课标版高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专练科普环保类.docx

课标版高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专练科普环保类.docx

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课标版高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专练科普环保类

阅读理解专练（科普环保类）

Passage1（2016四川,D）

Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight’ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.

Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin（褪黑激素）,whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.

Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.

Thosegivennightmilk,whichcontained10timestheamountofmelatonin,werelessactiveandlessanxiousthanthosefedwiththemilkcollectedduringdaytime,accordingtothestudypublishedinTheJournalofMedicinalFood.

Nightmilkquickenedthestartofsleepandcausedthemicetosleeplonger.

Whiletheeffectofcowsmilkharvestedatdifferenttimehasnotbeentestedonhumansuptonow,takingmelatonindrugshasbeensuggestedtothosewhoarestrugglingtofallasleepatnight.

Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.

Milkisalsosugar-freeandadditive-freewithnutritionistsrecommendingskimmedmilkasthebestchoicebeforebedasitistheleastfattening.Themorefatyoutakeinbeforebedtime,thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.

1.Accordingtothetext,themicefedwithdaytimemilk　　　. 

A.startedsleepmoreeasilyB.weremoreanxious

C.werelessactiveD.wokeuplater

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofmelatoninaccordingtothetext?

A.It’sbeentestedonmicefortentimes.

B.Itcanmakepeoplemoreenergetic.

C.Itexistsinmilkingreatamount.

D.It’susedinsleepingdrugs.

3.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.NightMilkandSleep

B.Fat,SugarandHealth

C.AnExperimentonMice

D.MilkDrinkingandHealth

4.Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?

A.Bygivingexamples.

B.Bystatingarguments.

C.Byexplainingstatisticaldata.

D.Byprovidingresearchresults.

Passage2（2017课标全国Ⅲ,C）

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf—grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被）,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU.S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.

1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B.PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.

C.Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.

D.ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?

A.Tested.B.Separated.

C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.

3.Whatdidthedisappearanceofgraywolvesbringabout?

A.Damagetolocalecology.

B.Adeclineinthepark’sincome.

C.Preservationofvegetation.

D.Anincreaseinthevarietyofanimals.

4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.D.Uncaring.

Passage3（2017课标全国Ⅱ,D）

Whenaleafyplantisunderattack,itdoesn’tsitquietly.Backin1983,twoscientists,JackSchultzandIanBaldwin,reportedthatyoungmapletreesgettingbittenbyinsectssendoutaparticularsmellthatneighboringplantscanget.Thesechemicalscomefromtheinjuredpartsoftheplantandseemtobeanalarm.Whattheplantspumpthroughtheairisamixtureofchemicalsknownasvolatileorganiccompounds,VOCsforshort.

ScientistshavefoundthatallkindsofplantsgiveoutVOCswhenbeingattacked.It’saplant’swayofcryingout.Butisanyonelistening?

Apparently.Becausewecanwatchtheneighborsreact.

Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodoubleduty.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch. 

Instudyafterstudy,itappearsthatthesechemicalconversationshelptheneighbors.Thedamageisusuallymoreseriousonthefirstplant,buttheneighbors,relativelyspeaking,staysaferbecausetheyheardthealarmandknewwhattodo.

Doesthismeanthatplantstalktoeachother?

Scientistsdon’tknow.Maybethefirstplantjustmadeacryofpainorwassendingamessagetoitsownbranches,andso,ineffect,wastalkingtoitself.Perhapstheneighborsjusthappenedto“overhear”thecry.Soinformationwasexchanged,butitwasn’tatrue,intentionalbackandforth.

CharlesDarwin,over150yearsago,imaginedaworldfarbusier,noisierandmoreintimate（亲密的）thantheworldwecanseeandhear.Oursensesareweak.There’sawholelotgoingon.

1.Whatdoesaplantdowhenitisunderattack?

A.Itmakesnoises.

B.Itgetshelpfromotherplants.

C.Itstandsquietly.

D.Itsendsoutcertainchemicals.

2.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”inparagraph3?

A.Theattackersgetattacked.

B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.

C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.

D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.

3.Scientistsfindfromtheirstudiesthatplantscan　　　. 

A.predictnaturaldisasters

B.protectthemselvesagainstinsects

C.talktooneanotherintentionally

D.helptheirneighborswhennecessary

4.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

A.Theworldischangingfasterthanever.

B.Peoplehavestrongersensesthanbefore.

C.Theworldismorecomplexthanitseems.

D.PeopleinDarwin’stimeweremoreimaginative.

Passage4（2016北京,C）

CaliforniaCondor’sShockingRecovery

CaliforniacondorsareNorthAmerica’slargestbirds,withwing-lengthofupto3meters.Inthe1980s,electricallinesandleadpoisoning（铅中毒）nearlydrovethemtodyingout.Now,electricshocktrainingandmedicaltreatmentarehelpingtorescuethesebigbirds.

Inthelate1980s,thelastfewcondorsweretakenfromthewildtobebred（繁殖）.Since1992,therehavebeenmultiplereintroductionstothewild,andtherearenowmorethan150flyingoverCaliforniaandnearbyArizona,UtahandBajainMexico.

Electricallineshavebeenkillingthemoff.“Astheygointorestforthenight,theyjustdon’tseethepowerlines,”saysBruceRideoutofSanDiegoZoo.Theirwingscanbridgethegapbetweenlines,resultinginelectrocution（电死）iftheytouchtwolinesatonce.

Soscientistshavecomeupwithashockingidea.Tallpoles,placedinlargetrainingareas,teachthebirdstostayclearofelectricallinesbygivingthemapainfulbutundeadlyelectricshock.Beforethetrainingwasintroduced,66%ofset-freebirdsdiedofelectrocution.Thishasnowdroppedto18%.

Leadpoisoninghasprovedmoredifficulttodealwith.Whencondorseatdeadbodiesofotheranimalscontaininglead,theyabsorblargequantitiesoflead.Thisaffectstheirnervoussystemsandabilitytoproducebabybirds,andcanleadtokidney（肾）failureanddeath.SocondorswithhighlevelsofleadaresenttoLosAngelesZoo,wheretheyaretreatedwithcalciumEDTA,achemicalthatremovesleadfromthebloodoverseveraldays.Thisworkisstartingtopayoff.Theannualdeathrateforadultcondorshasdroppedfrom38%in2000to5.4%in2011.

Rideout’steamthinksthattheCaliforniacondors’averagesurvivaltimeinthewildisnowjustundereightyears.“Althoughthesemeasuresarenoteffectiveforever,theyarevitalfornow,”hesays.“Theyaretrulygoodbirdsthatarewortheveryeffortweputintorecoveringthem.”

1.Californiacondorsattractresearchers’interestbecausethey　　　. 

A.areactiveatnight

B.hadtobebredinthewild

C.arefoundonlyinCalifornia

D.almostdiedoutinthe1980s

2.Researchershavefoundelectricallinesare　　　. 

A.blockingcondors’journeyhome

B.bigkillersofCaliforniacondors

C.restplacesforcondorsatnight

D.usedtokeepcondorsaway

3.AccordingtoParagraph5,leadpoisoning　　　. 

A.makescondorstoonervoustofly

B.haslittleeffectoncondors’kidneys

C.canhardlybegottenridoffromcondors’blood

D.makesitdifficultforcondorstoproducebabybirds

4.Thispassageshowsthat　　　. 

A.theaveragesurvivaltimeofcondorsissatisfactory

B.Rideout’sresearchinterestliesinelectricengineering

C.theeffortstoprotectcondorshavebroughtgoodresults

D.researchershavefoundthefinalanswe