完整版纯英文版Cathedral.docx
- 文档编号:17593436
- 上传时间:2023-07-26
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:8
- 大小:20.62KB
完整版纯英文版Cathedral.docx
《完整版纯英文版Cathedral.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《完整版纯英文版Cathedral.docx(8页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
完整版纯英文版Cathedral
FromasmallSaxonchurchtoagreatCathedral,thelonghistoryofthissacredplacestretchesbackover15centuries.You’llfindsomuchtodiscover:
gloriouschurcharchitectureandtinycrafteddetails,pricelesstreasuresandgreatworksofart,historiceventsandfamouspeople.Wehopeyou’llvisit.
FifteencenturiesofEnglishhistoryliebehindthemassiveCathedralyouseetoday.ItstandsattheheartofhistoricWinchester,oncetheseatofAnglo-SaxonandNormanroyalpower,onthesiteofanearlyChristianchurch.It’sbeenaplaceofworshipeversince.
AroyalAnglo-Saxonchurch
Today’sCathedralhasitsrootsintheseventhcentury,whenEngland’spaganmonarchyfirstbecameChristians.
In635,Cynegils,kingoftheWestSaxons,wasbaptised.Justoveradecadelater,hissonCenwalhbuiltthefirstChristianchurchinWinchester,theheartofAnglo-SaxonWessex.
Thissmall,cross-shapedchurchbecameknownasOldMinster.Youcanstillseewhereitstood,itsoutlinetracedinredbrick,justnorthofthepresentbuilding.
Soon,OldMinsterbecameacathedral,housingthethrone(cathedra)ofabishopwhoheldswayoverahugediocesethatstretchedfromtheEnglishChanneltotheriverThames.
ThiswasnowthemostimportantroyalchurchinAnglo-SaxonEngland.ItwastheburialplaceforsomeoftheearliestkingsofWessex,includingKingAlfredtheGreat.
HeretooKingCnut,whoruledEnglandandDenmarkintheearly11thcentury,chosetobeburied,andwasjoinedbyhiswifeQueenEmmaonherdeathin1052.
Aplaceofpilgrimage
Bythe10thcentury,OldMinsterwasthepriorychurchofacommunityofmonks,livingasimplelifeoffrequentprayerundertheruleofStBenedict.
Here,eighttimesaday,themonkswouldprayandchant–thebeginningsofthegreatEnglishchoraltraditionthatremainsoneofthenation’streasurestoday.
Thechurchwasmadebiggerandgranderbyits10th-centurybishop,Aethelwold.ThebonesofStSwithun,aformerbishop,weredugupfromitsforecourtandhousedinasplendidnewshrineinside.
StSwithun’sfamespreadfarandwide.Allroundhistomb,thewallswerehungwiththecrutchesofpeoplehe’dhealed.
Bytheyear1000,OldMinsterwasamultipurposebuilding–amightyCathedral,athrivingpriorychurch,ahealingplaceofpilgrimage,andthefinalrestingplaceofWestSaxonkings.
TheNormansarrive
Buthugechangeslayahead,asEngland’sSaxonleaderswereabruptlytoppledbyagreatnewmilitarypower.
In1066,WilliamtheConquerorsuccessfullyinvadedEnglandfromhisduchyofNormandy.HewasanointedkingatWestminsterAbbey,andquicklymovedtotakecontroloftheChurch.
HereplacedWinchester’slastSaxonbishopwithhisownroyalchaplain,Walkelin.TheFrenchbishopsetaboutbuildingahugenewchurchintheNormanRomanesquestyle.
After450years,OldMinsterwasdemolished.ItsstoneswereusedforthenewCathedral,consecratedin1093withagreatceremonyattendedbyalmostallEngland’sbishopsandabbots.
YoucanstilltheNormanrootsofourpresentCathedralinitsmassive,round-archedcryptandtranseptstoday.
AthrivingmedievalCathedra
TheNormanCathedralflourished.WilliamRufus,WilliamtheConqueror’sson,wasburiedherein1100.
Youcanstillseetheremainsofitsgreatmonastery,StSwithun’sPriory.Theseincludethe14th-centuryPilgrims’Hallwherevisitorsstayed,andthesiteofthemonks’dormitory,nowatranquilgarden.
Sumptuousworksofartwerecommissioned.AgloriousnewfontcelebratingtheworkofStNicholaswasinstalled.Inthe12thcentury,amagnificentilluminatedBiblewasmadeforthemonkstouseintheirdailyworship.YoucanstillseetheWinchesterBibleintheCathedralLibrary.
Inthecenturiesthatfollowed,wealthyandpowerfulbishopsputtheirstampontheNormancathedral.Theyremodelleditwithsoaringgothicarchesthe14thcentury,makingitevenmoreornateinthe15thand16thcenturies.
Theyalsocommissionedtheirownchapels,wherepriestswouldsaydailymassesovertheirtombstospeedtheirsoulsintoheaven.ThesefinechantrychapelsremainoneofthegreatgloriesofourCathedral.
AnewChurchofEngland
ThedissolutionofEngland’smonasteriesduringthe1530sunderHenryVIII,inhisdisputewiththeCatholicchurchofRome,wasacatastrophicupheaval.Allweresweptaway.Afew,includingWinchester,werere-foundedascathedrals.
Afternearly600years,Winchester’sgreatBenedictinemonastery,StSwithun’sPriory,hadcometoanend.Theshrineofitspatronsaintwasransackedundercoverofdarkness,anditscloisterdemolished.
Inthe1550s,RomanCatholicismwasbrieflyrevivedbyHenry’sdaughterMaryTudor,whomarriedherSpanishhusbandintheCathedral.Butfromthenon,thereformedChurchofEnglandheldsway.
ItbroughtwithitanewprayerbookwritteninEnglishsoallcouldunderstand,andanewpatternofworshipbasedonMattins,HolyCommunionandEvensong.ThesegreatAnglicanservicesstillformthebasisofourworshipintoday.
Tothepresentday
Bytheearly16thcentury,muchoftheCathedralyouseetodaywascomplete.
Newsecularnamesbecamelinkedtothisplace,toaddtothoseofmightykingsandbishops,fromthe17th-centuryanglerIzaakWaltontothegreatearly19th-centuryEnglishnovelistJaneAusten.
The19thcenturysawmuchrestorationwork,includingnewstonestatuesforthehuge15th-centuryGreatScreenbehindthealtar.TheCathedral’sOrgan,acut-downversionofahugeorgandisplayedatthe1851GreatExhibitioninLondon,wasbought.
Bytheearly1900s,therewerefearsthattheeastendofthisancientbuildingwouldcollapse,aftercenturiesofsubsidence.Deep-seadiver,WilliamWalker,workedunderwaterintotaldarknessforsixyearstostabilisethem.
Today,after12centuries,thisgreatCathedralchurchremainstheseatoftheBishopofWinchesterandcentreoftheDioceseofWinchester.Itsbeautifulspacescontinuetoechotothesoundofdailyprayersandglorioussacredmusic.
Itisalsoathrivingattractionforvisitorsallovertheworld,apreciousheritagethatweseektoconserveforfuturegenerations.Pleasevisitus–you’llfindawarmwelcome
WinchesterCathedralisabeautifulAnglicancathedralinthecountyofHampshire,southeastEngland.Thepresentstructure,datingmostlyfrom1097,itisthelongestcathedralinthecountry.
History
ASaxonchurchwasbuiltonthisspotin648andwassoonusedbyaBenedictinemonasterywhichcametobenamedthePrioryofSt.Swithun.
SaintSwithun(d.862)wasbishopofWinchesterandatutortoyoungKingAlfred.Despitehisimportanceinlife,thesainthumblyrequestedthathebeburiedoutsideuponhisdeath,sothat"passersbymighttreadonhisgraveandwheretherainfromtheeavesmightfallonit."Hewasinitiallyburiedinthechurchyardinaccordancewithhiswishes,inahighlyprestigiousposition.
ButwhentheSaxoncathedral,theOldMinster,wasenlargedin971,thesaint'sremainsweremovedinside.Accordingtolegend,itthenrainednonstopfor40days.LocallorestillhasitthatifitrainsonSt.Swithun'sDay(July15),40daysofrainwillfollow:
St.Swithun'sday,ifthoudostrain,
Forfortydaysitwillremain;
St.Swithun'sday,ifthoubefair,
Forfortydays'twillrainnamair.
Thepresentchurch,thelongestmedievalcathedralinBritain,datesfrom1079,andwasbuiltintheNorman(Romanesque)style.St.Swithun'sremainsweremovedtothenewchurchin1093.ThecathedralwasattheheartofapowerfuldiocesethatstretchedfromtheThamesRivertotheChannelIslandsandattractedmanypilgrimswhocametoprayatthetombsofSwithunandothersaints.
TheinfluentialandwealthybishopsofWinchesterfurtherdevelopedandadornedtheircathedralthroughouttheMiddleAges.Theeastendwasexpandedinthe13thcentury.Evenmoreremodelingandexpansiontookplaceinthe14thcentury,includingtheGothicnave,westfrontandchoirstalls.
StephenGardiner(1531-55)wasthelastimportantRomanCatholicbishopofWinchester,duringthereignofQueenMaryI.HeofficiatedathermarriagetoPhilipofSpain,whichtookplaceinWinchesterCathedral.
窗体顶端
WhattoSee
ThesoaringPerpendicularGothicnaveofWinchesterCathedral,thelongestinEngland,isthehighlightofthebuilding.Alsoimpressivearethechantrychapels,thereredos(late-15th-centuryornamentalscreens),andtheelaboratelycarvedchoirstallsfeaturingflowersandplants,owlsandmonkeys,dragons,knightsandgreenmen.
JaneAustenisburiedhere;hergraveismarkedwithacommemorativeplaque.AlsoburiedinWinchesterCathedralarethebonesofmanySaxonkings,theremainsoftheVikingconquerorCanuteandhiswife,Emma,andtheremainsofWilliamRufus(WilliamII),sonofWilliamtheConqueror.
ThetranseptandcrossingtoweraresurvivorsfromtheNormanperiod(11thcentury),asisthecrypt.Thecrypthasanunusualfeature:
itstillfloodsperiodicallyinthewinter.InthecenterofthecryptisSoundII,amodernsculpturebyAnthonyGormleythatwasdesignedtostandinwater.
Thecathedral'slibrarycontainsover4,000books,includingseveralilluminatedmanuscriptsfromtheMiddleAges.EspeciallynotableareBishopMorley's17th-centurybookcollectionandanexhibitionroomcontainsthe12th-centuryWinchesterBible.
TheTriforiumshowssculpture,woodwork,andmetalworkfrom11centuriesandprovidesmagnificentviewsovertherestofthecathedral.
TheCloseoncecontainedthedomesticbuildingsforthemonksofthePrioryofSt.Swithun.MostofthesebuildingsweredestroyedduringHenryVIII'sDissolutionoftheMonasteries.
StuffaboutVariableData
∙TheBuilding
∙TheWriter
TheBuilding
Engl
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 完整版 英文 Cathedral