多媒体格式专利费参考标准doc.docx
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多媒体格式专利费参考标准doc.docx
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多媒体格式专利费参考标准doc
MultimediaStandardsLicensingFee
Introduction
Thisdocumentoutlineslicensingcostsandcontactinformationformajormultimediastandardsandtechnologyinuseandinfutureusethatisofinteresttocompaniesbuildingnextgenerationmultimediaproducts. Mostlicensingfactsarereferringtopatentpools. Additionalcostswouldbehighqualityencoderandpotentiallydecoderimplementations.
Mostmultimediastandardsalgorithmsareasymmetrical. Inotherwords,theencodersrequiremuchmoreprocessingpowerandaremuchmorecomplexbothalgorithmicallyaswellascomputationally. Thisisduetotheconceptthatencoderwouldbeusedonservers,inprofessionalbroadcastsysteminprofessionalmoviestudioauthoringtools;applicationswherethecostsofencodingdidnotimpactthedeliverymechanismorcosttoconsumers. Finally,inmoststandards,exceptforAC-3,theencoderisnotnormative. Inotherwords,companiesandindividualsareallowedtodesigntheworseencodingtechnologypossibleaslongasthealgorithmgeneratesacompliantbitstream.ThehighestqualityencoderdesignsareoftencreatedbytheverycompanieswithpatentsinthevariousMPEGstandards. Themainpointofthisdiscussionistonotethehighvarianceinencodertechnologyqualityandtoalsobeawarethatindividualimplementationsofcoders,shouldtheybedeemednecessaryforthisproductwillhaveadditionallicensingandfeecosts.
Standards
EachStandardisgivenabriefdescription,applicationswhereitisinuse,licensingtermsandcontactinformation. GnuPublicLicenseoranysortofalgorithmorapplicationthatdoesnotrequirepaymentisnotaddressedinthisdocument. AlsonotdiscussedareRealNetworksformatsorotherlesser“player”technologiesintheInternetMediaspace.
AUDIO
A. MPEG1/2,LayerIII(MP3)
1. Type
MPEG1/2,layerIIIisaspectrumaudiolossycompressionalgorithm. Asymmetricencodeanddecodewithacomputationalcomplexityratioof15:
1. CompressionRatio12:
1.128kb/sstereofor44.1or48kHzsamplingrateisatypicalbitrateinthistechnology.
2. Description
Ubiquitous,MP3is“TheInternetstandard”aswellasportableplayerstandard. Cons:
verypoorperformanceonspeechsignals,qualityvariesgreatlydependinguponimplementation. MPEG1,LayerIIIperformspoorlyintandeming. MPEG1layerIIIisantiquatedtechnologythatisover10yearsoldinthefieldofaudiocompressionresearch. ManydifferentMPEG1-layerIIIencodersandcompressiontoolsareavailableviatheInternet,thusqualityvariesfromextremelygoodqualitytoencodersthatwillnotevenproduceaproperbitstream.
3. Content
IllegalcopyingofcontentlaunchedMP3andtodayonecanfindalmostanythingavailableinfreedownloadusingpeer-to-peersoftwareKazaainMP3format. NOMediaservicethatdoesnotsupportMP3couldbelocatedinQ3/03.
0.75USD
decode/unit
2.50-5.00USD
encode/unit
B. MP3Pro
1. Type
MP3ProinarchitectureconsistsofmodificationstotheMPEG1-LayerIIIalgorithmthataddoneadditionalDSPmodule. Thismodule,calledSBR,reconstructshighfrequencyspectrumafterdecoding. ThispieceofinformationimpliesthatonecanutilizeanexistingMPEG1LayerIIIcodebaseandpotentiallyaddanadditiontotheexistingcodetoreducecodestoragerequirements.Asymmetricencodeanddecodeincomputationalcomplexity. Compressionratiois14:
1. 96kb/sstereofor44.1or48kHzsamplingrateisatypicalbitrateinthistechnology. Thompsonadvertises“half”thebitrateofMP3,yetinvestigationyieldsthisbitrateasatypicalsetting.
2. Description
MP3Progivesverypoorperformanceonspeechsignalsyettherearefewimplementationversions,soqualityismoreconsistent. MP3Prodoesnottandem. TheSpectralBandReplicatechnology,whichSBRplusMP3makesupMP3Pro,isunderconsiderationinMPEG-4audiostandardsbodiesaswell. Thus,ifoneconsideredutilizingtheMPEG-4audiolicensepool,thisportionoftheMP3Proalgorithmispotentiallyavailableforuse. MP3ProconsistentlyranksaboveMP3inaudioqualityandofteniscompetitivewithAACdependingupontheencoderutilized,theprofilechosenwithinAACandthematerial.
3. Content
DesignedtoreplaceMP3withsuperiorperformance,MP3Prohasnotachieveditsgoals. Verylittle,contentavailableontheInternet. MPsupposedlysupportsit,yetthedatabaseisalmostexclusivelyMP3files.
4. Licensing
1.25USD
decode/unit
5.00USD
encode/unit
C. MPEG2-AAC
Toobtainthelicensingforpatentsonly:
Toobtainhighqualityimplementations:
amm_info@iis.fraunhofer.de
1. Type
TheAACspecificationsupportsupto48full-frequencyrangeaudiochannels. Asymmetricencodeanddecodeincomputationalcomplexity. Compressionratiois18:
1. 64kb/sstereofor44.1or48kHzsamplingrateisatypicalbitrateinthistechnology. 128kb/s(aswellas96kb/s)stereo@44.1kHzwasdeterminedtobe“indistinguishable”fromCDqualityaudioinITUstandardizedlisteningtestresults.
2. Description
AACperformsfairlywellwithspeechsignalsdownto24kb/sstereo. yet, whencomparedtostateoftheartspeechcompression,AACisinferiortoACELPbasedvocoders. AACisnotdesignedfortandemingyetperformsbetterthanMPEG1,LayerIII. MPEG2-AAChasconsistentlyrankedasthebestofshowforaudiocompressionalgorithms. Pleasenotethataudioqualityisdependentuponthedesignoftheencoder. AT&TandFhGaswellasDolbyencodersaretheonlyversionsthatshouldbeconsideredwhenevaluatingAACquality.
http:
//david.weekly.org/audio/iso-aac.pdf
3. Content
MPEG-2AACistheaudioformatutilizedintheJapaneseDigitalBroadcastsystem,knownasISDB(IntegratedServicesDigitalBroadcasting).MPEG-2AACisalsothebasisoftheaudiocodingtechnologyusedbyXMRadio,oneoftwosatelliteradioservicescurrentlyoperatingintheUnitedStates.Additionally,thetechnologycanbeusedforstreaminganddownloadingmusicviatheInternet,andhasbeenspecifiedwithintheDVD-AudioRecordable(DVD-AR)format.
TouseMPEG2-AAC,thereisaone-time15000USDfee. Ratesareperchannel,soastereoimplementationselling50kunitsperquarteris1.80USDforboththeencoderanddecoderor0.45USDforjusttheencoder. Ibelievethisimpliesifonesells1unitperquarteronepays3.60USDperunitfordecodeand7.20USDperunitforbothencoderanddecode.ProfessionalandConsumeraredefinedastowhichmarkettheproductistargeting. ProAudiosellsless,butthecompressionalgorithmimplementationsshouldbethesame,althoughonecouldincreasetheencodingofAACtonon-realtimeona2.4GHzprocessortoobtaintheoptimuminbitallocationroutines. ProAudiodecodersare1.80USDperunitandencoderare18.00USDperunit.
4. Licensing
Volume
EitherDecoderorEncoder
BothEncoder&Decoder
(Quarterly reset)
Perchannel
Perchannel
1to100,000
$0.45
$0.90
100,001to500,000
$0.35
$0.80
500,001to1,000,000
$0.25
$0.70
1,000,001to5,000,000
$0.20
$0.65
5,000,001to10,000,000
$0.15
$0.65
10,000,001ormore
$0.10
$0.65
D. MPEG-4Audio
1. Type
MPEG-4audioincorporatesAACabovewithvarious“objects”ofothercompressiontechnology,suchasatexttospeechalgorithm,aCELPbasedspeechcoderandsomeotherverylowbitrateencodingtools. MostproductsareusingMPEG-4audio“AAC”whichisMPEG2-AACplusacoupleofnewDSPmodulesandignoringmuchoftherestoftheMPEG-4audiostandard.
Ifinditinterestingthatifoneclaimstheyareasoftwaresolutionina“PClike”environment,thelicensingcostsbecomereasonable.
2. Description
MPEG-4AAChasbeenspecifiedasthehigh-qualitygeneralaudiocoderfor3Gwirelessterminals.AppleComputerhasincorporatedMPEG-4AACintoQuickTime6andiTunes4,aswellasthelatestversionofitsaward-winningiPodportablemusicplayer.TheDigitalRadioMondialesystem(thenext-generationdigitalreplacementforradiobroadcastingunder30MHZ)buildsontheaudiocodingofMPEG-4AAC.
3. Content
Thisstandardhaspotentialforfuture. TBDhowitisbeingadopted. PleasenotethatthiscompressionalgorithmisslightlysuperiortoMPEG2-AACyetthelicensingcostsareslightlylowerinlargevolumes. Also,notethatthereisadiscounttoanyonemakingacellphone. Thereisaninitialfeeof$15,000dueuponexecutionofthelicense. Theseratesapplytopatentrightsonly. Implementationsareagainadditionalcostdependinguponvendor.
4. Licensing
Volume
EitherDecoderorEncoder
BothEncoder&Decoder
(Quarterly reset)
Perchannel
Perchannel
1to100,000
$0.50
$1.00
100,001to500,000
$0.37
$0.74
500,001to1,000,000
$0.27
$0.54
1,000,001to5,000,000
$0.22
$0.44
5,000,001to10,000,000
$0.17
$0.34
10,000,001ormore
$0.12
$0.24
E. MLPorMeridianLosslessPacking
1. Type
Losslessaudiocompressionthatsupportssixchannelsof24-bit/96kHzaudio,includingaseparatelow-frequencybasschanneloralternativelyholdtwochannelsof24-bit/192kHzaudio.
2. Description
MLPisrequiredtoimplementtheDVD-Aspecification. TBDaddpreviousinvestigationhere.
3. Content
AfewDVD-Adisksareinplace. Yet,theabilitytoplayanyDVDdiskmightbeimportantlystrategically. MoreIseetheabilitytoplay“sort”ofcontentinhighfidelity,i.e.24bitdepth,96kHzaswelltheabilitytosupport5.1or
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