关于计算机专业网页小程序有关的外文文献翻译成品_Java Web Start和小应用程序Applets(中英文双语对照).docx
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关于计算机专业网页小程序有关的外文文献翻译成品_Java Web Start和小应用程序Applets(中英文双语对照).docx
《关于计算机专业网页小程序有关的外文文献翻译成品_Java Web Start和小应用程序Applets(中英文双语对照).docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《关于计算机专业网页小程序有关的外文文献翻译成品_Java Web Start和小应用程序Applets(中英文双语对照).docx(26页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
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本文价格不贵,也就几十块钱!
一辈子也就一次的事!
文献出处:
DavidParsons FoundationalJava,2019,pp503-527(如觉得年
份太老,可改为近2年,毕竟很多毕业生都这样做)
英文3584单词,19270字符(字符就是印刷符),中文5622汉字。
(如果字数多了,可自行删减,大多数学校都是要求选取外文的一部分内容进行翻译的。
)
JavaWebStartandApplets
Initsearlydays,JavacametoprominencebecauseofJavaapplets,runninginwebbrowsers.Appletshavehadsomethingofacheckeredhistorysincethen,andmostJavawebtechnologiesbelongintheenterpriseeditionratherthanthestandardeditionofJava.However,appletsarestillwidelyused,andcanbeausefulcomponentofrichInternetapplications.Alsoassociatedwiththeweb,butlessdirectly,isJavaWebStart,whichallowsdesktopapplicationstobedeployedovertheweb.Inthischapter,wewillbeginbylookingatJavaWebStartandthenlookatapplets,whichcannowusethesamedeploymentmechanismasJavaWebStart,makingitveryeasytoswitchbetweenthetwomodesofdeployment.SincebothJavaWebStartandappletsrequireustocreatewebpageswithappropriatelinkstoJavaapplicationsorapplets,wewillbeginwithbriefoverviewsofwebbrowsers,URLs,andHTML.
20.1 WebBrowsers,URLs,andHTMLPages
Webbrowsersoftware(e.g.,Explorer,Firefbx,Safari,Chrome,etc.)isdesignedtoretrieveinformationfromremotesitesontheWorldWideWeb(WWW)usingUniformResourceLocators(URLs).MuchoftheinformationismadeavailableintheformofHTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)webpages.
20.1.1 URLs
AURLisbasicallytheInternetaddressofaresourceonaparticularserver,and
typicallyiswritteninthreeparts:
theprotocol,theserveraddress,andthenameoftheresource(includinganypathinformation).
20.1.1.1TheHTTPProtocol
Theprotocolprefixforwebpagesis“http:
//”.Thisstandsfor“hypertexttransferprotocol”andmostURLsstartthisway.Indeedthispartisoftenomitted,becauseitisusuallythebrowser’sdefaultprotocol(thoughthereareotherwebprotocolsthatyoumaybefamiliarwithsuchasFTP,theFileTransferProtocol).
20.1.1.2TheServerAddress
Theserveraddressusuallybeginswith“www”(WorldWideWeb),followedbythenameofthesiteandits“domain,”whichdefinesitscategoryandmayincludeitscountrycode.Eachoftheseisseparatedbyaperiod(fullstop).Take,forexample,thefollowingURL:
“introjava”isthenameoftheserversiteand“com”meansacompany.Commonalternativesto“com”are“edu”foracademicinstitutionsand“org”fororganizations.ManyURLsarewithinacountrydomain,suchas“.co.uk”or“ac.nz”.Ifyouarerunningatestserveronyourlocalmachine,thedomainnamebecomes“localhost.”
20.1.1.3ThePathandResourceName
ThefinalpartofaURLcanincludethelocation(directory)andnameoftheparticularfileatthesite.Forexample,
http:
//www.apache.org/foundation/getinvolved.html
Thislooksforthefile“getinvolved.html”inthe“foundation”directory.Thefilenamewillgenerallyendin“html”(orsometimesjust“htm”)becauseitwillusuallybeafilewritteninHTML(seebelow).Ifnofilenameisspecified,“index.html”isoftentheserver’sdefaultfilenamethatitwillsendbacktothebrowser.Ifnoindexfileis
present,thenadirectorylistingmaybedisplayedinstead,oranerrorpage,dependingontheserver’sconfiguration.
20.1.2HTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage)
WebbrowsersdisplayscreensofinformationwrittenusingHTML(HyperTextMarkupLanguage).ThebrowsertakesthebasicinformationstoredintheHTMLfileandformatsitappropriatelyusingtagsembeddedintothetextofthefile.AllHTMLfilesbeginw'ithantagandendw'ith.MostHTMLtagsareterminatedlikethis,usingaforwardslashfollowedbythetagname.ThisisaverysimpleHTMLfile,showingadditionaltagsforthepageheader(
,whichcanincludeatitletagisusedtospecifyparagraphs.The“DOCTYPE”atthetopthefilespecifiestheversionofHTMLthatisbeingused.ThisexampleusesHTML5(differentDOCTYPEShavedifferentexpectationsabouthowthedocumentshouldbestructured).
Fig.20.1AsimpleHTMLpageloadedintoabrowser
Figure20.1showswhatthispagelookslikewhenloadedintoabrowserasalocalfile.Simplefilescaneasilybewrittenbyhand,butformorecomplexpagesitisbettertouseoneofthemanyavailableHTMLeditingtools.SomesimpleHTMLpageswillbeneededtolaunchtheapplicationsandappletsdescribedinthischapter.
DOCTYPEhtml>
HereisthetextofmyHTMLpage
20.2JavaWebStart
JavaWebStartisagenericRichInternetApplication(RIA)launchmechanismthatcanbeusedtodeploybothdesktopapplicationsandapplets.Itprovidesawaytoeasilydeployapplicationsviatheweb,andprovidesanalternativetosomeothertypesofwebdeployment,suchassomeserversidewebapplications,thoughitprimarilyeasesthedeploymentofdesktopapplications.AJavaWebStartapplicationcanbeself-contained,becauseitcanautomaticallydownloadandinstallaJRE.ProgrammerscanspecifywhichJREversionagivenprogramneedsinordertoexecuteandensurethatitisavailablefortheapplicationtorun.Althoughitisaweb-baseddeploymentmechanism,noInternetconnectionisrequiredtoexecutetheapplicationsoncetheyhavebeendownloaded.
ThecorecomponentsofaJavaWebStartdeploymentare:
theapplicationtobedeployed,aJavaNetworkLaunchProtocol(JNLP)file,andaweb(HTML)pagetohosttheapplicationlauncher.TheJavaapplicationneedstobearchivedinaJARfilewithanidentifiable“main”classthatservesastheprogramentrypoint.AswesawinChap.14,aJARprovidesasingleunitofdeployment,andcanspecifyamainclassinitsmanifest.Havingthe“main”classidentifiedinthemanifestisnotessentialforJavaWebStartsincewecanalsospecifythemainclassintheJNLPfile,butitisusefulnottorelyentirelyontheJNLPfiletospecifyamainclass.
TheJNLPfileisanXMLfilethatdescribeshowtheapplicationshouldbelaunched.Itcontainsdeployment-relatedinformationsuchasthenameoftheJARfile,themainclassintheJAR,andtheminimumversionofJavarequiredtoruntheapplication.ThewebpagecaneithercontainasimplehyperlinktotheJNLPfileoritcanuseaJavaScriptbuttontolaunchtheapplication.Normally,wewouldalsoneedtosetupa
webapplicationsothatthefilescanbedownloadedoverthewebfromaserver.However,fortestingpurposesitispossibletodeployaJavaWebStartapplicationusingalocalHTMLfile,whichwewilldoforthefirstexample,whichdeploystheDistanceViewerapplicationfromChap.18.
20.2.1CreatingaJARinEclipse
ThefirststepistocreateaJARfilecontainingtherequiredclasses.ThiscouldofcoursebebuiltusinganAntscript,whichwewilldolaterinthischapter,butwewilldescribethefirststepinthisexampleusingtheEclipseexportfacility.Figure20.2showsthekeystepsinthedialogsthatexportfilesfromEclipse.Thefirststepistoselect"export"fromthe"file"menu,whichwillopenthe"Export"dialogshowninFig.20.1.Inthisdialog,withinthe"Java"folderyoucanselect"JARFile"asthetypeofexport.Clickingthe"Next"buttontakesyoutothe“JARExport''dialog.Itisessentialheretochooseallofthefilesthatneedtobeinthearchive.Forthe"DistanceViewer"application,youneedtoexportnotonlytheDistanceViewerclassitself(theview),buttheFlightDistancesclassaswell(themodel).ThelowerpartofthedialogletsyouselecttheexportfolderandthenameoftheJARfile.Clicking"Next"takesyoutothefinalstageofthedialogwhereyoucanselectoneoftheclassesintheJARastheclassusedastheapplicationentrypoint.Clicking"Finish"createstheJARfile.
20.2.2JavaNetworkLaunchProtocol(JNLP)
TheJavaNetworkLaunchProtocol(JNLP)enablesadesktopapplicationtobelaunchedfromresourceshostedonawebserver.JavaWebStartrequiresaJNLPfilethatconfiguresthevariousaspectsoftheprotocol.
Fig.20.2ExportingajartilefromEclipse
ThiscanbecreatedasatextfileinEclipse,witha“jnlp”extension.ItneedstobeexplicitlyopenedinatexteditororEclipsemayattempttorunitdirectly(right-clickonthefileandchoose“openwith”,thenselect“texteditor”).ThefollowingexamplecontainsthebasicinformationrequiredinaJNLPfile.The“information”elementrequires“title”and“vendor”information.The“resources”elementspecifiestheminimumversionofJavarequiredtoruntheapplication(withtheURLoftheautomaticdownloadsitefortheJavaruntime),andthenameoftheJARfile.Finallythe“applicationdesc”elementspecifiesthenameofthemainclasstoberunfromtheJAR.ThisparticularJNLPfilehasbeenwrittenusingtherequiredelementsfromJavaWebStartversion1;hence,the“spec”attributeissetto“1.0+”(thisisactuallythedefault).
Notethatthe“codebase”and“href’attributesareemptyinthisexample-theyarenotrequiredwhentestinglocalfiles.
xmlversion="l.0"encoding="UTF-8"?
>
href-" Hyperlinksdonotparticul
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