陕西省榆林市第二中学高考英语压轴专题《高中英语阅读理解》难题汇编.docx
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陕西省榆林市第二中学高考英语压轴专题《高中英语阅读理解》难题汇编.docx
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陕西省榆林市第二中学高考英语压轴专题《高中英语阅读理解》难题汇编
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Citytreesgrowfasteranddieyoungerthantreesinruralforestry,anewstudyfinds.Overtheirlifetimes,then,urbantreeswilllikelyabsorblessCO2fromtheairthahforesttrees.
Asweallknow,theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.However,CO2isagreenhousegas,meaningittrapsenergyfromthesunas/heat.Thatmakestemperaturesnearthegroundrise.Humanactivities,especiallythewidespreadburning-offossil(化石)fuels,havebeensendingextragreenhousegasesintotheair.Thishasledtoariseinaveragetemperaturesacrosstheglobe.
StudieshadshownforestsreadilyabsorbCO2,buttherehadn'tbeenmuchdataonwhethercitytreesgrow,dieandabsorbCO2atthesamerateasforesttreesdo.Sosomeresearchersdecidedtofindout.
Tofigureouthowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters(thewidthoftheirtrunks)between2005and2014.Atree'sdiameterincreasesasitgrows,justasaperson'swaistsizeincreasesastheygainweight.Abouthalftheweightofatreeiscarbon,researchhasshown.Mostoftherestiswater.Overthenineyears'tracking,theresearchersfoundcitytreesabsorbedfourtimesasmuchcarbonfromtheairasforesttrees.However,theyweretwiceaslikelytodie.Sooverthelifetimeofeachtypeoftree,foresttreesactuallyabsorbedmoreCO2.
Citytreesgrewfasterbecausetheyhadlesscompetitionforlightfromtheirneighbors.Inaforest,treestendtogrowclosetogether,shadingtheirneighbors.Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.Somestreettreesmayalsohavebetteraccesstowaterthantreesinthecountrybecausetheundergroundwaterpipescanleak.
(1)WhatcanheknownaboutCO2fromparagraph2?
A. Itisoneofthesideeffectsofgreenhouses.
B. Itgreatlyacceleratestheprocessofglobalwarming.
C. Itresultsfromthewidespreadburningoffossilfuels.
D. Itpreventstheearthfrombecomingunsuitabletoliveon.
(2)Whydidresearcherstrackthediametersoftrees?
A. Toknowabouttheirgrowthrates.
B. Tofindouthowmuchtheyweigh.
C. Tocheckwhethertheywerehealthy.
D. Toassessthecarbonamountsinthem.
(3)Whatadvantagedocitytreeshaveoverforesttrees?
A. Theyaremorelikelytoaccessgrowthpromoters.
B. Theycanenjoymorewatercomingfromtheair.
C. Theycanenjoymoreshadefromneighbors.
D. Theyarebetteratcompetingforlight.
(4)Whatwillprobablybetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?
A. Howurbantreescanlivelonger. B. Whycitylivingmakestreesdieyoung.
C. Howtreesrespondtodrysoilconditions. D. Whyfaster-growingtreesabsorbmoreCO2.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)A
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,一项新的研究发现:
与长在森林中的树木相比,城市里的树木长得更快,但死得更早。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“theearthwouldbefreezingorburninghotwithoutCO2.”可知,如果没有二氧化碳,地球将会极冷或极热。
可以推断,二氧化碳可以防止地球变得不适合居住。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“Tofigureonhowquicklytreesweregrowing,researcherstrackedtheirdiameters.”可知,研究人员监测树木的直径是为了了解树木的生长速度。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的“Streettreesalsobenefitfromhigherlevelsofnitrogen(氮)inrainwater.Nitrogenhelpsplantsgrow.Wastegasesfromgas-burningcarsalsocontainnitrogen,thusenrichingcityairwithnitrogen.Later,rainwatermaywashmuchofittotheground.”可知,与生长在森林中的树木相比,城市里的树木长得更快是因为它们无需与邻近的树木争夺光照,也能得到更多的氮量,还更容易得到水。
光、氮和水都可以促进树木的生长。
由此可以推断,城市里的树木比森林中的树木更可能获得生长促进剂。
故选A。
(4)考查推理判断。
文章首句就提到了一项新的研究结果:
城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快,但死得更早;文章第三段说到“以前有研究表明森林会吸收二氧化碳,但是城市里的树木的生长、死亡和吸收二氧化碳的速度是否跟森林中的树木一样,这方面的数据不多。
因此一些研究人员决定弄清楚”;文章第四段再次介绍了他们的研究发现:
城市里的树木比森林中的树木长得更快,但死得更早;文章最后一段介绍了城市里的树木比森林中的树木生长得更快的几个原因。
由此可以推断,文章接下来很可能就要介绍城市里的树木死得更早的原因。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Arecentstudyfindsthatthedirtonthegroundislikelytoworsenclimatechange.Researchershaveshownthatwarmertemperaturesareheatingthesoil,whichiscausingmicrobes(微生物)tobecomemoreactiveandreleasemoreofthesoil'scarbonintotheatmosphere.Thesesoilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.
Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.
Theyfoundasharpincreaseincarbonreleasedintotheatmospherebybacteriaandfungi(真菌)insoilfrom1990to2014.Researchersexplainthatthecarboncomesfromthedeadplantsandleavesthemicrobeseat.Astemperaturesrise,themicrobeseatmore.Andthemoretheyeat,themorecarboncanbemadeintocarbondioxideandreleasedintotheatmosphere.
Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.Overall,soilreleasesaboutninetimesmorecarbonthanhumanactivities.Butthatispartofanaturalcycle:
theamountofcarbonreleasedintotheairisaboutequaltothecarbonoceansandplantstakein.
However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding.
Ifsomethingisn'tdone,wearereallyintrouble.Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.Conservationmethodsincludeavoidingturningthesoil,coveringoff-seasoncropsandleavingcropdepositsontheground.
(1)Whichwordcanbestdescribethescientists'researchdata?
A.Rich.
B.Rare.
C.Limited.
D.Difficult.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"intensifies"inParagraph4mean?
A.Causes.
B.Demands.
C.Strengthens.
D.Shows.
(3)Whatmainlycausesthesoil'stemperaturetorise?
A.Activebacteria.
B.Humanactivities.
C.Theoverusesofsoil.
D.Thewastesoffossilfuels.
(4)Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?
A.Warmersoilandmorecarbon.
B.Thesoilandtheenvironment.
C.Themicrobesandthetemperatures.
D.Hotterairandwarmerenvironment.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)C
(3)B
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了人类燃烧燃料造成的土壤变化可能导致地球更高的温度。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第二段中的“Scientistsstudieddevicereadings,soilmeasurements,plantgrowthdetailsandsatelliteobservationsfromaroundtheworld.Theirworkisthemostcompletestudyonthesubject.”科学家们研究了来自世界各地的设备读数、土壤测量、植物生长细节和卫星观测数据。
他们的工作是对这一课题最全面的研究。
故选A。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第四段中的“Thisuncontrolledcyclespeedsupandintensifiesclimatechange.”可知,and为并列连词,即intensifies应与之前的speedsup为同义词。
speedup意为“加速”,C项strengthen意为“加强;增强”可为同义词。
故选C。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第五段中的“However,carbonreleasedfromfossilfuelcausesanimbalance.Burningcoal,oilandnaturalgasputsmorecarbonintotheatmospherethannaturecantakein.Theadditionalcarbonheatstheairandsoil.Andastheairandsoilgethotter,theearthwillreleasemorecarbonthanithasbeenholding”然而,化石燃料释放的碳造成了不平衡。
燃烧煤炭、石油和天然气向大气中排放的碳超过了自然所能吸收的量。
额外的碳使空气和土壤升温。
随着空气和土壤变得越来越热,地球释放出的碳将超过它所承受的量。
可知,人类的一系列燃烧燃料的行为是土壤温度上升的主要原因。
故选B。
(4)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的“soilchangescanpotentiallycontributetoevenhighertemperatures.”中间段落进行阐述分析原因和结果。
末段提出了“Propersoilconservationcanhelpkeepmorecarboninsoil.”并提供了建议。
因此标题关键词需有soil,carbon等核心词。
A项Warmersoilandmorecarbon.符合分析。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Idiomsareoneofthehardestpartsoflearningalanguage.Forthoseofyouwhodon'tknow,anidiomisaphrasewhichhasameaning,butthemeaningisnotclearfromthewordsthemselves.Ifyoutranslateanidiomwordforword,itsometimesmakesnosenseatall.Theyarelikepuzzlesandevennativespeakerscangetconfusedwhensomeoneusesaphrasethatthey'veneverheardof.
Withthatinmind,herearefivecommonEnglishidiomsthatyoucanuseinavarietyofSituations.
⒈Getyouracttogether(Meaning:
youneedtoimproveyourbehaviour/work)
Thismightbesomethingyourteachersaystoyouifyouscorebadlyinanexamorifyoumisbehaveinclass.Youcanalsouseittotalkaboutpeopleingeneral.Forexample,ifyourfriendisbeingmeanornastyfornoreason,thenyoucantellthemthattheyneedtogettheiracttogether.
⒉Pullyourselftogether(Meaning:
calmdown)
Thisisasomewhatimpolitewayoftellingsomeonethattheyareoverreactingandthattheyneedtorelax.Onlyusethisifyouthinkthepersonyouarespeakingtoisgettingupsetoversomethinginsignificant.Ifyourfriendtellsyouthattheircloserelativehasdied,itisNOTthetimetotellthemtopullthemselvestogether.
⒊I'mfeelingundertheweather(Meaning:
I'msick)
Yes,it'slongerandmoredifficulttosaythan'I'msick',butifyourEnglishteacherasksyouwhyyouhaven'tdoneyourhomework,heorsheismorelikelytoforgiveyouifyousaythatyouwerefeelingundertheweather.YoumaynothavedoneyourEnglishhomework,butyourteachermightbeimpressedthatyouknowhowtomakeeloquentexcusesinaforeignlanguage.
⒋It'sapieceofcake(Meaning:
it'seasy)
Idon'tknowwhythismeanswhatitdoes,butsometimesyoujusthavetoacceptthatEnglishpeopleuseweirdphrases.
⒌Breakaleg(Meaning:
goodluck!
)
Thisisperhapsoneofthemostconfusingyetwell-knownEnglishidioms.Ifsomeonesaysthistoyou,donottakeoffenceorthinktheyarethreateningyou;theyarejustwishingyouluck.Itismostoftenusedforpeoplewishingsuccesstoactorsandactressesbeforetheyperformonthestage,butitcanbesaidinothersituations,too.
Allinall,learninganewlanguagecanbechallenging.It's
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