杜鲁门主义的英文演讲稿.docx
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杜鲁门主义的英文演讲稿.docx
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杜鲁门主义的英文演讲稿
杜鲁门主义的英文演讲稿
TheTrumanDoctrinespeechbyHarrySTruman
Mr.President,Mr.Speaker,MembersoftheCongressoftheUnitedStates.
ThegravityofthesituationwhichconfrontstheworldtodaynecessitatesmyappearancebeforeajointsessionoftheCongress.Theforeignpolicyandthenationalsecurityofthiscountryareinvolved.
Oneaspectofthepresentsituation,whichIpresenttoyouatthistimeforyourconsiderationanddecision,concernsGreeceandTurkey.
TheUnitedStateshasreceivedfromtheGreekGovernmentanurgentappealforfinancialandeconomicassistance.PreliminaryreportsfromtheAmericanEconomicMissionnowinGreececorroboratethestatementoftheGreekGovernmentthatassistanceisimperativeifGreeceistosurviveasafreenation.
IdonotbelievethattheAmericanpeopleandtheCongresswishtoturnadeafeartotheappealoftheGreekGovernment.
Greeceisnotarichcountry.LackofsufficientnaturalresourceshasalwaysforcedtheGreekpeopletoworkhardtomakebothendsmeet.Since1940,thisindustrious,peacelovingcountryhassufferedinvasion,fouryearsofcruelenemyoccupation,andbitterinternalstrife.
WhenforcesofliberationenteredGreecetheyfoundthattheretreatingGermanshaddestroyedvirtuallyalltherailways,roads,portfacilities,communications,andmerchantmarine.Morethanathousandvillageshadbeenburned.Eighty-fivepercentofthechildrenweretubercular.Livestock,poultry,anddraftanimalshadalmostdisappeared.Inflationhadwipedoutpracticallyallsavings.
Asaresultofthesetragicconditions,amilitantminority,exploitinghumanwantandmisery,wasabletocreatepoliticalchaoswhich,untilnow,hasmadeeconomicrecoveryimpossible.
Greeceistodaywithoutfundstofinancetheimportationofthosegoodswhichareessentialtobaresubsistence.UnderthesecircumstancesthepeopleofGreececannotmakeprogressinsolvingtheirproblemsofreconstruction.Greeceisindesperateneedoffinancialandeconomicassistancetoenableittoresumepurchasesoffood,clothing,fuelandseeds.Theseareindispensableforthesubsistenceofitspeopleandareobtainableonlyfromabroad.Greecemusthavehelptoimportthegoodsnecessarytorestoreinternalorderandsecuritysoessentialforeconomicandpoliticalrecovery.
TheGreekGovernmenthasalsoaskedfortheassistanceofexperiencedAmericanadministrators,economistsandtechnicianstoinsurethatthefinancialandotheraidgiventoGreeceshallbeusedeffectivelyincreatingastableandself-sustainingeconomyandinimprovingitspublicadministration.
TheveryexistenceoftheGreekstateistodaythreatenedbytheterroristactivitiesofseveralthousandarmedmen,ledbyCommunists,whodefythegovernment’sauthorityatanumberofpoints,particularlyalongthenorthernboundaries.ACommissionappointedbytheUnitedNationsSecurityCouncilisatpresentinvestigatingdisturbedconditionsinnorthernGreeceandallegedborderviolationsalongthefrontierbetweenGreeceontheonehandandAlbania,Bulgaria,andYugoslaviaontheother.
Meanwhile,theGreekGovernmentisunabletocopewiththesituation.TheGreekarmyissmallandpoorlyequipped.ItneedssuppliesandequipmentifitistorestoreauthoritytothegovernmentthroughoutGreekterritory.
Greecemusthaveassistanceifitistobecomeaself-supportingandself-respectingdemocracy.
TheUnitedStatesmustsupplythisassistance.WehavealreadyextendedtoGreececertaintypesofreliefandeconomicaidbuttheseareinadequate.ThereisnoothercountrytowhichdemocraticGreececanturn.
NoothernationiswillingandabletoprovidethenecessarysupportforademocraticGreekgovernment.
TheBritishGovernment,whichhasbeenhelpingGreece,cangivenofurtherfinancialoreconomicaidafterMarch31.GreatBritainfindsitselfunderthenecessityofreducingorliquidatingitscommitmentsinseveralpartsoftheworld,includingGreece.
WehaveconsideredhowtheUnitedNationsmightassistinthiscrisis.Butthesituationisanurgentonerequiringimmediateaction,andtheUnitedNationsanditsrelatedorganizationsarenotinapositiontoextendhelpofthekindthatisrequired.
ItisimportanttonotethattheGreekGovernmenthasaskedforouraidinutilizingeffectivelythefinancialandotherassistancewemaygivetoGreece,andinimprovingispublicadministration.ItisoftheutmostimportancethatwesupervisetheuseofanyfundsmadeavailabletoGreece,insuchamannerthateachdollarspentwillcounttowardmakingGreeceself-supporting,andwillhelptobuildaneconomyinwhichahealthydemocracycanflourish.
Nogovernmentisperfect.Oneofthechiefvirtuesofademocracy,however,isthatitsdefectsarealwaysvisibleandunderdemocraticprocessescanbepointedoutandcorrected.ThegovernmentofGreeceisnotperfect.Neverthelessitrepresents85percentofthemembersoftheGreekParliamentwhowerechoseninanelectionlastyear.Foreignobservers,including692Americans,consideredthiselectiontobeafairexpressionoftheviewsoftheGreekpeople.
TheGreekGovernmenthasbeenoperatinginanatmosphereofchaosandextremism.Ithasmademistakes.TheextensionofaidbythiscountrydoesnotmeanthattheUnitedStatescondoneseverythingtheGreekGovernmenthasdoneorwilldo.Wehavecondemnedinthepast,andwecondemnnow,extremistmeasuresoftherightortheleft.Wehaveinthepastadvisedtolerance,andweadvisetolerancenow.
Greece’sneighbour,Turkey,alsodeservesourattention.
ThefutureofTurkeyasanindependentandeconomicallysoundstateisclearlynolessimportanttothefreedom-lovingpeoplesoftheworldthanthefutureofGreece.ThecircumstancesinwhichTurkeyfindsitselftodayareconsiderablydifferentfromthoseofGreece.TurkeyhasbeensparedthedisastersthathavebesetGreece.Andduringthewar,theUnitedStatesandGreatBritainfurnishedTurkeywithmaterialaid.
Nevertheless,Turkeynowneedsoursupport.
SincethewarTurkeyhassoughtadditionalfinancialassistancefromGreatBritainandtheUnitedStatesforthepurposeofeffectingthatmodernizationnecessaryforthemaintenanceofitsnationalintegrity.
ThatintegrityisessentialtothepreservationoforderintheMiddleEast.
TheBritishGovernmenthasinformedusthat,owingtoitsowndifficulties,itcannolongerextendfinancialoreconomicaidtoTurkey.
AsinthecaseofGreece,ifTurkeyistohavetheassistanceitneeds,theUnitedStatesmustsupplyit.Wearetheonlycountryabletoprovidethathelp.
IamfullyawareofthebroadimplicationsinvolvediftheUnitedStatesextendsassistancetoGreeceandTurkey,andIshalldiscusstheseimplicationswithyouatthistime.
OneoftheprimaryobjectivesoftheforeignpolicyoftheUnitedStatesisthecreationofconditionsinwhichweandothernationswillbeabletoworkoutawayoflifefreefromcoercion.ThiswasafundamentalissueinthewarwithGermanyandJapan.Ourvictorywaswonovercountrieswhichsoughttoimposetheirwill,andtheirwayoflife,uponothernations.
Toensurethepeacefuldevelopmentofnations,freefromcoercion,theUnitedStateshastakenaleadingpartinestablishingtheUnitedNations.TheUnitedNationsisdesignedtomakepossiblelastingfreedomandindependenceforallitsmembers.Weshallnotrealizeourobjectives,however,unlesswearewillingtohelpfreepeoplestomaintaintheirfreeinstitutionsandtheirnationalintegrityagainstaggressivemovementsthatseektoimposeuponthemtotalitarianregimes.Thisisnomorethanafrankrecognitionthattotalitarianregimesimposeduponfreepeoples,bydirectorindirectaggression,underminethefoundationsofinternationalpeaceandhencethesecurityoftheUnitedStates.
Thepeoplesofanumberofcountriesoftheworldhaverecentlyhadtotalitarianregimesforceduponthemagainsttheirwill.TheGovernmentoftheUnitedStateshasmadefrequentprotestsagainstcoercionandintimidation,inviolationoftheYaltaAgreement,inPoland,Rumania,andBulgaria.Imustalsostatethatinanumberofothercountriestherehavebeensimilardevelopments.
Atthepresentmomentinworldhistorynearlyeverynationmustchoosebetweenalternativewaysoflife.Thechoiceistoooftennotafreeone.
Onewayoflifeisbaseduponthewillofthemajority,andisdistinguishedbyfreeinstitutions,representativegovernment,freeelections,guaranteesofindividualliberty,freedomofspeechandreligion,andfreedomfrompoliticaloppression.
Thesecondwayoflifeisbaseduponthewillofaminorityforciblyimposeduponthemajority.Itreliesuponterrorandoppression,acontrolledpressandradio,fixedelections,andthesuppressionofpersonalfreedoms.
IbelievethatitmustbethepolicyoftheUnitedStatestosupportfreepeopleswhoareresistingattemptedsubjugationbyarmedminoritiesorbyoutsidepressures.
Ibelievethatwemustassistfreepeoplestoworkouttheirowndestiniesintheirownway.
Ibelievethatourhelpshouldbeprimarilythrougheconomicandfinancialaidwhichisessentialtoeconomicstabilityandorderlypoliticalprocesses.
Theworldisnotstatic,andthestatusquoisnotsacred.ButwecannotallowchangesinthestatusquoinviolationoftheCharteroftheUnitedNationsbysuchmethodsascoercion,orbysuchsubterfugesaspoliticalinfiltration.Inhelpingfreeandindependentnationstomaintaintheirfreedom,theUnitedStateswillbegivingeffecttotheprinciplesoftheCharteroftheUnitedNations.
Itisnecessaryonlytoglanceatamaptorealizethatthesurvival
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