高考词汇表重点词汇讲解.docx
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高考词汇表重点词汇讲解.docx
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高考词汇表重点词汇讲解
高考词汇表重点词汇讲解
撰稿:
王俊宏 审稿:
牛新革 责编:
陈玉莲
高考词汇表重点词汇讲解
give
vt.&vi.(gave,given)给;赠与;授予;献出;提出;举行
Giveourbestwishestoyourfather.(给)
HewasgiventheawardofBestActorlastyear.(授予)
LiuHulangaveherlifetothemotherland.(献出)
giveadviceon(提出);giveaconcert/talk/lecture(举行)
词组:
giveaway分发;泄露
giveback归还
givein屈服,让步
giveoff发出
giveout发出;分发;耗尽,筋疲力尽
giveup让;放弃
go
vi.(went,gone)去;离开;属于;运转;进行;变成
Wheredoesthisroadgo?
(通向)
Everythingwentwellwithme.(运转,进行)
词组:
gofishing/hunting/shopping/sightseeing/skating/boating
gotoschool/church
gomad发疯
gobad变质
goabout从事
goafter追求
goagainst违反;不利于
goahead前进;可以
goby走过;过去
godown下去;下降
gofor去取;努力获取
goinfor从事;酷爱
goon进行;继续(可以接withsth.或doingsth.)
goout出去;熄灭
goover仔细检查;复习
goround/around四处走动;流传
gothrough经历;浏览;做完
goup上升;增长
gowith与…相配
gowrong出毛病
good
adj.好的;有益的;擅长的n.利益,好处;好,善
goodeyesightagoodmany
It’sgoodforyourhealthtotakeawalkinthemorning.
Heisgoodatpainting.
It’snogoodarguingwithhim跟他争吵没有用。
词组:
benogood没有用;不好
dogoodto/dosbgood对……有益
grade
n.等级;年级;评分vt.给……评分
Thejewelsareofthehighestgrade.
HeisinGrade3.
Thepapersarebeinggraded.正在评卷。
graduate
n.毕业生vi.毕业(和from连用)adj.研究生的
HeisagraduateofYale.
HegraduatedfromOxfordUniversity.
takeagraduatecourseinphysics攻读研究生物理课程
agraduatestudent研究生
扩展:
graduationn.毕业
grasp
vt.抓住;理解n.抓;掌握
Graspall,loseall.贪多必失。
Heisreadytograspanyopportunity.
Ididn’tgrasphismeaning.
词组:
haveathoroughgraspof彻底了解
beyond/withinsb.’sgrasp为某人所不能/能够理解
grow
vi.(grew,grown)生长;变得;产生vt.种植;留(须、发等)
Ricegrowsinwarmclimates.(vi.)
Hehasgrownsixinchestaller.(vi.)
Itbegantogrowdark.(vi.)
Riceisgrowninthesouth.(vt.)
词组:
growup成熟;长大
扩展:
growthn.生长;发展
habit
n.习惯
Habitissecondnature.
词组:
beinthehabitof有……的习惯
fallinto/getintothehabitof沾染上……的习惯
form/develop/havethe/ahabitof…养成/有……的习惯
half
n.一半adj.一半的adv.一半地;差不多
Cuttheappleinhalf(=intohalves).
onehourandahalf=oneandahalfhours
halfanhour半个小时
Don’tleavetheworkhalfdone.工作不要半途而废。
hand
n.手;指针;人手;帮助;方面vt.传递
Manyhandsmakelightwork.人多好办事。
Pleasehandmethebook./Pleasehandthebooktome.
词组:
athand在手边;在附近;即将到来
byhand用手,手工
give/lendsb.ahand伸手相助
on(the)onehand…ontheotherhand…一方面……另一方面……
handdown把……传下来
handin交上
handinhand手拉手
handout分发
handover移交
hang
vt.悬挂(hung,hung);绞死(hanged,hanged)vi.挂着;吊着(hung,hung)
Hehangedhimselfinsorrowafterhiswifedied.
Hispictureishanginginthelivingroom.(表示东西挂在某处,通常用主动式)
词组:
hangon坚持下去;不挂断
hangup挂断
happen
vi.发生;碰巧(接不定式或从句)
Nobodyexpectedsuchathingwouldhappentohim.(happen不用于被动语态;后接介词to)
Doyouhappentoknowwhat’sonafterthenew?
Hehappenedtobepassingbywhentheaccidenthappened.
(happen后的不定式使用进行式表示正在发生,使用完成式表示发生过)
Ithappenedthathewaspassingbywhenithappened.
hard
adj.硬的;困难的adv.努力地;猛烈地
Thewoodishard.(adj.)
Heishardtogetalongwith.(adj.)
Heworkshardfortheexamination.(adv.)
Itisraininghard(=heavily).(adv.)
注意:
不可以说HeishardtolearnEnglishwell.应该为:
ItishardforhimtolearnEnglishwell.
比较:
hardlyadv.几乎不
hardly
adv.几乎不;简直不
Shecouldhardlykeephereyesopen.
注意:
hardly用作否定词。
Hecanhardlywalk,canhe?
句式:
hardly…when…刚……就
Hehadhardlygottothestationwhenitbegantorain.=
Hardlyhadhegottothestationwhenitbegantorain.(hardly位于句首,句子要倒装)
harm
n.伤害;危害vt.损害
Heprotectedhissonfromanyharm.
Don’tharmyoureyesbyreadingindimlight.
词组:
doharmto/dosb.harm对……有害
扩展:
harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.无害的
beharmfulto对……有害
harmony
n.一致;和睦
词组:
in/outofharmonywith与……协调/不协调
扩展:
harmoniousadj.和谐的harmonioussociety
have
vt.(had,had)有;进行;从事;患有;经历;吃,喝;使
haveatry试一试;haveawalk/bath/drink/look/rest/swim/talk
haveameeting/holiday/anoperation
haveacold/fever/headache
haveagoodjourney/time
后接复合宾语:
havesb.do让某人做某事;havesth.done让/找人做某事;havesb./sth.doing让……持续地做某事;havesth.todo有某事要做
词组:
havea…time(doingsth.)过得……
have…on穿着;有……事
havesomething/nothing/alot/agreatdealtodowith与……有关/无关/关系很大
haveto(=havegotto)不得不
head
n.头,前头;领导;头脑v.前进(和for连用)
Hitthesnakeonthehead.
standonone’shead倒立
useyourhead动动脑筋
Theyheadedforthevillageimmediately.
Thecarheadedwest.那辆车朝西驶去。
health
n.健康;卫生
Healthisbetterthanwealth.
Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlydoesgoodtoyourhealth.
词组:
beingood/poorhealth身体好/不好
扩展:
healthyadj.健康的
hear
v.(heard,heard)听见;听说
Iheardacoindrop.(宾补用动词原形表示动作的全过程)
Iheardsomeoneshoutingforhelp.(宾补用动词的现在分词表示动作正在进行)
Heheardhisnamedcalled.(宾补用动词的过去分词表示该动作和宾补的被动关系)
Ihearthatyouneedhelp.
词组:
hearabout听说有关……的情况
hearof听说
hearfrom收到……的来信
辨析:
hear表示听的结果;listento表示听的动作。
例如:
Welistenedbutcouldhearnothing.
练习:
1.Mr.Zhao’senthusiasmhasinspiredhimtoconcentratemoreonhistorylessonsand
his______haveimprovedagreatdeal.
A.gifts B.growths C.glories D.grades
2.Whatisthematterwiththedish?
Ican’tbearit.Iwantto_____awordwithyour
manager.
A.speak B.say C.talk D.have
3.Theactivityiscalled“savingtheearth”whichreferstomorereductionof________
causedtotheworldbyfreon(氟里昂)ofrefrigerators.
A.injury B.harm C.ruin D.wound
4.Weshouldtakemeasurestoreducepollutionsothatthehumanbeingsmaylivein______
withnature.
A.hand B.harvest C.health D.harmony
5.Ifapersonhasnothadenoughsleep,hisactionswillgivehim_____duringtheday.
A.away B.up C.in D.back
6.Idon’t______rock‘n’roll.It’smuchtoonoisyformytaste.
A.goafter B.goaway C.gointo D.goinfor
7.—Doyouthinkthehousingpricewillkeep_____intheyearstocome?
—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.
A.liftingup B.goingup C.bringingup D.growingup
8.—CouldIaskyouaratherpersonalquestion?
—Sure,_____.
A.pardonme B.goahead C.goodidea D.forgetit
9.Inthegoodcareofthenurses,theboyis_____recoveringfromhisheartoperation.
A.quietly B.actually C.practically D.gradually
10.Iwouldbe_____ifyoucouldgivemeanearlyreply.
A.pleasant B.grateful C.satisfied D.helpful
11.—Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall,arethey?
—_____.
A.Iguessnotso B.Idon’tguess
C.Idon’tguessso D.Iguessnot
12.I’mtryingtobreakthe_____ofgettinguptoolate.
A.tradition B.convenience C.habit D.leisure
13.Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore,but___IenjoytheworkI’mdoingatthemoment.
A.inotherwords B.ontheotherhand
C.foronething D.asamatteroffact
14.Itiscertainthathewill_____hisbusinesstohisson.
A.takeover B.thinkover C.handover D.goover
15.Sorry,Ihaveto_____now.It’stimeforclass.
A.hangup B.breakup C.giveup D.holdup
16.Imustbegettingfat—Ican_____domytrousersup.
A.fairly B.hardly C.nearly D.seldom
17.—Jack,_____,butyourradioisgoingtooloud.
—Oh,I’msorry.I’llturnitdownrightnow.
A.I’dliketotalkwithyou B.I’mreallytiredofthis
C.Ihatetosaythis D.Ineedyourhelp
18.Thedirectorhadherassistant_____somehotdogsforthemeeting.
A.prepare B.prepared C.prepares D.preparing
19.Couldyoupleasetellmewhereyouboughttheshoesyou______yesterday?
A.triedon B.puton C.hadon D.pulledon
20.—Whendidyoulasthear_____John?
—Hephonedmethismorning,andweagreed______atimeandplacetomeet.
A.of;to B.about;with C.from;with D.from;on
答案与解析:
1.D.grade表示“分数,成绩”
2.D.haveawordwith和……谈一谈。
其他的不能构成搭配表示这个意思。
3.B.harm危害;injury指外伤;ruin指彻底的破坏;wound指枪械导致的伤口
4.D.inharmonywith词组,表示“与……和谐相处”。
5.A.giveaway泄露;giveup放弃;givein屈服;giveback归还
6.D.goinfor喜欢;goafter追求;goaway离开;gointo进入
7.B.goup上升;liftup举起;bringup培养;growup长大
8.B.goahead表示许可;pardonme表示没有听清楚,请对方重复;goodidea表示赞同对方的提议;
forgetit用于安慰别人时。
9.D.gradually逐渐地;quietly安静地;actually事实上;practically实际上
10.B.grateful感激的;pleasant令人愉快的;satisfied满意的;helpful有帮助的
11.D.表示赞同对方的看法,“我想他们做得不好。
”其他结构均为错误形式。
12.C.habit习惯;tradition传统,不用于个人
13.B.ontheotherhand另一方面;inotherwords换句话说;foronething一者;
asamatteroffact事实上
14.C.handover移交;takeover接管;thinkover仔细考虑;goover复习
15.A.hangup挂断;breakup击碎,破裂;giveup放弃;holdup举起,耽误
16.B.hardly几乎不;fairly相当,还算;nearly几乎;seldom很少
17.C.C最符合语境,显得有礼貌。
18.A.havesb.do让某人做
19.C.haveon穿着;tryon试穿;puton穿上;pullon匆忙穿上
20.D.hearfrom收到某人的来信/信息;agreeon在某事上达成一致意见
阅读理解训练
A
TheCostofHigherEducation
Individuals(个人)shouldpayfortheirhighereducation.
Auniversityeducationisofhugeanddirectbenefittotheindividual.Graduatesearnm
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