本科毕业论文论《瓦尔登湖》构建的思想乌托邦与影响.docx
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本科毕业论文论《瓦尔登湖》构建的思想乌托邦与影响.docx
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本科毕业论文论《瓦尔登湖》构建的思想乌托邦与影响
本科生毕业论文
题目:
论《瓦尔登湖》构建的思想乌托邦与影响
ASTUDYOFUTOPIAINWALDENANDITSINFLUENCE
ABachelor’sThesis
Presentedto
TheDepartmentofForeignLanguages
ModernCollegeofNorthwestUniversity
Xi’an,China
InPartialFulfillment
OftheRequirementsforthe
BachelorofArtsDegree
By
YuZhenghao
Apr,2015
诚信声明
本人郑重声明:
本人所呈交的毕业论文(设计)是在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。
毕业论文(设计)中凡引用他人已经发表或未发表的成果、数据、观点等,均已明确注明出处。
除文中已经注明引用的内容外,不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或在网上发表的论文。
特此声明。
论文作者签名:
日期:
2015年4月15日
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhohelpedmeduringthewritingofthisthesis.IamparticularlyindebtedtoMsLiu,whogavemekindencouragementandusefulinstructionsallthroughmywriting.Iwishtoextendmythankstoalltheteacherwhoguideme.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSi
TABLEOFCONTENTSii
ABSTRACTINENGLISHiii
ABSTRACTINCHINESEiv
Chapterone1
Introduction1
1.1Researchbackground1
1.2Significanceofthestudy2
ChapterTwo3
ThemajorideaandClassicreviewofWalden3
2.1Theauthorandhisachievement3
2.1.1EmersonandThoreau3
2.1.2AbrieflyintroductionofTranscendentalism4
2.1.3TheConfuciusClassicofthebook5
2.2Socialconditionsinthattime5
2.3Abrieflyintroductionofthebook6
2.3.1ThepoemGreekmythologyandThereligiouselementfrombook8
2.3.2AdditionalRemarks10
ChapterThree11
Theinfluence11
3.1Theprosandcons11
3.2Learningfromthebook13
3.3TheNewWaldenlism14
ChapterFour15
Conclusion15
Bibliography17
I.WorksinEnglish17
II.WorksinChinese17
ABSTRACTINENGLISH
WaldenpondislocatedinthenortheasternUnitedStates,Massachusetts.TheworldfamousinstitutionHarvardUniversityandtheMITareoverthere.WaldenisaliferecordfromThoreauduringthesolitude.Itisabouthisthoughtsandwhathesawandheardwhenhewaslivingintheforest.Wecanfindthepursuitofnaturallifebetweenthelines,fromseasonschangetothebattlebetweenantsundertheuncannyworkmanshipofnature.Hisbookbecomethebibleamongpeople`smindandtheirspiritualutopia.Thistext,byreviewingtheauthor`slifeandoriginalinterpretationofthebook,analyzingtherelevanthistoricalmaterial,referringtomainstreamculture,thendialecticallyarrivedataconclusionthatisreturningtotheinnocence.Italsoremindsusdon`tforgetthepureandhappyfromourinsideordominatedbycorruptionmateriallife.AnobjectivesummarywhichwascalledNewWaldenlism.Wecanalsorealizeharmoniousco-existencebetweenthehumanandnaturewithintheconcretejungle.Furthermore,theConfucianClassicsthatappearedintobooktellsmoreaboutChinesecultureandwesternculturecouldbeorganiccombination.IHopeIcanthroughthisbooktohelpeachonetopickuptheloveoflifewithchildlikeinnocence!
keywords:
Life,nature,truth,innovation,transcendentalism.
摘要
瓦尔登湖位于美国东北部马萨诸塞州,世界著名学府哈佛大学和麻省理工学院都在此。
《瓦尔登湖》是作者梭罗在瓦尔登湖独居期间的生活记录,生动的描写了两年多时间的所见所闻和所思所想,字里行间体现着对返璞归真的追求,以及大自然的鬼斧神工,大到季节变换,小到蚂蚁之间的战争。
这本书百年来成为许多人心中的圣经和精神乌托邦。
本文通过回顾作者的生平并解读该书原文,分析相关历史人物,参考当今主流文化,辩证的分析出梭罗的回归自然(不忘初心)这一重要思想。
这也要求我们不应该忘记本属于人类灵魂深处的纯洁与快乐,不应该过多的被的物质生活所主宰,也客观的总结了在新的钢铁丛林中一样可以做到人与自然和谐,我称之为“新瓦尔登主义”。
另外,作者在书中提到的儒家经典,更说明了中华文化和西方先哲的思想是可以有机结合的。
希望通过研读此书来帮助每一个人重新拾起那份对生活的热爱与童真。
关键词:
生命,自然,真理,创新,超验主义
Chapterone
Introduction
Whyshouldwebeinsuchdesperatehastetosucceedandinsuchdesperateenterprises?
Ifamandoesnotkeeppacewithhiscompanions,perhapsitisbecausehehearsadifferentdrummer.(Walden)
PeopleinChinanowalwaysjudgeamanbyhisfortune,buthowisthatdifferentfromwesterncountries,whichannounceddemocracyandfreedom?
Actually,theyareallthesame.Whatisknownasrich?
whatissuccess?
Whocandecidethemeaningofthesewords?
Inanotherway,dotheystillhavethesamemeaningafterhundredsorthousandsofyears?
Anarrowdefinitioncan`tbeneutralandaboldassumptioncan`tbecaution.Thatiswhyweneverstopthinkingfortruth.Thedevelopmentofoursocietynotonlyneedshugemansionsbutalsosomekindofthoughtwhichcaninspirepeople`sheart.ItisrequestforustocalmdownwhenstudyingWaldenbecauseonlyinthiswaycanweunderstandwhatThoreaureallywantstosay.Afterseveraltimesofreading,IamwillingtosharewhatIlearntfrombook.
1.1Researchbackground
In2015,adocumentarywithsmogandenvironmentalprotectionthemewhichnamedUnderTheDomehasaworldbuzzing.Thatmakesthepeoplerestarttothinktherelationshipbetweenenvironmentandhumandevelopment.Environmentalprotectionhasbeenoneoftheimportantproblemsallovertheworld.Pollutionnotonlyexistinourenvironment,butalsoinourheart.LikeThoreaufeelsickaboutthetrainthatcrossthewood.Howcanwehearthebirdsingingrhymewiththesoundoftrainwhistle?
Cityvagrantlostintoabyssofmoneywithendlessdesireandwalkintotheplacewherebetrayedtheirinitiallybelief.Whoelsecareaboutthedirtyairandmurkyriver?
Howmanypeoplerepeatthewordagainandagain:
Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,Ihavenorelatives,Iamshameless?
.Humanmovetothecityfromforest,don`tafraidlightninganymore,usetorchdrivebeastaway,butwhydotheystillhavetobendtheirkneestopowerandwealth?
IthinkwecouldfindtheanswerwithinWalden.
1.2Significanceofthestudy
Sowebeaton,boatsagainstthecurrent,bornebackceaselesslyintothepast.ItisfromtheendofTheGreatGatsby.Havinggonethroughthehypocrisyofrealityandunpredictablepeople.theleadingcharactercamebacktohisunsophisticatedhometowndisappointedly.Butdoeshecanreallyendhisnightmareinthisway?
Idon`tthinkso.Becausethisisjusttheendofthenovel,notthereallife,peoplestillhavetofaceit.Thoreauisnoexception.Iresearchthisbooknotbecauseinmemoryofthegoodoldpasttime.weallneedtokeepmoving.Waldenisabookthathelpustoexploreourinsideofheart.Waldenisaguidewhoteachusmakelifeeasier.Waldenisironicforhumanbeing.Waldenisalsoatextfeastforliterature.Benefitingfromtheinfluenceofthisbook,wehavemoremultiangledanddirectiontocreateanewlifephilosophywithnewrevelation.
ChapterTwo
ThemajorideaandClassicreviewofWalden
2.1Theauthorandhisachievement
HenryDavidThoreau(1817-1862)wasAmericanwriter,philosopherandrepresentativeofTranscendentalist.HegraduatedfromHarvardwithflyingcolorsin1837.HecamebacktoConcordthenbegantopracticeTranscendentalismandwriteundertheEmerson`shelpin1841.ItisinterestingthatThoreaubenefitedfromuniversitymeanwhilehelookeddownuponitwhichisduetohisideaofbreakingtheworship.In1845,helivedinseclusionnexttotheWaldenabout2milesfarfromConcord.Hemadehislifebyownefforts,simpleandclosenesstonatureandfinishedthelongproseWaldenthatbecametheclassicworksoftranscendentalism.DuringhestayedinWalden,Thoreauhadbeenarrestedinprisononetimebecauseherefusedtopaythepolltax.AfterthathedevelopedthefamouspoliticalcommentCivilDisobedience.Hedidn`tcontactanyjobsorcareers,nomarriage,nomeat,noalcohol,nosmoke...Hepreferredtobeabachelorwithinmindandbody.Andheknowshowcanbeanobilityunderthepovertyandpoor.Thoreaupassedawaybylungdiseasein1862.Inpeople`seyes,heisaweirdpersonbutfollowerofEmerson.Hisworkshoneuntilinthe19thcenturyandWaldenwasthemostpopularbookeverhadinAmericaliteraturehistory!
2.1.1EmersonandThoreau
EmersonandThoreauarenotsomuchbeinggoodfriendasmasterandapprentice.Asweallknown,EmersonwasthepioneerofAmericantranscendentalist.HisAmericanScholarwasknownasthethoughtsofthedeclarationofindependenceinUnitedStates.Hecriticizedthemoneyworshipinstateandemphasizedtheimportanceofhumanitself.AsaadherentoftheTranscendentalism,ThoreauwashelpedandsupportedbyEmerson.Bytheway,Thoreaudidn`thavetopaythetaxforthelandofWaldenbecauseEmersonownedit.ButEmersonistooclosetoThoreaulikehisteacher,coachandfather.HeforgottheonethingthatThoreau`srebelliousspirit.Thoreauquestionedeverythinghedidn`tagree,evenIfEmerson.Itledtostrainedrelationsbetweenthem.AlthoughtheyarealltheadvocatorsofTranscendentalism,theylivedintwodifferentworld.Inessence,Emersonisanormalguywhostillregardhighlyoffame,wealth,status,andfamily.ButThoreauisabsolutelyopposite.Hedidn`tlikeregularthings,alwaystalkedenigmaticthingstothepeoplewhovisitedhim,thendepreciatedalltheguestintheend.Thus,wecouldunderstandwhywecan`tfindawordwithEmersonandappreciationofhiminWalden.Itiswhatitis,twomountainscan`tgetclosetoeachotherforever.Wejustcan`ttellwhoisbetter.Theyareallhavegreatcontributedtremendouslytohumansociety.
2.1.2AbrieflyintroductionofTranscendentalism
Transcendentalism isareligiousandphilosophicalmovementthatdevelopedduringthelate1820sand'30s intheEasternregionoftheUnitedStatesasaprotestagainstthegeneralstateofspirituality.Amongthetranscendentalists'corebeliefswastheinherentgoodnessofbothpeopleandnature.Theybelievethatsocietyanditsinstitutions—particularlyorganizedreligionandpoliticalparties—ultimatelycorruptthepurityoftheindividual.Theyhavefaiththatpeopleareattheirbestwhentruly"self-reliant"andindependent.Itisonlyfromsuchrealindividualsthattruecommunitycouldbeformed.Inshort,ittellsuspeoplecansurpassthesenseandreason,touchthetruthdirectlyandemphasizetheimportanceofinsti
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