中考被动语态专项训练讲解+句型转换docx.docx
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中考被动语态专项训练讲解+句型转换docx.docx
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中考被动语态专项训练讲解+句型转换docx
中考被动语态专项训练-讲解+句型转换
主动语态与被动语态
一.概念:
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
二.被动语态的构成:
助动词be+及物动词的过去分词
三.被动语态的时态:
以为work例:
1.一般现在时:
am/is/are+worked
2.一般过去时:
was/were+worked
3.一般将来时:
shall/will+be+worked
4.过去将来时:
should/would+worked
5.现在进行时:
am/is/are+being+worked
6.过去进行时:
was/were+being+worked
7.过去进行时:
was/were+being+worked
8.现在完成时:
have/has+been+worked
9.过去完成时:
had+been+worked
10.将来完成时:
shall/will+havebeen+worked
11.过去将来完成时:
should/would+havebeen+worked
12.情态动词(can/may/must/shouldetc.)+be+动词的过去分词
四.用法:
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
五.方法:
ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)
Englishisspokenbymanypeople.(被动语态)
六.注意以下问题:
A.带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态时,可以把其中一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,若将
直接宾语(sth.)变为主语,须根据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for.
用to的常见词有:
give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,take,bringetc.用for的常见词有:
make,choose,sing,play,draw,save,buy,get,leave,cooketc.
eg.
1.Marygavehimsomebooks.
HewasgivensomebooksbyMary.SomebooksweregiventohimbyMary.
2.Herfatherboughtheranewbike.
Shewasboughtanewbikebyherfather.
Anewbikewasboughtforherbyherfather.
B.带复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语,宾语补足语不可变为主语。
eg.1.WecallhimGina.
HeiscalledGina(byus).
2.Theymademehappy.
Iwasmadehappy(bythem).
3.Heaskedmetocomehere.Iwasaskedtocomehere(byhim)
C.在see,let,make,hear,watchetc.动词之后,作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to,但
在变为被动语态时,则一定要加上to。
eg.
1.Wesawthemplayfootballjustnow.Theywereseentoplayfootballjustnow.
2.WeoftenhearhersinginEnglish.
SheisoftenheardtosinginEnglish.
D.在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中,变被动语态时,注意不要丢掉介词/副词。
eg.
1.Peopleoftentalkaboutthatfilm.Thatfilmisoftentalkedabout.
2.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.Theoldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely.
E.当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时,将宾语变为被动结构中的主语,其余
不动。
例如:
Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.
F.need表示需要时,后面常接doing形式表示被动意义,相当于
tobedone.Allthecomputersneedrepairing.=
Allthecomputersneed_______________.
被动语态专项练习
1.
AlargenumberofpeoplespeakFrenchinParis.
French______________alargenumberofpeopleinParis.
2.
TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.
Silk__________________inSuzhou.
3.
Doeshecleantheroomeveryday?
______theroom__________________everyday?
4.Weoftensingthissong.____________________________________________.
5.Doeshecleantheroomeveryday?
______theroom__________________everyday?
6.Didhepaintthewindowred?
______thewindow______________________?
7.Mycousinrepairedthebrokenwatch.
Thebrokenwatch______________mycousin.
8.
Theybuiltabridgebetweenthetwoislandslastyear.
Abridge________________betweenthetwoislandslastyear.
9.
Wheredidtheyplanttrees?
Where_________trees_________?
10.Hebrokehisleginthematch.________________________.11.Wewillgiveabirthdaypartytomorrow.
___________________________________________.
12.Shewillsellherhousesoon.___________________________________________.
13.Wewillbuildanewlibrarythisyear.
Anewlibrary____________________by_______thisyear.
14.PeoplearestillcuttingdowntoomanytreesintheUSA.
______________________________________________________.
15.Heisrepairingthemachine.___________________________________________.
16.Aretheyteachingforeignlanguagesthere?
______foreignlanguages________________there?
17.Areyougoingtomakeanewplane?
____anewplane_____________________?
18.Hehasfinishedhiswork.________________________________________.
19.Havetheyfinishedthenewproject?
______thenewproject_____________by______?
20.Weshouldplantthetreesaroundthelake.
Thetrees________________aroundthelake.
21.Youcanborrowtwobooksatatime.
Twobooks___________________________atatime.
22.Wecallmathsthelanguageofscience.
Maths__________________thelanguageofscience.
23.Theteachermadethestudentscopythetext.
Thestudents___________________________copythetext.
24.SomeonesawJohncrossthestreetjustnow.
John___________________________thestreetjustnowbysomeone.
25.Thebossmadetheworkersworkallday
Theworkers____________workalldaybytheboss.
26.Hegavemeabook
I____________abookbyhim.
Abook_____________mebyhim.
27.Mymothermademeacake.
I_________acakebymymother
Acake____________mebymymother.
28.IheardTomsingingjustnow
Tom_______________bymejustnow.
29.Weshouldtakecareoftheold.Theoldshould_____________________.
30.Myauntboughtmeapresentonmybirthday.
I_________apresentbymyauntonmybirthday.
Apresent______________mebymyauntonmybirthday.
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2.中国传统文化源远流长,代代相传。
近期各校都在开展学习中国传统文化活动。
某网站正在开展以“弘扬中国传统文化”为题征文,请你用英文写一篇报道,介绍你校上周举办
的“讲中国成语故事”活动并谈谈你的收获与感受。
提示词语:
Chineseidioms,story,collect,share,learnfrom,acient
提示问题:
●Whatdidyoudoduringtheactivityof"TellingChineseidiomsstory"?
●Whatdidyoulearnfromtheactivity?
●Whatdoyouthinkofit?
【答案】Theactivityof“TellingChineseidiomsstory”washeldinourschoollastweek.
Inordertotakepartinthisactivity,IcollectedlotsofChineseidiomstoriesinadvance.Many
students,includingme,activelysharedtheChineseidiomstoriesintheactivity.Aftereachstory,
theteacherexplainedthemeaningofidiomsandhowtouseitcorrectly.Welearnedalotfrom
ourteacher.
Ididlotsofreadingintheprocessofpreparation.Myreadingabilityhasimprovedgreatly.What
more,IrealizedtherichnessofChineseacientculture.Ireallyhadagoodtimeontheactivity.
’s
【解析】
【详解】
1.题干解读:
这是一篇提纲类书面表达,只给了一些要点提示,但都不很明确。
学生除了要把所给要点提示都表达出来外,还要进行适当拓展,使文章内容充实。
2.例文点评:
例文采用三段式;用第一人称来叙述讲成语故事活动;因为活动已经举办,所以时态采用一般过去时;对参加活动的过程描写完整且条理清晰。
3.高分亮点:
短语:
inorderto,takepartin,lotsof,learnfrom,intheprocessof,What’smore,havea
goodtime。
句型:
被动句型。
3.4月23日是“世界读书日”,你校英语俱乐部正在开展主题为“多读书,读好书”的活动。
假如你是李华,请你写一封倡议书,向全体同学发出号召。
内容包括:
应该读什么样的
书,以及读书的意义。
提示词语:
story,novel,knowledge,improve,important
提示问题:
●Whatkindofbooksshouldweread?
●
Whydoweread?
Dearstudents,theWorldReadingDayiscoming.
SoI’mhereagaintocallonallofustoreadmorebooksandreadgoodbooks.
LiHua
【答案】例文
Dearstudents,theWorldReadingDayiscoming.Asamiddleschoolstudent,everyoneshouldreadbooks.Firstly,readingincreasesourknowledgeandwecanlearntheworldaffairswithoutgoingout.Secondly,readingisagoodwaytoimprovereadingandwritingskills.Finally,readingcanbroadenourknowledgeandhorizon,whichisimportanttojobhuntinginthefuture.Therefore,starttoreading,nomatterhowoldyouareandwhatyouaredoing.
SoI’mhereagaintocallonallofustoreadmorebooksandreadgoodbooks.
LiHua
【解析】
【详解】
题干解读:
该题目属于应用文写作,但写作时要按照应用文格式写,写作时承接短文开
头,写出对学生的倡议。
例文点评:
例文采用的是一段式,写的是阅读的好处,时态采用的是一般现在时,描述倡
议时,描写细致,条理清晰。
高分亮点:
短语:
Firstly;Secondly;Finally;agoodwaytodosth;broadenourknowledgeand
horizon。
句型:
readingisagoodwaytoimprovereadingandwritingskills
;readingcanbroadenour
knowledgeandhorizon,whichisimportanttojobhuntinginthefuture。
4.假如你是班长李华,今天你们班对即将到来的暑假计划进行了讨论。
你们班的外教
David对此很感兴趣。
请你根据以下信息,给
David写一封电子邮件,告诉他讨论的情况及
你自己本人的计划及原因。
比例
计划
原因
50%
去国内外旅游
1.放松;2.欣赏美景
30%
多读一些书
1.增长知识;2.培养兴趣
20%
参加社会实践
1.锻炼自己;2.结识朋友
你的计划
?
(至少一个)
?
(请你补充)
注意:
(1)
邮件应包含所有要点
(2)
词数80个左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入词数
);
(3)
不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息,否则不予评分
注:
社会实践socialpracticeactivities
DearDavid
I'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutourdiscussiontoday.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Bestwishes!
Yours
LiHua
【答案】DearDavid
I'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutourdiscussiontoday.
Thestudentshavetheirownplansabouthowtospendameaningfulsummervacation.Halfofthestudentsplantotravelathomeandabroad.Theywanttorelaxandenjoythebeautifulscenery.Thirtypercentofstudentsplantoreadmorebooks.Theybelievethatreadingcanincreaseknowledge.Readingbookscanmakepeoplesmartanddevelopinterests.20%ofthemplantotakepartinsocialpracticeactivities.Theywanttoexercisethemselvesandmakenewfriends.
I'mgoingtotakepartinsocialpracticeactivities,too.Iwanttolearnsomethingnewandgetgoodexperiencefromtheseactivities.
Bestwishes!
Yours
LiHua
【解析】
【详解】
这篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短语,为文章增色不少,如howtodo,spenda
meaningfulsummervacation,halfof,plantodo,travelathomeandabroad,enjoythebeautifulscenery,takepartin,socialpracticeactivities,makenewfriends等。
而非谓语动词结构Thestudentshavetheirownplansabouthowtospendameaningfulsummervacation./Readingbookscanmakepeoplesmartanddevelopinterests.和宾语从句Theybelievethatreadingcanincreaseknowledge.的运用,丰富了短文内容,使表达多样化,是本文的亮点。
在学习中注意总结牢记一些固定句式及短语,写作时就可以适当引用,使文章表达更有逻辑性,也更富有条理。
【点睛】
书面表达题既不是汉译英,也不是可任意发挥的作文。
它要求将所规定的材料内容经整理
后展开思维,考查运用所学英语知识准确表达意思的能力。
所以,考生不能遗漏要点,要
尽量使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句式,尽可能使用高级词汇和较复杂的句式结构以便得
到较高的分数。
5.请你根据以下内容提示,以“TheStoryofLingling为题,为”社区宣传专栏写一篇短文,介绍在玲玲身上发生的一件事。
(1)上周晚饭后玲玲和妈妈一起出去散步,在社区的门口看见一个钱包;
(2)玲玲把包起,包里有身份和一些;
(3)玲玲和把包交保安,保安把个消息到小区的微信群中;
(4)失主看到消息后,来取回包并玲玲和表示感;
(5)你得
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