职称英语考试卫生类A级概括大意模拟试题word版.docx
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职称英语考试卫生类A级概括大意模拟试题word版.docx
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职称英语考试卫生类A级概括大意模拟试题word版
NiceNameButShe'sSoDeadly
1MorethanamillionpeopleintheUnitedStatesweretoldtoleavetheirhomesovertheweekendasHurricane(飓风)DennisheadedtotheGulfcoast,afterkillingatleast15peopleintheCaribbeanSea.
2Ifyoureadthenewsoftenenough,youmaynoticethatallhurricanesaregivennames.Whyisthat?
Remember,therecanbemorethanonehurricaneoperatingatonetime.Withoutnamingthem,wecouldgetconfusedaboutwhichstormwe'retalkingabout.
3Forhundredsofyears,hurricanesintheCaribbeanwerenamedaftertheparticularreligiousdayonwhichtheyoccurred.OneAustralianmeteorologist(气象学家)begangivingwomen'snamestotropicalstormsattheendofthe19t“century.In1953,theUSNationalWeatherService,whichisresponsiblefortrackinghurricanesandissuingwarnings,beganusingfemalenamesforstorms.By1979,bothwomenandmen'snameswerebeingused.Onenameforeachletterofthealphabet(字母表)isselected,exceptforQ,UandZ.
4Sowhodecideswhichnamesareusedeachyear?
TheWorldMeteorologicalOrganizationusessixlistsinrotation,soeachlistisreusedeverysixyears.
5Here'salistofthe2005Atlantichurricanes,accordingtotheUSNationalHurricaneCentre:
Arlene,Bret,Cindy,Dennis,Emily,Franklin,Gert,Harvey,Irene,Jose,Katrina,Lee,Maria,Nate,Ophelia,Philippe,Rita,Stan,Tammy,Vince,Wilma.
1Paragraph1
2Paragraph2
3Paragraph3
4Paragraph4
AReasonfornaminghurricanes
BWarningofanapproachinghurricane
CDeadlywomen
DHistoryofnaminghurricanes
EOrganizationresponsiblefornaminghurricanes
FWaystotrackhurricanes
5Overamillionpeoplewerewarnednot
6TheresponsibilityoftheUSNationalWeatherServiceis
7Hurricanesaregivennames
8Attheendofthe19thcentury,women'snamesstarted
AtotrackhurricanesandissueWarnings
Btoavoidconfusion
Ctostayathome
Dtobegiventotropicalstorms
Etomakepredictions
Ftokillatleast15people
参考答案
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.E5.C 6.A 7.B 8.D
Earthquake
Everyyearearthquakesareresponsibleforalargenumberofdeathsandavestamountofdestructioninvariouspartsoftheworld.MostofthesedamagingearthquakesoccureitherinanarrowbeltwhichsurroundsthePacificOceanorinalinewhichextendsfromBurmatotheAlpsinEurope.Someofthedestructionisdirectlycausedbythequakeitself.Anexampleofthisisthecollapseofbuildingsasaresultofthequakeitself.Otherdamageresultsfromlandslidesormajorfireswhichareinitiatedbythequake.
Thereareaboutamillionquakesayear.Fortunately,however,notallofthemaredestructive.TheintensityofanearthquakeismeasuredontheRichterScale,whichgoesfrom0upward.Thehighestscalerecordedtodateis8.9.Majordamagegenerallyoccursfromquakesrangingupwardsfrom6.0.
Theactualcauseofthequakeitselfisthebreakingofrocksatorbelowtheearthssurface.Thisisproducedbypressurewhichscientistsbelievemaybeduetoanumberofreasons,twoofwhicharetheexpansionandcontractionoftheearthscrustandcontinentaldrift.
Inordertolimitthedamageandtopreventsomeofthesufferingresultingfromearthquakes,scientistsareworkingonwaystoenableaccurateprediction.Specialinstrumentsareusedtohelppeoplerecord,forexample,shakingoftheearth.Scientistsaretryingtofindmethodsthatwillenablethemtoindicatetheexacttime,locationandsizeofanearthquake.
Certainphenomenahavebeenobservedwhicharebelievedtobesignsofimminentearthquakes.Theseincludestrangebehaviorsofsomeanimals,thechangesinthecontentofmineralwater,etc.Themagneticpropertiesofrocksmayalsodisplayspecialpatternbeforemajorearthquakeshappen.
EXERCISE:
1.Paragraph2_____.
2.Paragraph3_____.
3.Paragraph4_____.
4.Paragraph5_____.
AEarthquakesforecast
BHistoricalrecordsofearthquakes
CIntensitiesofearthquakes
DCauseofearthquakes
EIndicationsofearthquakes
FDamagingearthquakes
5.Notalldamageduringanearthquakeiscaused____.
6.Notallearthquakesarestrongenough___.
7.Scientistshavebeenworkinghardtowarnpeople___.
8.Earthquakescanbepredictedbyobserving___.
Abythequakeitself
Bnotbeprevented
Ctocausedamageofpropertyandlossoflives
Dofapossibleearthquake
Etheunusualbehaviorsofsomeanimals
Fthestrongbehaviorsofhumanbeings
KEY:
C D A E A C D E
HowdidEnglishBecomeaGlobalLanguage
1.TheriseofEnglishisaremarkabletaleasProfessorDavidCrystalremindsusinhisattractive,shortbook“EnglishhasaGloballanguage.”
2.Itiscertainlyquiteatheme.WhenJuliusCaesarlandedinBritainmorethan2,000yearsago,Englishdidnotexist.Fivehundredyearslater,English,virtuallyincomprehensibletomodernears,wasprobablyspokenbyaboutasfewpeopleascurrentlyspeakCherokee,thelanguageofasmallNorthAmericanIndiantribe-andwithlittleinfluence.About1,000yearslater,attheendofthe16thcentury,andaftertheNormanConquest,theReformationandthearrivalofcommercialprintingtechnology,Englishwasthenativespeechofbetween5millionand7millionpeople.Andyetnowlookatit.Asthesecondmillenniumapproaches,Englishismorewidelyscattered,morewidelyspokenandwrittenthananyotherlanguagehasneverbeen.Inthetitleofthebook,ithasbecomeatrulygloballanguage.AccordingtoDavidCrystal,about2.09billionpeople,welloverone-thirdoftheworldspopulationareroutinelyexposedtoit.
3.Asherightlypointsout,whatisimpressiveaboutthisstaggeringfigureis:
“notsomuchthegrandtotalbutthespeedwithwhichexpansionhastakenplacesincethe1950s.In1950,thecaseforEnglishasaworldlanguagewouldhavebeennomorethanplausible.Fiftyyearsonandthecaseisvirtuallywon.”
4.Sowhathappened?
5.Someoneoncesaidthatalanguageisadialectwithanarmyandanavy.Inotherwords,whentheBritishnavysetouttoconquertheworld,issetoutan“army”ofEnglishspeakers.AstheBritishempirespreadthroughouttheworld,Englishbecamethebasisoflaw,commerceandeducation.TheBritishempirewassucceedbyanother(theAmerican),whichsharedvirtuallythesamelinguisticheritage.AmericanEnglish,whichhasbecometherocket-fueloftheEnglishlanguage,hasmagicallyfounditswayintoareasundreamedof40,letalone400yearsago.
6ThemostvaluablepartofCrystalsstudyisthesectiondevotedtoaspeedyanalysisoftheculturalbasisofthisglobalreach,notablytheinfluenceofbroadcasting,press,advertising,popularmusicandfilm.Heisalsoup-to-dateandinformativeinhisidentificationoftheWorld-Wide-WebasapowerfulreinforcerofAmericanculturalandlinguisticdominance.
7.OneofhismostinterestingpassagesconcernstheroleplayedbytheLeagueofNations,andlatertheUntiedNations,inspreadingEnglishasaninternationallanguageintheaftermathofthetwoworldwars.
8.Whatdoesthefuturehold?
Tothisquestion,CrystalproposestherecognitionofanewformofEnglish-WSSE(worldstandardSpokenEnglish)-whichalmostbydefinitionrulesoutthepossibilitythatEnglishwouldfragmentintomutuallyunintelligiblelanguageasLatinoncedid.“English,insomeshapeorform,willfinditselfintheserviceoftheworldcommunityforever,”Crystalwrites.
1.Paragraph2____
2.Paragraph3____
3.Paragraph5____
4.Paragraph6____
AThefigureofEnglish
BThespeedofthespreadofEnglish
CTheroleplayedbycultureandthenet
DTheroleplayedbymilitaryexpansion
ETheroleplayedbyeducation
FThe2,000yearsofEnglish
5.ThekindofEnglishspoken1,500yearsagowassodifferentfromtheEnglishwespeaktoday____.
6.WhatimpressespeoplemostisnottheinterestingnumberofspeakersofEnglishfoundallovertheworld,____thelanguagehasspreadinthepasthalfcenturyorso.
7.Thetwointernationalorganizationsfoundedafterthetwoworldwarsmadetheircontributions____.
8.Crystalexpressesthebeliefthatinthefuture____willnothappentoEnglish.
Abecauseoftheirsimilarity
Bthatwewouldnotbeabletounderstanditatall
CtothepopularizationofEnglishasaworldlanguage
Dthetrendtobecomeagloballanguage
EwhatoncehappenedtoLatin
Fbutthespeedwithwhich
Keys:
F B D C B F C E
AdultEducation
Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalledadulteducation.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlargeandinterprettheirexperienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomethingwhichtheymissedinearlierschooling,getnewskillsorjobtraining,findoutaboutnewtechnologicaldevelopments,seekbetterself-understanding,ordevelopnewtalentsandskills.
Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofself-studywithproperguidancethroughtheuseoflibraries,correspondencecourse,orbroadcasting.Itmayalsobeacquiredcollectivelyinschoolsandcolleges,studygroups,workshops,clubs,andprofessionalassociations.
Modernadulteducationforlargenumbersofpeoplestartedinthe18thand19thcenturieswiththeriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.Greateconomicandsocialchangesweretakingplace:
peopleweremovingfromruralareastocities;newtypesofworkwerebeingcreatedinanexpandingfactorysystem.Theseandotherfactorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandre-educationofadults.
TheearliestprogramsoforganizedadulteducationaroseinGreatBritaininthe1790s,withthefoundingofanadultschoolinNottinghamandamechanicsinstituteinGlasgow.TheearliestadulteducationinstitutionintheUnitedStateswasfoundedbyBenjaminFranklinandsomefriendsinPhila
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