大学英语听说教程4听力原文Unit 9.docx
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大学英语听说教程4听力原文Unit 9.docx
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大学英语听说教程4听力原文Unit9
Unit9
PartB
LifeGoesOn
ThecityofYpresinBelgiumhasbeeninvaded19times,mostfamouslyinWorldWarI.SometimeagoIwentwithtwofriendstovisitthebattlefieldsandcemeteriesthere,andparticularlytoseethetombofmyunclewhowaskilledinthewarattheageof20.
Michael,oursilver-hairedguide,tookusfirsttoaBritishcemetery,justoutsidethetown.Istaredatthelinesofgravestones,neatlyplantedwithherbsandflowers,thelowsurroundingwallsbloomingwithwisteria.Michaelpointedoutmyuncle'sgravetome.
Iwalkedhesitantlytowardit,wonderingwhatIwouldfeel.Andsuddenlythereitwas,andtherewerehundredsofothers.Nothingcouldhavepreparedmefortherealizationthatinthisareaaloneabout250,000BritishandCommonwealthsoldierswerekilled.Thereare75Britishcemeteries,ofwhichwevisitedjustafew.
Next,Michaeltookustoaplaceontheothersideofthecity.Thenamesof55,000missingsoldiersareengravedonitswalls.Westaredinawe."Morethanhalfamillionhorsesandmuleswerelost,andfifteentonsofunexplodedammunitionarestillcollectedeachyearfromthefields,"Michaeltoldus.
SomewayonwecametothelargestBritishcemeteryintheworld.Someheadstoneshavewordsofloveorgratitude:
"Hediedthatwemightlive,""Gonefromoursightbutnotfromourhearts."
"I'dlikeyoutovisitaGermancemeterybeforefinishing,"Michaelsaid.Thecemeteryisinwoodedland.Buttherearenoheadstones,onlyslabsinthegrass.Therearenoflowers,either.Thewholeplaceisdarkanddank.
Withsomereliefwereturnedtothecar.Aftersometime,wedrewupatagate.Here,hiddenfromtheroad,liesthePoolofPeace."ItwascreatedbyanexplosionsolouditwasheardinDowningStreet,"saidMichael.Welookedatthestillwaterreflectingthetreessurroundingit.Thereishardlyasound.
BythetimewereturnedtoYpres,itwasevening.ThecitywaspreparingfortheannualFestivaloftheCats,whichdatesfrommedievaltimes.Soontherewouldbedancinginthesquare.
Questions:
1.WhatdidthespeakerespeciallywanttoseeduringhisvisittoYpres?
2.WhowasMichael?
3.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheBritishcemeterythespeakerfirstvisited?
4.AbouthowmanyBritishandCommonwealthsoldiersdiedinthebattlesofYpres?
5.Abouthowmanytonsofunexplodedammunitionarestillcollectedfromthefieldseachyear?
6.WhydidthespeakerandhisfriendsfeelsomewhatrelievedwhentheyreturnedtothecaraftervisitingtheGermancemetery?
PartC
FlytheUnfriendlySky
BecauseWorldWarIhadbeenfoughtmainlyinthetrenches,manymilitaryexpertsofthe1920sbelievedthatfuturewarswouldalsohappenthere.AnexceptionwasU.S.armyofficerBillyMitchell,whoadvocatedtheuseofairpowerfromtheyearhelearnedtoflyin1916totheendofhislife.
DuringWorldWarIMitchellprovedhimselftobeahighlyeffectiveaircommander.HewasthefirstAmericanairmantoflyoverenemylines,andthroughoutthewarhewasregularlyintheair.
Afterthewar,Mitchellopenlyadvocatedthecreationofaseparateairforce.Heclaimedthattheairplanehadmadethebattleshipobsolete.Hisargumentforairpower,attheendoftheFirstWorldWar,wassounpopularthathefoughtforthreeyearsforthemerechancetoshowitseffectiveness.Hegotthechancein1921,whenhissuperiorslethimdropbombsonacapturedGermanbattleshiptoseewhatdamagehisnovelapproachmightbeabletocause.
Mitchellsaidairbornebombswouldsinktheship.Themilitary,forthemostpart,thoughthewasnuts.SecretaryofWarNewtonBaker,showingmasculinebraveryratherthancareandwisdom,said,"I'mwillingtostandonthebridgeofabattleshipwhilethatfooltriestohititfromtheair."Hisnavycounterpart,SecretaryJosephusDaniels,wasmoredirect.AshebelievedthatMitchell'sdreamofairpowerwaslittlemorethanaboyishfantasy,hesaid,"GoodGod!
Thismanshouldbewritingdimenovels."Theyallowedtheexperiment,anyway,probablytoexposetheairman'smadnesstothenewspapers.Withinmoments,theGermanbattleshipwasfoamonthewater.
However,thesuccessofthetestfailedtoconvincehissuperiors.Hisopencriticismofthemledtohistransfertoaminorpostandareversioninrank.Mitchelldidnotstopfighting.InSeptember1925,whenthenavy'sshipShenandoahwaslostinastorm,hemadeastatementtothepress,accusingtheWarandNavyDepartmentofincompetence,criminalnegligenceandalmosttreasonableadministrationofnationaldefense.Forhisboldremarks,hewas,asheexpected,immediatelycourt-marshaledandwasconvictedinDecemberthatyearofinsubordinationandsentencedtofiveyears'suspensionfromrankandpay.
BillyMitchelldiedin1936.Fiveyearslater,onDecember7,1941,theU.S.battleshipArizonawassenttothebottomoftheseabyJapanesebombers.Over1,200Americanservicemendiedaboardthatvessel,proving"crazy"Billy'stheoryunderwartimeconditions.ManyofhisideaswereadoptedbytheAmericanAirForceinWorldWarII.In1946theAmericanCongressauthorizedaspecialmedalinhishonor,whichwaspresentedtohissontwoyearslaterbytheChiefofStaffofthenewlyestablishedindependentAirForce.
Questions:
1.WhowasBillyMitchell?
2.WhatdidMitchelladvocate?
3.HowdidmostpeopleinthemilitaryrespondtoMitchell'stheory?
4.WhathappenedtotheGermanbattleshipinMitchell'sexperiment?
5.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
6.WhatwastheresultofMitchell'sboldcriticismofhissuperiors?
7.WhydoesthespeakermentionthesinkingoftheU.S.battleshipArizona?
8.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBillyMitchell?
PartD
TheRedCross
In1859ayoungSwissbusinessmansawsomethingwhichwastochangehislifeandinfluencethecourseofhistory.TheyoungmanwasJeanHenriDunantwhowitnessedthebloodbathfollowingtheBattleofSloferino,inItaly.Hewasdeeplyshockedbythedreadfulsufferingofthewoundedfrombothsideswhowereleftlargelyuncaredfor.
Thisappallingscenewasthebirthplaceofamagnificenthumanidea.Dunantappealedtotheleadersofnationstofoundsocietiesdevotedtotheaidofthewoundedinwartime.FiveSwisscitizensformedacommittee,whichlaterbecametheICRC,andissuedacallforaninternationalconference.InOctober1863aconferencewasheldinGenevaandwasattendedbydelegatesfrom16nations.AnotherconferencewasheldinGenevathefollowingyearandofficialdelegatesof12nationssignedthefirstGenevaConvention,layingdownrulesforthetreatmentofthewoundedandfortheprotectionofmedicalpersonnelandhospitals.Itwasalsoatthismeetingthatthefamoussymbolofthemovement,thewhiteflagbearingaredcross,wasadopted.Thesymbolwaslatermodifiedinnon-Christiancountries.In1986theMovement'snamewaschangedtoincludetheRedCrescent,theorganization'snameinmostMuslimnations.
TodaytheInternationalRedCrossandRedCrescentMovementistheworld'slargestvoluntaryorganization,withaglobalmembershipcloseto250,000,000,andaNationalSocietyinalmosteverycountryoftheworld.Itisaninternationalhumanitarianagencydedicated,intimeofwar,toeasingthesufferingsofwoundedsoldiers,civilians,andprisonersofwar.Intimeofpeace,itprovidesmedicalaidandotherhelptopeopleafflictedbymajordisasterssuchasfloods,earthquakes,epidemics,andfaminesandperformsotherpublic-servicefunctions.
Dunantwasaco-recipientofthefirstNobelPeacePrizein1901.ItwashisvisionthatleddirectlytothefoundingoftheRedCross,thesigningoftheFirstGenevaConvention,andtheadoptionoftheRedCross,andlatertheRedCrescent,asaninternationalsymbolofprotection.
Statements:
1.JeanHenriDunantisconsideredtobethefounderoftheInternationalRedCross.
2.DunantwasawardedtheNobelPrizeformakingtheRedCrosstheworld'slargestvoluntaryorganization.
3.ThefirstGenevaConventionwassignedbythedelegatesfrom16nationsatthe1863conference.
4.ThesymboloftheRedCrossmovementwasadoptedataninternationalconferencein1864.
5.TheRedCrossandtheRedCrescentarethesymbolsofthesameinternationalorganization.
6.ThereisanationalsocietyoftheRedCross/RedCrescentineverycountryoftheworld.
7.TheInternationalRedCrossprovideshumanitarianservicesinbothtimeofwarandtimeofpeace.
8.TheInternationalRedCrossoperatesasanagencyundertheUnitedNations.
Unit10
PartB
AVictimofDrugs
Margaretfrownedassheshookthecanofdeodorant.Itwasalmostemptybutshe'donlyhaditaweek--surelyshecouldn'thaveuseditall?
Thefirstfewtimesithappenedshethoughtshewasgettingmixedup.Sheaskedthekidsifthey'duseditbuttheysaidno.Soshethoughtitmusthaveevaporated.
Overthenextfewmonths,her15-year-olddaughterLisa'sjewelrybegantodisappearandsodidanyloosechange.Shewasworriedbutshecouldn'tbelieveitwhenhertwoeldersonsblamedtheir13-year-oldbrotherPaulforthat.ThenPaul'sschoolwrotetosayhewasdisruptiveandwasplayingtruant.Margaretandherhusbandtriedtotalktohimbuthejustwouldn'tlisten.
OnenightPaulwascaughtbreakingintotheschoolandhewasexpelled.Margaretaskedhimwhatwasthematterbuthejustshrugged.Duringthesummerthingswentdownhill.Hewasalwaysoutwithagangofolderboys.Ifshetriedtokeephiminhe'dclimboutofawindow.Shehadnocontroloverhim.Sheknewsomethingwaswrongbutitneveroccurredtoherthathewastakingdrugs.
O
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