英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案.docx
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英语高一英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧讲解及练习题含答案
(英语)高一英语阅读理解(科普环保)解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类
1.犇犇阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AfteramorninghikeintheSaneumHealingForest,46-year-oldfirefighterKangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.Heisoneof40firefighterstakingpartinathree-dayprogram,theaimofwhichistooffer"foresthealing"(森林治愈);thefirefightersallhaveposttraumaticstressdisorder(创伤后应激障碍).
SaneumisoneofthreeofficialhealingforestsinSouthKorea.Soontherewillbe34more.SouthKoreans-manyofwhomsufferfromworkstress,digitaladdiction,andgreatacademicpressurehaveacceptedthemedicalizationofnaturewithgreatenthusiasm.
Thereisincreasingevidencethatbeingoutsideinapleasantnaturalenvironmentisgoodforus.Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?
Fewerandfewer,itseems.AccordingtoLisaNisbet,apsychologyprofessoratCanadasTrentUniversity,evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit.
"Wedon'tthinkofbeingoutdoorsasawaytoincreasehappiness,"saysNisbet."Wethinkotherthingswill,likeshoppingorTV."ButSouthKoreaisstartingtochallengethisopinion.
SowhataresomeofthebenefitsofnaturethatNisbetrefersto?
Beingsurroundedbynaturehasoneobviouseffect:
Itcalmsusandreducesourstresslevels.Thishasbeenshowntolowerbloodpressureandheartrates.
AnotherexperimentconductedbypsychologistStephenKaplanfoundthatpeoplewhotooka50-minutewalkinaparkhadbetterattentionandshort-termmemorythanthosewhotookawalkalongacitystreet.
Perhapswhat'smoresurprisingisthatnaturemayalsomakeusmorecreative.DavidStrayer,apsychologistattheUniversityofUtah,showedasmuchwithagroupofparticipants,whoperformed50percentbetteroncreativeproblem-solvingtasksafterthreedaysofwildernessbackpacking.
Infact,wemayneverknowexactlywhatnaturedoestothebrain.Somethingmysteriouswillalwaysremain,andmaybethat'sasitshouldbe.
(1)WhatisKangByoung-wookdoing?
A.Gettinglostinnature.
B.Buildinguphisstrength.
C.Tryingtocontrolaforestfire.
D.Helpingfirefightersunderstress.
(2)WhatdoesLisaNisbetthinkofbeingoutdoors?
A.Itisoverlookedbypeople.
B.Ithasnothingtodowithhappiness.
C.SouthKoreansshowgreatinterestinit.
D.Weneedmoreevidenceforitsbenefits.
(3)WhatbenefitofnaturedidStephenKaplanfind?
A.Itaffectspeople'sfeelings.
B.Itlowerstherisksofdiseases.
C.Ithelpsimprovementalperformance.
D.Itdoesmoregoodthanphysicalexercise.
(4)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.Yourlifeinforests
B.Yourbrainonnature
C.Thefutureofforesthealing
D.Thebenefitsofastress-freelife
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,由韩国患创伤后应激障碍的消防员接受森林治愈谈起,介绍了大自然对我们身心健康的益处。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“KangByoung-wookhasteamadefromthebarkofanelmtree,practicesyoga(瑜伽),andmakesapicturewithdriedflowers.”可知,KangByoung-wook正在接受森林治愈:
品茶、做瑜伽、做手工。
他完全沉浸在大自然之中。
故选A。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“Buthowmanyofusgettoenjoynatureregularly?
Fewerandfewer和evidenceforthebenefitsofnatureispouringinatatimewhenwearemostdisconnectedfromit”以及第四段中LisaNisbet所说的话可知,他认为现代人忽视了大自然的重要性,户外活动少了。
故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第三段中的“hadbetterattentionandshort-termmemory”可知,StephenKaplan的研究发现亲近大自然可以提高注意力和短期记忆力,也就是说提高了大脑的工作效率。
故选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
本文主要介绍了森林治愈和大自然对于人类健康尤其是大脑工作效率和减缓压力方面的益处,故B项作标题最符合文章的主旨。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.犇犇阅读理解
Asingledose(剂量)ofanexperimentalvaccine(疫苗)canprotectmiceagainsttheZika(寨卡)virus,raisingrenewedhopeofavaccineforhumans,sayscientists.TheUSteamsaytheresults,publishedinNature,are"striking"andshouldencourageresearchefforts.
Testsinhumanscouldbegininmonths.Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisksuchaspregnantwomenwouldstillbeyearsaway,expertsadvise.ZikahasbeenspreadingacrossCentralandSouthAmericaand,mostrecently,Africa.Morethan60countriesandterritoriesnowhavecontinuingtransmission(传播)ofthedisease,whichiscarriedbymosquitoes.Theviruscausesseriousbirthdamagesduringpregnancyandhasbeendeclaredaglobalpublichealthemergency.
Now,developingavaccineforpregnantwomentoprotecttheirunbornbabiesisaninternationalresearchpriority(优先事项).USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice–onebasedonbitsofgenetic(基因的)codefromthevirusandanotherthatisaninactive(andthereforeharmless)copyofZika.Bothworkedwell,protectingeverymousethatwasimmunisedagainstthevirus.Incomparison,allofthemicenotgiventhevaccinecaughtZikaaftertheywereexposedtoit.
Researcherssaytheywillpushaheadwithdevelopingtheneededvirusvaccine.Therearemanyexistingvaccinesforotherdiseasethatusethistypeoftechnology,whiletherearerelativelyfewDNAbasedvaccines.Ofcourse,futuretestswillneedtocheckthevaccineissafeandeffectiveinhumans,aswellashowlongtheimmunitymightlast.
(1)Ifthetestsinhumansgosmoothly, .
A. avaccineforuseinthelaboratorywillbestillbeyearsaway.
B. pregnantwomeninAfricawillbethefirsttobenefitfromthevaccine.
C. alicensedvaccinewillstillnotbeaccessibleinashortterm.
D. TheZikaviruswillcauselessseriousbirthdefectsduringpregnancyinmonths.
(2)WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?
A. manycountriesareactivelyinvolvedintheresearchoftheZikavaccine.
B. USscientistshavetestedmorethantwotypesofZikavaccineinmice.
C. NoneofthemicegiventhevaccinecaughtZika.
D. Itisstillunknownwhetherthevaccineissafeandeffective.
(3)Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A. Zikavaccine'worksverywell'inmice
B. Zikavaccinestillhasalongwaytogo
C. InternationalresearchesintoZikahavepaidoff
D. MoreattentionhasbeenpaidtoZikavaccine
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家发现一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Butevenifthesegowell,alicensedvaccineforwidespreadusetoprotectthoseatmostrisksuchaspregnantwomenwouldstillbeyearsaway"可知,但是,即使这些进展顺利,一种广泛用于保护高危人群的授权疫苗仍需数年时间,也就是说如果人体试验进展顺利的话,短期内仍无法获得授权疫苗,故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的"USscientistsfromtheWalterReedArmyInstituteofResearch,theBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterandHarvardMedicalSchooltestedtwotypesofZikavaccineinmice"可知,美国科学家在白鼠身上只测试了两种而不是两种以上的寨卡病毒,故选B。
(3)考查主旨大意。
根据第一段中的"Asingledose(剂量)ofanexperimentalvaccine(疫苗)canprotectmiceagainsttheZika(寨卡)virus,"可知,一种实验性疫苗可以保护小鼠免受寨卡病毒侵袭,由此可知,本文主要介绍的是寨卡病毒疫苗对小白鼠非常有效,故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.犇犇阅读理解
Accordingtoarecentstudy,anewgeneticallymodifiedricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthediseaseAIDS.
Thestudyreportsthenewly-developedriceproducesproteinsthatattachdirectlytotheHIVvirus.Thisprocesspreventsthevirusfrommixingwithhumancells.Thescientistssayitcanremovetheeffectofthevirusandblockitsspreading.
TheJointUnitedNationsProgramonHIV/AIDSreportsthatworldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.Theorganizationsaysthelargestnumberofthoseareindevelopingcountries.Nearlytwo-thirdsofHIVcasesareinAfrica.NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease.
Thenewstudypredictstherice-basedmethodwillleadtolong-termuseoftheanti-HIVtreatmentacrossthedevelopingworld.Researcherssaidthe"groundbreaking"discoveryis"realisticallytheonlyway"thatanti-HIVcombinationtreatmentscanbeproducedatacostlowenoughforthedevelopingworld.
Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.TheHIV-fightingproteinscanthenenterthebodythroughtheskin.Peopleallovertheworldcouldgrowthericeandmakethecreamthemselves.Thiswouldpreventthecostandtravelrequiredformanypatientstoreceivetreatmentsandmedicine.
Theprocessofchangingthegeneticstructureoffoodcropshasbeendebatedforsometime.Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.
(1)Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?
A. StresstheurgencyofHIVtreatments.
B. ProvidesomedataaboutHIV.
C. RemindreadersofHIVprevention.
D. IntroduceHIVtothepublic.
(2)Inwhichwaywillthericebeusedatthelowestcost?
A. Bytransformingitintoproteins.
B. Byaddingittoanoraldrug.
C. ByattachingittotheHIVvirus.
D. Byprocessingitintoacream.
(3)Whatcanweinferaboutthegeneticengineeringprocess?
A. ItcanpreventinfectionsofHIV.
B. Itcanproducedangerouschemicals.
C. Itstillrequiresperfecting.
D. Itappliestothedevelopedworld.
(4)Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?
A. Abiologytextbook.
B. Ahealthmagazine.
C. Asocialwebpage.
D. Afirstaidbrochure.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)D
(3)C
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了科学家培育出可预防艾滋病病毒感染的转基因水稻。
研究人员表示,这一“突破性”的发现是“现在唯一的”以低成本为发展中国家生产抗艾滋病毒联合治疗的方法,但还有待于进一步的完善。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第三段中的“nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwith
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