinG2phaseisfusedwithacellinG1phase,bothnucleistartmitosisprocess.
當處在G2期與G1期的兩個細胞融合時,兩個細胞核都開始分裂過程
D.WhenacellinMphaseisfusedwithacellinG1phase,thenucleusinG1phasestartsDNAsynthesis.
當處在M期與G1期的兩個細胞融合時,G1期的細胞核開始DNA合成
5.Whichofthefollowingaretrueaboutcheckpointsincellcycle?
(1point)
下列有關細胞週期檢查點的敘述,何者正確?
(1)IfacellinG1phasedoesnotreceiveasignalattheG1
checkpoint,thecellusuallygoesintoG0phase.
一個G1期的細胞在G1檢查點若未收到信號,通常會進入
G0期
A.1,2
B.1,3,C.1,3,4
D.2,3,4
E.1,5
(2)AcellmustreceiveasignalatG2checkpointtogointomitosis.
一細胞必須在G2檢查點收到信號,才會進入分裂期
(3)AcellmustreceiveasignalatMcheckpointtogointomitosis.
一細胞必須在M檢查點收到信號,才會進入分裂期
(4)Theproteinfactorsthatcontrolcheckpointsincellcyclearemostlypresentinnuclei.控制細胞週期檢查點的蛋白質因子多存在於核內
(5)Cellcycleinunicellularorganismsdoesnothavecheckpoints.
單細胞生物的細胞週期中沒有檢查點
6.Incloningthefirstmammal,researchersusedmammarycellasadonorofnucleusand
fuseditwithanucleus-lessegg.Whichofthefollowingiscorrect?
(1point)在複製第一隻哺乳動物時,科學家用了一個乳房細胞的核與另一去核的卵細胞融合,下列何者正確?
A.ThemammarycellwasinG1phase該乳房細胞是在G1期B.ThemammarycellwasinG2phase該乳房細胞是在G2期C.ThemammarycellwasinSphase該乳房細胞是在S期D.ThemammarycellwasinMphase該乳房細胞是在M期E.ThemammarycellwasinG0phase該乳房細胞是在G0期
7.Cyanobacteria(blue-greenalgae)areagroupofveryimportantbacteriathatperform
photosynthesis.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueaboutcyanobacteria.(1point)
藍綠菌(藍綠藻)是一群能行光合作用的重要細菌,下列有關藍綠菌的敘述,何者正確?
(1)Theyaregram-negativebacteria
是革蘭氏陰性細菌
(2)Theyproduceoxygeninphotosynthesis
其光合作用是產生氧
(3)Allcyanobacteriacanfixnitrogen
所有藍綠菌均能固氮
(4)Somecyanobacteriacanlivewithfungisymbiotically
有些藍綠菌能與真菌共生
(5)Theblue-greencolorofcyanobacteriacomessolelyfromchlorophyll
藍綠菌的藍綠色只來自於葉綠素
A.Allarecorrect全都正確
B.1,2,3,4
C.1,2,3
D.1,2,4
E.1,2
Questions8-9areaboutbiotechnologyoftransgenicorganismsorgeneticallymodifiedorganisms(GMO).
問題8~9提到有關基因改造生物(GMO)的生物科技
8.Increating“goldenrice”thatproducesbetacarotenesinricekernels,thegenesresponsibleforbetacarotenesynthesisaretransformed.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrue?
(1point)
為了製造具帶有b-胡蘿蔔素的黃金米,合成b-胡蘿蔔素的基因被轉植入稻米
中,下列有關此改造過程的敘述何者正確?
(1)Theresearcherusednormalricefortransformation
科學家用一般稻米進行轉形作用
(2)TheresearcherusedTiplasmidfortransformation
科學家使用Ti質體進行轉形作用
(3)Theresearcherusedadicotplantfortransformationfirstfollowedbycrossingbetweenthedicotplantandriceplant
科學家先用雙子葉植物進行首次轉形作用,再利用其與稻
米雜交
(4)Goldenricehasahighernutritionalvaluethannormalrice
黃金米較一般稻米更具營養價值
(5)BesideAgrobacterium,theresearcheralsousedanotherbacterium,Escherichiacoliinconstructionoftransformingvectors.
除了土壤桿菌Agrobacterium外,科學家也用大腸桿菌來製造轉形作用所需的載體
A.Allarecorrect全部正確
B.1,2,4,5
C.1,2,3
D.1,2
E.1,3,4,5
9.WhenaDNAfragmentundercontrolofapromoterwastransformedintotobaccoplantswithTiplasmid,thetransgenicplantsshowedaloweractivityofCO2fixation.BiochemicalexaminationfoundthatthetransgenicplanthadaloweramountofRubisco,akeyenzymeforCalvincycle.Whichofthefollowingis/arelikelytobethereason(s)forthephenotype?
(1point)
(1)TheDNAfragmentwastransformedintochloroplastsandresultedininterferencewithchloroplasttranscription.
(2)GeneticexchangebetweenthetransformedDNAfragmentandhostchromosomalDNAresultedininsertionofTiplasmidintochromosome,leadingtoalowerexpressionofRubiscogenes
(3)ThetransformedDNAfragmentinterferednormaltranscriptionofthegeneencodinglargesubunitofRubisco
(4)ThetransformedDNAfragmentinterferednormaltranscriptionofthegeneencodingsmallsubunitofRubisco
(5)ThetransformedDNAfragmentencodedacytoplasmicprotein
thatpreventsRubiscoactivationbybicarbonate.
A.1,2,5
B.1,3,4
C.1,4,D.4,
E.3
10.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueaboutendosymbiosis?
(1point)
下列有關內共生的敘述,何者正確?
(1)Bothplastidandlysozomeareproductsofendosymbiosis
質體與溶體均為內共生的產物
A.1,3,5
B.1,2
C.2,4
D.2
E.4
(2)Aeukaryoticcellscouldengulfanothereukaryoticcellstoestablishsymbioticrelationship真核細胞能吞噬其他的真核細胞以建立共生的關係
(3)Cyanobacteriaareancestorsofplastidsandmitochondria
藍綠菌為質體與粒線體祖先
(4)Cyanobacterialosttheirchlorophyllbgeneinendosymbiosis.
內共生使藍綠菌失去其葉綠素b的基因
(5)Flagellaofsomeeukaryoticcellsarederivedfromcyanobacteria
有些真核細胞的鞭毛是來自藍綠菌
11.Whichofthefollowinggraphscorrectlydisplaystherelationshipofbloodflowvelocity
inhumansasthebloodflowsfromtheaorta→arteries→arterioles→capillaries→
venules→veins→venaecavae:
(1point)
血液流動方向為動脈弓→大動脈→小動脈→微血管→小靜脈→大靜脈→靜脈腔,那個圖能正確表示出在人類不同心血管構造中血液流動速率的變化?
AD
B
E
C
12.Loweringthelevelofahedgewithahedgetrimmerstimulatesthehedgetobecomebushybecause:
(1point)修剪樹籬,降低其高度可使樹籬更加枝繁葉茂,這是因爲:
A.Itstimulatestheproductionofethylenegas.加速乙烯的産生
B.Removingtheapicalmeristemsmakesmoreauxin,whichstimulateslateralbranchbudstogrow.去除其頂端分生組織會産生更多生長素,而加速側枝生長
C.Removingtheapicalmeristemsmakeslessethylene,whichstimulateslateralbranchestogrow
去除頂端分生組織使乙烯變少,而加速側枝生長
D.Removingtheapicalmeristemsresultsinlessauxin,whichthenallowslateralbranchestogrow.
去除頂端分生組織導致生長素減少,使側枝生長
E.Removingthelateralbudsresultsinapicaldominanceundertheinfluenceofcytokinins
去除側芽會影響細胞分裂素而導致頂端優勢
13.Whichofthefollowingis/aretrueabouttelomeres?
(1point)
下列有關端粒的敘述,何者正確?
(1)TelomeresarepresentinallDNAineukaryoticcells
端粒存在於所有真核生物細胞的DNA中
(2)Telomeresarepresentinbacterialplasmids
端粒存在於細菌的質體中
(3)Telomeresarerequiredforreplicationforkformation
複製叉的形成需要端粒
(4)Telomeresarespecificsequencespresentineukaryoticchromomes
端粒為特定的序列出現於真核生物的染色體中
(5)Telomeresarerequiredformaintainingchromosomallength
染色體長度的維持需要端粒
A.1,3,5,
B.3,4,5
C.4,5
D.2
E.3
14.Forterrestrialandmostaquaticenvironments,neitheranimalnorplantlifecouldexistwithoutthemetabolic"services"providedby:
(1point)在陸生及大多數水生的環境中,缺少何者的代謝「服務」,動植物無法存活?
A.Chemoheterotrophs化學異營菌
B.extremophilearchaeans嗜極端古菌類
C.Fungi真菌
D.H
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 国际 生物 试题