胡敏考研英语考前10天模拟冲刺试题一及答案精析1.docx
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胡敏考研英语考前10天模拟冲刺试题一及答案精析1.docx
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胡敏考研英语考前10天模拟冲刺试题一及答案精析1
胡敏考研英语考前10天模拟冲刺试题一及答案精析1
SectionⅠ UseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)
ThingsinthehenhousechangedpracticallyovernightwhenMcDonald’sannouncedin1999thatitwouldnolongerbuyeggsfromproducerswhodidn’tmeetitsguidelinesforcareofchickens.Thoseguidelinesincludedlimitingthe1ofbirdsthatcouldbekeptinone2andprohibitingbeakremoval,3trimmingjustthetips.
OnceMcDonald’shad4thewayinissuinganimalcareguidelinesforthecompany’ssuppliers,manyothergiantsofthefast�瞗oodindustryrapidlyfollowed5,includingBurgerKing,TacoBell,PizzaHut,Wendy’s,A&W.andKFC.Now,theAmericanMeatInstitutehas6welfareguidelinesandaudit7forcattle,pigs,andchickens.AndtheEuropeanUnion,representingourforeigncustomers,isalso8inwith,amongotherthings,legislationbanning9useofcratestohousepregnantsows,10in2013.
Questionsaboutanimalcare11withtheexplosivegrowthinlarge�瞫calelivestockfarms,12spurredcustomerstocomplainaboutanimalsbeingtreatedas“factoryparts.”ThatspurredARSandthelivestockindustrytotakeaproactiveapproachtoaddressinganimal13issues,makingsurethatguidelinesarebasedonfacts14throughscientificresearch.Thegoalistoshareresearchfindingswiththeretailfoodindustryandotherssothatthelivestockindustrycanimproveits15guidelines.
Tenyearsago,to16theseconcerns,ARSstartedaresearchprogramonlivestockbehaviorandstress.Thescientistsinvolvedweretaskedwithfindingoutwhethermodernfarmingpracticeswere17stressinganimals.Andifso,couldscientificmethodsbedevelopedtomeasurethisstresssothat18couldbeevaluatedobjectivelyratherthansubjectively?
Adecadelater,the19answeris“yes”tobothquestions.Manyhadexpectedtheanswertobe“no”onbothcounts,butscienceworksindependently20people’sopinions.
1.[A]amount [B]number [C]figure [D]sum
2.[A]cage [B]cave [C]case [D]cart
3.[A]butfor [B]exceptfor [C]asidefrom [D]awayfrom
4.[A]paved [B]changed [C]led [D]opened
5.[A]suit [B]step [C]set [D]super
6.[A]adapted [B]adopted [C]approved [D]accepted
7.[A]booklets [B]pamphlets [C]brochures [D]checklists
8.[A]measuring [B]weighing [C]considering [D]thinking
9.[A]prolonged [B]proceeded [C]programmed [D]progressed
10.[A]efficient [B]effective [C]effusive [D]elective
11.[A]raised [B]rose [C]arose [D]posed
12.[A]who [B]what [C]which [D]how
13.[A]health [B]life [C]wealth [D]welfare
14.[A]decided [B]determined [C]proved [D]tested
15.[A]voluntary [B]revolutionary [C]preliminary [D]necessary
16.[A]express [B]address [C]suppress [D]compress
17.[A]unduly [B]unequally [C]unfortunately [D]unfavorably
18.[A]performances [B]programs [C]problems [D]practices
19.[A]sequential [B]initial [C]essential [D]financial
20.[A]of [B]on [C]by [D]with
SectionⅡ ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1. (40points)
Text1
Commutertrainsareoftenstuffyandcrowded,andtheyfrequentlyfailtorunontime.Asifthatwerenotbadenough,TsuyoshiHondou,aphysicistatTohokuUniversityinJapan,publishedapaperin2002thatgavecommutersyetanotherreasontofeeluncomfortable.DrHondouexaminedmobilephoneusageinenclosedspacessuchasrailwaycarriages,busesandlifts,allofwhichare,inessence,metalboxes.Hismodelpredictedthatalargenumberofpassengerscrowdedtogether,allblathering,sendingtextmessages,orbrowsingthewebontheirphones,couldproducelevelsofelectromagneticradiationthatexceedinternationalsafetystandards.Thatisbecausetheradiowavesproducedbyeachphonearereflectedoffthemetalwallsofthecarriage,busorlift.Enoughradiationescapestoallowthephonetocommunicatewiththenetwork,buttherestbathestheinsideofthecarriagewithbouncingmicrowaves.
Thissoundsworrying.Butmaybeitisn’tafterall.InapaperpublishedrecentlyinAppliedPhysicsLetters,JaimeFerrerandLucasFernándezSeivanefromtheUniversityofOviedoinSpain—alongwithcolleaguesfromthePolytechnicUniversityofMadridandTelefónicaMóviles,aSpanishmobileoperator—disputeDrHondou’sfindings.Theyconcludethatthelevelofradiationissafeafterall.
Thekeyadditiontothenewresearchistheeffectofthepassengersthemselves.Whileeachphoneproducesradiationthatbouncesaroundthecar,thepassengersabsorbsomeofit,whichhastheeffectofreducingtheoverallintensity,justasthepresenceofanaudiencechangestheacousticsofaconcerthall,makingitlessreverberant.DrHondou’smodel,inshort,wasvalidonlyinthecaseofasinglepassengersittinginanemptycarriagewithanactivemobilephoneoneveryseat.
WhileDrHondouacknowledgedthisinhisoriginalpaper,hedidnotspecificallycalculatetheeffectthatleavingouttheotherpassengerswouldhaveontheradiationlevel.Asaresult,saytheauthorsofthenewpaper,hesignificantlyoverestimatedthelevelofelectromagneticradiation.Whenoneissittingonatrain,DrFerrerandhiscolleaguesfound,themostimportantsourcesofradiationareone’sownphone,andthoseofone’simmediateneighbours.Theradiationfromthesesourcesfarexceedsthatfromotherphonesorfromwavesbouncingaroundthecarriage.AndallthesesourcestogetherproducealevelofradiationwithintheboundsdefinedbytheICNIRP,theinternationalbodythatregulatessuchmatters.
21.Accordingtoparagraph1,theessentialcommoncharacteristicoftraincarriages,buses,andliftsisthat
A]theyareallmetalboxes.
[B]theyareoftenstuffyandovercrowded.
[C]theyallallowenoughradiationtoescapeformobilecommunicationstotakeplace.
[D]peopleusetheirmobilephonesinthem.
22.Howcould“levelsofelectromagneticradiationthatexceedinternationalsafetystandards”beproduced?
[A]Mobilephonesgiveoffalotofelectromagneticradiation.
[B]Traincarriages,buses,andliftsarenotsafeplacestousemobilephones.
[C]Alotofpeoplecouldusetheirmobilephonesinaconfinedspaceatthesametime.
[D]Blatheringproducesradiowaveswhichbouncearoundtheinterioroftheseplaces.
23.WhydotheSpanishresearchersdisputeDr.Hondou’stheory?
[A]Becausetheyarefundedbyamobilephoneoperator.
[B]Becausepeopleabsorbelectromagneticradiation.
[C]Becauseelectromagneticradiationisn’tdangerousatall.
[D]BecauseDr.Hondouassumedthateverysinglepersonwasusingtheirmobilephoneatexactlythesametime.
24.Dr.Hondou’sresearchwasnotthoroughenoughbecause
[A]hedidn’thaveenoughtimetoassesseverythingbeforehispaperwaspublished.
[B]hedidn’tadmitthatthepeopleintraincarriages,buses,andliftscouldinfluencethelevelofelectromagneticradiation.
[C]hedidn’tinvestigatetheeffectofpeopleonelectromagneticradiationlevels.
[D]Japanisacrowdedcountrywherepeopleoftenusemobilephones,soheonlylookedatthatspecificsituation.
25.AccordingtotheSpanishresearchers,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
[A]Thecloseryouaretoamobilephone,thegreateryourexposuretoelectromagneticradiation.
[B]Thecloseryouaretoamobilephonethatisbeingusedtosendandreceivesignals,thegreateryourexposuretoelectromagneticradiation.
[C]Theamountofelectromagneticradiationreflectedbymetalisalmosttoosmalltobemeasured.
[D]Youshouldn’tstandclosetopeoplewhoareusingtheirmobilephonesintraincarriages,buses,andlifts.
Text2
LastyearahighprofilepanelofexpertsknownastheCopenhagenConsensusrankedtheworld’smostpressingenvironmental,healthandsocialproblemsinaprioritizedlist.AssembledbytheDanishEnvironmentalAssessmentInstituteunderitsthendirector,BjornLomborg,thepanelusedcostbenefitanalysistoevaluatewherealimitedamountofmoneywoulddothemostgood.Itconcludedthatthehighestpriorityshouldgotoimmediateconcernswithrelativelywellunderstoodcures,suchascontrolofmalaria.Long�瞭ermchallengessuchasclimatechange,wherethepathforwardandeventhescopeofthethreatremainunclear,rankedlower.
Usuallyeachoftheseproblemsistreatedinisolation,asthoughhumanityhadtheluxuryofdealingwithitsproblemsonebyone.TheCopenhagenConsensususedstate�瞣f�瞭he�瞐rttechniquestotrytobringabroaderperspective.Insodoing,however,itrevealedhowthestateoftheartfailstograpplewithasimplefact:
thefutureisuncertain.Attemptstopredictithaveacheckeredhistory—fromdeclarationsthathumanswouldneverfly,tothedoom�瞐nd�瞘loomeconomicandenvironmentalforecastsofthe1970s,toclaimsthatthe“NewEconomy”woulddoawaywitheconomicupsanddowns.Notsurprisingly,thosewhomakedecisionstendtostayfocused
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