国科大英语博士研究生考试试题.docx
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国科大英语博士研究生考试试题.docx
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国科大英语博士研究生考试试题
2016年中国科学院大学英语博士研究生考试试题
(样题)
SAMPLETEST
UNIVERSITYOFCHINESEACADEMYOFSCIENCES
ENGLISHENTRANCEEXAMINATION
FOR
DOCTORALCANDIDATES
PAPERONE
PARTIVOCABULARY(15minutes,10points,0。
5pointeach)
Directions:
Choosethewordorexpressionbeloweachsentencethatbestcompletesthestatement,andmarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet。
1.Tenyearsago,ahousewithadecentbathroomwasa__________symbolamonguniversityprofessors.
A.postB。
statusC。
positionD.place
2。
Itwouldbefarbetterifcollectorscouldbepersuadedtospendtheirtimeandmoneyinsupportof___________archaeologicalresearch。
A。
legibleB.legitimate
C.legislativeD。
illicit
3.Weseekasocietythathasatits__________arespectforthedignityandworthoftheindividual.
A.endB。
hand
C。
coreD.best
4.Avarietyofproblemshavegreatly_________thecountry'snormaleducationaldevelopment。
A。
impededB。
imparted
C。
imploredD.implemented
5.Agoodeducationisanassetyoucan________fortherestofyourlife。
A.spelloutB。
callupon
C。
falloverD.resortto
6。
Oilcanchangeasocietymore____________thananyonecouldeverhaveimagined.
A.grosslyB.severely
C.rapidlyD.drastically
7.Beneathitsmyriadrules,thefundamentalpurposeof___________istomaketheworldapleasanterplacetolivein,andyouamorepleasantpersontolivewith.
A.elitismB。
eloquence
C.eminenceD.etiquette
8。
TheNewTestamentwasnotonlywrittenintheGreeklanguage,butideasderivedfromGreekphilosophywere_____________inmanypartsofit。
A.alteredB.criticized
C.incorporatedD.translated
9。
NobodywilleverknowtheagonyIgo__________waitingforhimtocomehome。
A.overB。
with
C。
downD.through
10。
Whileacountry’seconomyisbecomingthemostpromisingintheworld,itspeopleshouldbemore____________abouttheirqualityoflife.
A。
discriminatingB.distributing
C。
disagreeingD。
disclosing
11.Cheatedbytwoboyswhomhehadtruston,Josephpromisedto____________them。
A。
findfaultwithB。
makethemostof
C.lookdownuponD.getevenwith
12.TheMinister’s_________answerlettoanoutcryfromtheOpposition。
A.impressiveB。
evasive
C。
intensiveD.exhaustive
13。
Inproportionasthe____________betweenclasseswithinthenationdisappearsthehostilityofonenationtoanotherwillcometoanend。
A。
intoleranceB。
pessimism
C.injusticeD.antagonism
14。
Everyonedoestheirownthing,tothepointwhereafifth—gradeteachercan't__________onafourth-gradeteacherhavingtaughtcertainthings.
A。
countB。
insist
C。
fallD。
dwell
15。
Whenthefirebrokeoutinthebuilding,thepeoplelosttheir__________andranintotheelevator。
A。
heartsB。
tempers
C.headsD。
senses
16.Consumersdeprivedoftheinformationandadvicetheyneededwerequitesimply___________everycheatinthemarketplace。
A。
atthemercyofB。
inlieuof
C。
bycourtesyofD.forthepriceof
17.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson'spensioninHongKongwasonly70percentofthevalueofthe_________Singaporepension.
A.equivalentB.similar
C.consistentD。
identical
18.Hebecameawarethathehadlosthisaudiencesincehehadnotbeenabletotalk____________。
A。
honestlyB.graciously
C.coherentlyD。
flexibly
19。
Thenovel,whichisaworkofart,existsnotbyits_____________life,butbyitsimmeasurabledifferencefromlife.
A。
significanceinB.imaginationat
C。
resemblancetoD.predominanceover
20.Shewasartfulandcouldalways____________herparentsintheend。
A。
shoutdownB.getround
C。
complywithD。
passover
PARTIICLOZETEST(15minutes,15points)
Directions:
Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesgivenintheoppositecolumn。
MarkthecorrespondingletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine—scoringAnswerSheet。
Weareenteringaperiodinwhichrapidpopulationgrowth,thepresenceofdeadlyweapons,anddwindlingresourceswillbringinternationaltensionstodangerouslevelsforanextendedperiod。
Indeed,21seemsnoreasonfortheselevelsofdangertosubsideunlesspopulationequilibriumis22andsomeroughmeasureoffairnessreachedinthedistributionofwealthamongnations.23ofadequatemagnitudeimplyawillingnesstoredistributeincomeinternationallyonamoregenerous24thantheadvancednationshaveevidencedwithintheirowndomains。
Therequiredincreasesin25inthebackwardregionswouldnecessitategiganticapplicationsofenergymerelytoextractthe26resources.
Itisuncertainwhethertherequisiteenergy—producingtechnologyexists,andmoreserious,27thatitsapplicationwouldbringustothethresholdofanirreversiblechangeinclimate28aconsequenceoftheenormousadditionofmanmadeheattotheatmosphere.Itisthis29problemthatposesthemostdemandinganddifficultofthechallenges。
Theexisting30ofindustrialgrowth,withnoallowanceforincreasedindustrializationtorepairglobalpoverty,hold31theriskofenteringthedangerzoneofclimaticchangeinas32asthreeorfourgenerations.Ifthetrajectoryisinfactpursued,industrialgrowthwill33havetocometoanimmediatehalt,foranothergenerationortwoalongthat34wouldliterallyconsumehuman,perhapsalllife.Theterrifyingoutcomecanbepostponedonlytotheextentthatthewastageofheatcanbereduced,35thattechnologiesthatdonotaddtotheatmosphericheatburden—forexample,theuseofsolarenergy—canbeutilized.(1996)
21。
A.oneB。
itC。
thisD。
there
22.A.achievedB.succeededC.producedD。
executed
23.A.TransfersB.TransactionsC。
TransportsD。
Transcripts
24。
A.extentB.scaleC.measureD.range
25.A。
outgrowthB。
outcropC。
outputD.outcome
26。
A。
neededB.needyC。
needlessD。
needing
27.A.possibleB。
possiblyC。
probableD。
probably
28.A。
inB。
withC.asD。
to
29。
A。
leastB。
lateC.latestD.last
30。
A.raceB。
paceC。
faceD.lace
31.A。
onB。
upC.downD.out
32。
A。
lessB.fewerC.manyD。
little
33。
A.ratherB。
hardlyC.thenD。
yet
34.A。
lineB.moveC.driveD.track
35。
A.ifB。
orC.whileD。
as
PARTIIIREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SectionA(60minutes,30points)
Directions:
Beloweachofthefollowingpassagesyouwillfindsomequestionsorincompletestatements.EachquestionorstatementisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readeachpassagecarefully,andthenselectthechoicethatbestanswersthequestionorcompletesthestatement。
MarktheletterofyourchoicewithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourMachine—scoringAnswerSheet.
Passage1
Thewritingofahistoricalsynthesisinvolvesintegratingthematerialsavailabletothehistorianintoacomprehensiblewhole。
Theprobleminwritingahistoricalsynthesisishowtofindapatternin,orimposeapatternupon,thedetailedinformationthathasalreadybeenusedtoexplainthecausesforahistoricalevent。
Asynthesisseekscommonelementsinwhichtointerpretthecontingentpartsofahistoricalevent。
Theinitialstep,therefore,inwritingahistoricalsynthesis,istoputtheeventtobesynthesizedinaproperhistoricalperspective,sothatthecommonelementsorstrandsmakinguptheeventcanbedetermined。
Thiscanbeaccomplishedbyanalyzingthehistoricaleventaspartofageneraltrendorcontinuuminhistory.Thecommonelementsthatarefamiliartotheeventwillbecometheideologicalframeworkinwhichthehistorianseekstosynthesize。
Thisisnottosaythatanyfactorwillnothaveagreaterrelativevalueinthehistorian’shandlingoftheinterrelatedwhenviewedinabroadhistoricalperspective。
Thehistorian,insynthesizing,mustdeterminetheextenttowhichtheexistinghypotheseshavesimilartrends。
Ageneraltrendline,onceestablished,willenablethesesimilartrendstobecorrelatedandparalleledwithintheconceptualframeworkofacommonbase.Asynthesisfurtherseekstodetermine,fromexistinghypotheses,whyanoutcometookthedirectionitdid;thus,itnecessitatesreconstructingthespiritofthetimesinordertoassimilatethepolitical,social,psychological,etc。
,factorswithinacommonbase.
Assuch,thesynthesisbecomesthelogicalconstructininterpretingthecommongroundbetweenanoriginalexplanationofanoutcome(thesis)andthereinterpretationoftheoutcomealongdifferentlines(antithesis).Therefore,thesynthesisnecessitatestheintegrationofthematerialsavailableintoacomprehensiblewholewhichwillinturnprovideanewhistoricalperspectivefortheeventbeingsynthesized.
36。
Theauthorwouldmostlybeconcernedwith_____________。
A.findingthemostimportantcauseforaparticularhistoricalevent
B.determiningwhenhypothesesneedtobereinterpreted
C。
imposingapatternuponvaryinginterpretationsforthecausesofaparticularhistoricalevent
D。
attributingmanyconditionsthattogetherleadtoaparticularhistoricaleventortosinglemotive
37.Themostimportantpreliminarystepinwritingahistoricalsynthesiswouldbe____________.
A。
toaccumulatesufficientreferencematerialtoexplainanevent
B.analyzingthehistoricaleventtodetermineifa“singlethemetheory”applestotheevent
C。
determiningthecommonstrandsthatmakeupahistoricalevent
D.interpretinghistoricalfactorstodetermineifonefactorwillhaverelativelygreatervalue
38.Thebestdefinitionfortheterm“historicalsynthesis”wouldbe______________。
A。
combiningelementsofdifferentmaterialintoaunifiedwhole
B。
atentativetheorysetforthasanexplanationforanevent
C。
the
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