完型阅读.docx
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完型阅读.docx
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完型阅读
练习1
完型填空
WilliamWordsworthwrotethat“thehumanmindiscapableofexcitementwithouttheapplicationofviolentstimulants(刺激)”.Anditappearsthatsimplyreadingthosewordsproveshis1.
ResearchersattheUniversityofLiverpoolfoundtheworksofShakespeareandWordsworthand3hadabeneficialeffectonthemind.Itcan2thereader’sattentionandtriggermomentsofself-reflection.
Usingscanners,they4thebrainactivityofvolunteersastheyreadpiecesofclassicalEnglishliteraturebothintheir5formandinamoderntranslation.
And,accordingtotheSundayTelegraph,theexperimentshowedthemore___6__proseandpoetry__7__farmoreelectricalactivityinthebrainthantheeasierversions.
Theresearchalsofoundpoetry,8,increasedactivityintherightpartofthebrain,anarea9with“autobiographical(自传式的)memory”,whichhelpedthereaderto_10___ontheirownexperiences.Theacademicssaidthismeantthe11weremoreusefulthanself-helpbooks.
Thebrain12of30volunteerswerewatchedinthefirstpartoftheresearchastheyreadShakespeareindifferent13.
Inoneexample,volunteersreadalinefromKingLear,“Afatherandagraciousagedman:
himhaveyoumadded”,beforereadingthe14:
“Afatherandagraciousagedman:
himyouhaveenraged”.Shakespeare’suseof“mad”asa(n)15causedahigherlevelofbrainactivitythanthestraightforwardprose.
Thenextstageoftheresearchwaslookingatthe16towhichpoetrycouldaffect__17andprovidetherapeutic(治疗的)benefit.Volunteers’brainswerescannedwhilereadingfourlinesbyWordsworth,andfour“translated”lineswerealsoprovided.
Thefirstversioncausedmorebrainactivity,18notonlytheleftpartofthebrainconnectedwithlanguage,butalsotherightpartthatrelatestoautobiographicalmemoryandemotion.
“Poetryisnotjusta19ofstyle.Itisalsoaboutdeepversionsofexperiencethat__20theemotionaltothecognitive(认知的),”saidProfDavis,whowillpresentthefindingsattheNorthofEnglandeducationconferenceinSheffieldthisweek.
1.A.attitudeB.pointC.mindD.advice
2.A.thelikeB.thewayC.thelikelyD.thekind
3.A.breakB.focusC.catchD.fix
4.A.examinedB.monitoredC.interruptedD.controlled
5.A.originalB.traditionalC.conventionalD.ancient
6.A.attractiveB.beneficialC.challengingD.emotional
7.A.setoffB.putoffC.takeoffD.calloff
8.A.forexampleB.onoccasionC.inparticularD.incontrast
9.A.concernedB.mixedC.fixedD.conflicted
10.A.reflectB.agreeC.dependD.take
11.A.averageB.modemC.academicD.classic
12.A.recordsB.recallsC.responsesD.receptions
13.A.moodsB.mannersC.formsD.types
14.A.shorterB.simplerC.betterD.deeper
15.A.adjectiveB.nounC.adverbD.verb
16.A.amountB.degreeC.extensionD.scale
17.A.philosophyB.biologyC.psychologyD.sociology
18.A.wakingupB.raisingupC.takingupD.makingup
19.A.matterB.markC.mannerD.mass
20.A.caterB.addC.preferD.refer
阅读理解
A
ScientistsfromtheUnitedStatessaytheyhavefoundfishandothercreatureslivingunderkeywatersinAntarctica.TheymadetheannouncementaftercompletingthreemonthsofresearchattheRossIceShelf,theworld’slargestfloatingicesheet.
Theresearchershopedtofindcluestoexplaintheforceofthemeltingiceanditseffectonsealevelrise.ReedSchererandRossPowellarewithNorthernIllinoisUniversityinDeKalb,Illinois.Theyjustfinisheduptheirresearchonoursouthernmostcontinent.MoneyfortheprojectcamefromAmerica’sNationalScienceFoundation.
“Wechoseastudysitewhere,inthefirstyear,Wewentintothesubglacial(冰川下的)lakeandtriedtounderstandtheenvironmentinthere,bothecologicallyandintermsoftheicedynamicsabouthowthelakeoperates,andhowthesediment(沉淀物)underneaththeicesheetoperates,aswell,becauseit’sthewaterandthesedimentunderneaththeicethatcontrolshowfasttheiceisflowingintotheocean”saysRossPowell,wholedtheinvestigation.Theteamincludedscientists,engineers,machineryandothersuppliesacrosstheicefromthemainU.S.scientificbaseatMcMurdoStationtotheresearcher’scamp.Thecampwasnearasubglaciallake,whereanearlierstudytookplace,
RossPowellsaysthelateststudymayprovideevidencethatcanhelppredicttheeffectofclimatechangeonrisingsealevels.
“Whatwehavefoundisthattheseareverysensitiveareastothestabilityofhowdynamictheiceisandhowfasttheicemayreacttoincreasesofmeltingbothfromtheoceanandtheatmosphere.”
Amongthenewinstrumentsbuiltfortheprojectwasapowerfulhotwaterdrill.Theresearchersusedthedrilltodigdownsome740meters.Theycollectedwater,sedimentandothermaterialfromthegroundingzone.
Workingaroundtheclockbeforethedeepholerefroze,theysentavideocameradowntothe400-square-meterunderseaarea.
ReedScherersaysthevideoimagestheysawintheCommandCenterwereatotalsurprise.
“It’saverymobileenvironment.Thebottomischangingconstantly.Andsothethingsthatwesawwereallverymobileorganisms,thingsthatswimandsomethingsthatcrawl.Andobviouslytheyaregettingenoughnutritionthattheycanthrive,Someofthelittlecrustacean-likecreaturescalledamphipodsthatwesawswamquitequicklyandwerequiteactive.”
Thisisthefarthestsouththatfishhaveeverbeenseen.Howdidthecreaturesgethere?
Whatdotheyfeedon?
Andwhateffectwilltheretreatingicehaveonthem?
RossPowellsaystheiceandsedimentcorestakenfromthegroundingzonecanofferclues.
“Weknowthattheiceismeltingthereatthemomentandsobyopeningupthecoresoncetheygetback,wehopetobeabletounderstandwhattheicewasdoinginthepast,relativetowhatitisdoingnow.Andbecauseitismeltingsofastorseemstobemeltingfastatthemoment,weanticipatethattherewillhesomedifferencesthatwe’llseeinthehistoryoftheicesheetfromthesedimentcores,onceweopenthemup.”ButRossPowellsaystheworkraisesmorequestionsthanitanswers.
1.Scientistsconductedthethree-monthresearchattheRossIceShelfwiththeintentionof.
A.predictinghowclimatechangeinfluencesrisingsealevels.
B.findingoutwhethertherearelifeformsexistingdeepunderAntarcticice.
C.provingthespeedoficeflowingintotheoceaniscontrolledbywater.
D.discoveringanexplanationoftheeffectthemeltingicehasonsealevelrise.
2.Whatmadetheresearcherssurprisedwhentheysawthevideoimages?
A.Researcherssawfishinthefarthestsouthforthefirsttime.
B.Avideocamerawasabletoworkwellunderdeepicywaters.
C.Sedimentcorespresentdifferencesinthehistoryoftheicesheet.
D.Thedrillshoulddigdown740meterstocollectthings.
3.Fromsedimentcorestakenfromthegroundingzone,scientistswillprobablyknow.
A.whattheicewilldointhenearfuture
B.theiceinthegroundingzoneismeltingatthemoment
C.somedifferencesrarelyexistinthehistoryoftheicesheet
D.somethingaboutthecreaturesundericywaterinAntarctic.
4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Scientistswillconductafollow-upstudyonthefrozencontinent.
B.NocreaturesonceappearedorlivedinicywaterinAntarctica.
C.America’sNationalScienceFoundationisincompletechargeoftheresearch.
D.Researchershavefoundhowthesedimentunderneaththeicesheetoperates.
B
Depressioncanbeadevastatingillness,plaguingmillionsofpeopleworldwidewithfeelingsofsadness,hopelessness,andfatigue.Despitenumerousantidepressantdrugs,asmanyasathirdofpatientsdon’trespondtomedication.Thishasforceddoctorstobemorecreativeinfindingdifferenttreatmentsforthecondition.
Inthepasttwodecades,researchershavetieddepressiontoaseeminglyunrelatedcondition:
inflammation(炎症),thebody’snaturalresponsetostress.Itcouldrisefrominjuryorinflection,orevenemotionalissueslikeanunhappymarriageorproblemsatwork.Someamountofinflammationisgenerallybeneficial,asitincreasesproductionofcytokines(致癌因子),proteinsthathelpushealandprotectusfromtheeffectsofoverwork.
Butexcessivecytokinelevels,andtheinflammationtheybringon,couldcomeatacost-Anumberofstudiessuggeststhathighlevelsofcytokinescouldcontributetodepression.
Cytokinescanreachthebrainseveralways:
directlythroughtheblood-brainbarrierorindirectlybybindingtonervefiberselsewhere,whichsendsignalstothebraintoproducetheinflammationmolecules.Inthebrain,cytokinescandisturbtheproductionandreleaseofseveralimportantsignalingchemicals,includingserotonin,dopamineandglutamate,whichhelpcontrolemotion,appetite,sleep,learningandmemory.It’sthoughthatalackofserotoninactivityinthebraincausesdepression;mostantidepressantsincreasetheactivity.Butcytokinesalsohavebeenshowntoactivatestresshormonesignalinginthebrain,whichmanalsoservetodevelopdepression.
Withalltheevidenceimplicatinginflammationindepression,doctorshavebeenanxioustotestanti-inflammatorydrugsasapotentialtreatment.Foursmallstudentspublishedbetween2006and2012byresearchgroupsinEuropeandIranfoundthatadultsdiagnosedwithdepressionwhotookaspirinoranotheranti-inflammatorydrugcalledCelecoxib,alongwithanantidepressant,gotmorerelieffromfeelingsofsadness,hopelessness,guiltandfatiguecomparedwiththosetakinganantidepressantalone.How
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