高二英语话题阅读训练 week fifteen动物世界.docx
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高二英语话题阅读训练 week fifteen动物世界.docx
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高二英语话题阅读训练weekfifteen动物世界
WeekFifteen动物世界
一、阅读理解(共24小题;共48.0分)
A
Rainandcoldweatherthissummersawhoneyyieldsfromhivesfallbyalmostthreequarters,theBritishBeekeepersAssociation(BBKA)saidtoday.Theaveragecropperhivewasdown72%comparedto2011,withjust3.6kg(8lb)ofhoneyproducedcomparedtoanannualaverage,theannualhoneysurveybytheBBKArevealed.
Thesurveyof2,712beekeepersinEngland,NorthernIrelandandWalesfoundthat88%saidthissummer'sbadweathercausedthefallinhoneyyields.Thecold,wetconditionsforcedtheBBKAtoissueamidsummerwarningtofeedcoloniesifnecessarytoavoidstarvation.ButinLondon,whichrecordedtheworstresultswithjust2.5kg(5.6lb)ofhoneyharvestedonaverage,beekeepingexpertssaidthatinadditiontothebadweathertherewasalackoffoodforbeesinthecity.
AngelaWoods,secretaryoftheLondonBeekeepersAssociation,said:
"Ratherthanputtingbeehivesonofficeroofs,weencouragecompaniesinLondonwhowanttohelptolookatdifferentwaysofsupportingbeesandbeekeepers.Weneedmoreforage(草料)forthebeesandbetter-educatedbeekeepers."
Elsewhere,theweatherwasthemainproblem.PeterHutton,abeekeeperinTunbridgeWells,Kent,said:
"IthasbeenthemostdifficultyearIhaveknowninmy53yearsofbeekeeping.Badweatherinspringpreventedhoneybeesinmanyareasfromcollectingnectar(花蜜)fromearly-floweringcropssuchasoilseedrape,andtheraincontinuedinmanyplacesthroughoutJuneandJuly,preventinghoneybeesfromforaging(搜寻)onlatercrops."
TheBBKAwarnedthataswellasreducingthehoneyharvest,thebadweatherislikelytohavealonger-termimpactasitwillhaveaffectedthenormalprocessofbreedingforthequeens,whichmateonthewingonfinestillsummerdays.Asaresulttheymayhavematedpoorlyandbeunabletoproducesufficientnewbabiestoseecoloniesthroughthewinter.
1.Accordingtothepassage,theaveragecropperhivein2011mightbe .
A.3.6kgB.7.2kgC.10kgD.13kg
2.Theunderlinedword"colonies"inParagraph4means .
A.thehoneybeesB.thepoorbeekeepers
C.thebeekeepingexpertsD.thebeehives
3.WhichmeasureisAngelaWoodsagainst?
A.EncouragingLondoncompaniestotakepart.
B.Needingmoreforageforthebees.
C.Puttingbeehivesonofficeroofs.
D.Needingbetter-educatedbeekeepers.
4.Whatcausedthelackofforage?
A.Badweatherinbothautumnandwinter.
B.Badweatherinbothwinterandspring.
C.Badweatherinbothspringandsummer.
D.Badweatherinbothsummerandautumn.
5.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellus?
A.Thebadweatheronlyhasshort-termimpactonbees.
B.Thebadweatherjustaffectshoneyharvest.
C.Thebadweatherhaseffectsonbees'lifeinwinter.
D.Thebadweatherhaseffectsonbees'breeding.
B
TigersinNepalseemtobetakingnightshiftsinordertoavoidtheirhumanneighbors,astudyhasshown.Thebigcatsgenerallymovearoundatalltimesofthedayandnight,tomonitorterritory,mateandhunt.ButthestudyoftigersinChitwanNationalPark—wherehumansandtigerswalkthesamepaths—showedanightshiftinactivity.Theresultschallengethetraditionalwisdom.
It'straditionallythoughtthattigersneedlotsofpeople-freespace.Thiscanleadtopeopleremovingtomakewayfortigers.Tigersneedresources,peopleneedthesameresources.Ifweoperateunderthetraditionalwisdomthattigersonlycansurvivewithspacedevotedonlyforthem,therewouldalwaysbeconflict.Ifyourpriorityispeople,tigersloseout.Ifyourpriorityistigers,peopleloseout.
Chitwanishometoabout121tigers.Peopleliveonthepark'sborders,butrelyontheforestsforwoodandgrasses,venturinginonroadsandnarrowfootpaths.Mr.Carterspenttwoseasonssettingmotion-detectingcameratrapsfortigers,theirprey(猎物)andpeoplewhowalktheroadsandtrailsofChitwan,bothinandaroundthepark.Hisanalysisofthethousandsofimagesshowthatpeopleandtigersarewalkingthesamepaths,yetatdifferenttimesoftheday.Thecamerasdocumentedaclearshifttowardsnightactivityinthetigers.
Peoplegenerallyavoidtheforestsatnight,soduskwouldseemtoprovideasignalfortigerstocomeoutandplay.Mr.CartersaidthatconditionsfortigersinChitwanweregood,withhighpreynumbers,lowlevelsofpoaching(偷猎),andforeststhatarespreadingoutsidetheboundariesofthepark.But,heexplained:
"Peopleofdifferentkinds,includingtouristsandlocalresidents,frequenttheforestsofChitwan.Tigersneedtousethesamespaceaspeopleiftheyaretohaveanexistentlong-termfuture.Whatwe'relearninginChitwanisthattigersseemtobeadaptingtomakeitwork.We'vefoundsomethingveryinterestingishappeninginNepalthatholdspromiseforbothhumansandnaturetothrive."
6.WhydotigersinNepalmoveoutatnight?
A.Theylikethedarkness.
B.Theywanttoavoidtheirnaturalenemy.
C.Theywanttoavoidhumans.
D.Theycansharethesamepathwithhumans.
7.What'sthemainideaofParagraph2?
A.Traditionalideaonthepeacefullifebetweenpeopleandtigers.
B.Traditionalideaontheconflictbetweenpeopleandtigers.
C.Peopleshouldprotecttigersatthecostoftheirownbenefit.
D.Peopleshouldprotectthemselveswithoutcaringfortigers.
8.Theunderlinedword"venturing"means inParagraph3.
A.advertisingB.adventuringC.addictingD.adapting
9.HowdidMr.Carterlearntigers'activities?
A.Bypersonallywatchingtheiractivitiesonthespot.
B.Byspendingtwoseasonslivingwiththetigers.
C.Byanalyzingtheimagesofmotion-detectingcamera.
D.Byaskingtheinformationfromtheparkstaff.
10.Whatwilldoharmtotigers'lifeaccordingtoCarter?
A.Enoughwildanimals.
B.Almostnopoaching.
C.Thethickforests.
D.Human'sactivitiesintheforest.
C
Normalhumaneyescontainthreekindsofcolor-detectingcellscalledcones(视锥),andbycomparingthewaytheseconesareeachstimulatedbyincominglight,ourbrainsdistinguishredwavelengthsfromgreenandbluewavelengthsfromyellow.Dogs'eyes,likethoseofmostothermammals,containjusttwokindsofcones.Theseenabletheirbrainstodistinguishbluefromyellow,butnotredfromgreen.
AccordingtoJayNeitz,acolorvisionscientistattheUniversityofWashingtonwhoconductedmanyofthemodernexperimentsoncolorperceptionindogs,ourpets'eyesarestructuredinasimilarwaytothoseofred-greencolor-blindpeople,whoseeyesalsolackthethirdkindofconenormallypresentinhumans.Wecangetanideaofwhatdogssee,Neitzsaid,ifweassumetheirbrainsinterpretsignalsfromtheirconecellsmuchlikethebrainsofcolor-blindpeople.
Toseeblueandyellow,dogsandhumansalikerelyonneuronsinsidetheeye'sretina(视网膜).Theseneuronsareexcitedinresponsetoyellowlightdetectedintheconecells(whicharealsoinsidetheretina),buttheneurons'activitygetssuppressedwhenbluelighthitsthecones.Adog'sbraininterpretstheexcitationorsuppressionoftheseneuronsasthesensation(感觉)ofyelloworblue,respectively.
However,indogsandcolor-blindindividuals,redlightandgreenlightbothhaveaneutraleffectontheneurons.Withnosignaltointerpretthesecolors,thedogs'brainsdon'tperceiveanycolor.Whereyouseeredorgreen,theyseeshadesofgray."Ahumanwouldbemissingthesensationsofredandgreen,"NeitztoldLife'sLittleMysteries."Butwhetherornotthedog'ssensationsaremissingredandgreen,oriftheirbrainsassigncolorsdifferently,isunclear."
Furthermore,likecolor-blindpeople,dogsmayuseothercuestodistinguishthecolorwecall"red"fromthecolorwecall"green.""Alotofthetimetherearegoodcuestohelpthemfigureitout;forexample,redobjectstendtobedarkerthangreenobjects,"Neitzsaid."So,ifit'sadarkapple,ared-greencolor-blindpersonwouldknowthatit'sprobablyaredone,andifit'salighterapple,itmaybeaGrannySmith."
11.Accordingtothepassage,mostmammalscanrecognize .
A.redfromblueB.redfromgreen
C.bluefromyellowD.yellowfromgreen
12.Afewpersonscannottellredfromgreenbecause .
A.theylackthefirstkindofcone
B.theylackthesecondkindofcone
C.theylackthethirdkindofcone
D.theylackallthethreecones
13.Theunderlinedword"suppressed"inParagraphthreemeans .
A.BroughtupB.KeptdownC.BrokenoutD.Takenaway
14.AccordingtoNeitz,itisstilluncertainwhetherornot .
A.redandgreenlightshaveaneutraleffectondogs
B.redandgreenlightshaveaneutraleffectonthecolor-blind
C.thedog'ssensationsareshortofredandgreen
D.dogs'brainsassigncolorsinthesamewayascommonpeople
15."AGrannySmith"attheendofthearticlereferstoa .
A.commonwomanB.color-blindwoman
C.redappleD.greenapple
D
Atfirstglance,blowingabubblenettotrapsardinesisnotthesmartestmoveadolphincanmake.Bubblesreflectsonar(声纳)signalsbetterthansardinesdo,makingthefishinvisibleandgivingthemachancetoescape.Butmathematicaltrickscangetaroundthis,anddolphinsmaynaturallyusethemtolocatethefishysignalamidthebubbles.
TimothyLeightonattheUniversityofSouthampton,UK,andhiscolleaguesproduceddolphin-likesonarclicksinatankcontaininga"fish"—asmallsteelball-hidinginabubblecloud.Dolphinsvarytheamplitude(振幅)oftheirclicks,Leighton
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