医学英语词根最终打印版.docx
- 文档编号:18146583
- 上传时间:2023-08-13
- 格式:DOCX
- 页数:41
- 大小:29.93KB
医学英语词根最终打印版.docx
《医学英语词根最终打印版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《医学英语词根最终打印版.docx(41页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
医学英语词根最终打印版
1.人体主要器官前缀
名称通用名前(后)缀形容词↓此列均为炎症(-itis)示例
心heartcardio-cardialcarditis/cardiology
脑brainencepholo-cerebralencephalitis/encephalology
肺lungpulmo-pulmonarypulmonitis/pulmonectomy/pulmonology
肝liverhepato-hepatichepatitis/hepatobiliary/hepatology
胃stomachgastro-gastricgastritis/gastrointestinal/gastrology
胆gallbladderchole-biliaryholecystitis/cholinergic/cholecystectomy
肠intestineentero-intestinalenteritis/enterectomy/enterology
脾spleensplen-splenicsplenitis/splenectomy/splenology
胰pancreaspancreato-pancreaticpancreatitis/pancreatectomy
肾kidneynephro-renal/nephricnephritis/nephropathy/nephrology
2.与人体系统、器官有关的前(后)缀
名称通用名前(后)缀示例
血bloodhemo-/hematohematology/hemoglobin/hematoma
血管vesselvaso-vasopressor/cardiovasology/verebrovascular
静脉veinveno-venography/intravenous/venoconstriction
动脉arteryarterio-arteriology/arteriole/arteriosclerosis
肌musclemyo-mycology/myositis/myocarditis
髓marrowmyel-/myelo-myelocyte/myelitis/myeloma
神经nerveneur-/neyro-neurology/neuritis/neuron
细胞cellcyto-/-cytecytology/cytoma/leukocyte
尿urineuro-/ur-urology/urosurgery/urogenital
体bodysomato-/somesomatology/somatopsychic/chromosome
3.与数字有关的前缀
数字前缀示例
一(单)mono-/uni-monomer/monoclone/carbonmonoxide/unidirectional
二bi-/di-bilateral/biphasiccarbondioxide/dipeptide
三tri-trilateral/triphasic/trigeminalnerve
四tetra-tetramer/tetracycline/tetraplegia
五penta-pentagon/pentachromic/pentachloride
六hexa-hexachromic/benzenehexachloride(666)/hexacycliccompiund
七hepta-heptachromic/heptaploid/heptavalent
八octa-octahedral/octalsystem
九nona-nonapeptide/nonagon
十deca-decade/decagram/decaliter
注:
十位数的表示一般为:
个位数前缀+deca,如:
hexadecanol(十六烷醇),
tetradecapeptidegastrin(十四肽胃泌素),octadecanoicacid(十八烷酸)
4.颜色及与颜色有关的前缀
颜色通用名前缀示例
色colorchrom-/chromo-chromosome/chromatin/chromatometer
红rederythro-erythrocyte/erythrocyturia/erythrometer
白whiteleuko-leukocyte/leukemia/leukocytuira
黑blackmelano-melena/melanoma/melanoderma
黄yellowxantho-xanthopsin/xanthosis/xanthoma
绿green
棕brownbrownmixture/brownring
橙orangeVictoriaorange/ethylorange/orangeG
粉红pinkoinkfrothysputum
绯红crimson
青铜bronzedbronzeddiabetes
蓝bluecyan-/cyanocyanosis/cyanopsia/cyanemia
紫violet/purple
注:
有些病名的“蓝”“紫”“青”为同义,其前缀都为“cyano-”.
5.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(1)
含义前(后)缀形容词示例
病patho-pathogen/pathology/pathogenesis/
-pathy-pathicneuropathy/nephropathy/adenopathy
病态-osis–oticneurosis/tuberculosis/schistosomiasis
增多leukocytosis/erythrocytopenia/granulocytosis
减少-penia-penicleukocytopenia/erythrocytopenia/granulocytopenia
无a-/an-atypical/anuria/agranulocytopenia
小/微-letdroplet/platelet/leaflet
micro-microscopy/microorganism/micronucleus
大/巨macro-macroscopic/macronucleus/macrophage
-megalysplenomegaly/acromegaly/hepatomegaly
复合/多poly-polyuria/polymer/polyopia
全/泛pan-pancolectomy/panmyelosis/pandemic
6.与疾病和疾患有关的前(后)缀
(2)
含义前(后)缀示例
相反dis-disease/disorder/disability
困难/障碍dys-dysfunction/dyspepsia/dyspnea
不良mal-malfunction/malnutrition/malpractice
炎症-itisappendicitis/bronchitis/arthritis
瘤/块-omalymphoma/adenoma/hematoma
血症-emialeukemia/septisemia/bacteremia
痛-algia/-algesia/alge-/algo-analgesia/hypoalgesia/algometer
麻痹-plegiahemipleia/pamplegia/myoplegia
流出-rrheadiarrhea/hypermenorrhea/rhinorrhea
坏死-necrosis/necro-/necr-hepatonecrosis/myonecrosis/necrospermia
结石litho-/-lithlithiasis/lithogenesis/cholelithes
7.与方位有关的前缀
含义通用词前缀示例
上upper/superiorpi-/supra-epidemic/epithelium/supracostal
下lower/inferiornfra-/sub-infracostal/subclavicular/subcutaneous
前front/anterior/priorfore-/ante-/pre-forehead/anteroposterior/precirrhosis
后back/posteriorpost-/retro-posthepatic/postprandial/retrocardiac
内inner/internalin-/endo-/ento-inhalation/endoscopy/entocranial
外outer/externalex-/exo-extract/excretion/exocardial
间betweeninter-intermuscular/intercostal/intercourse
旁/副onthesideofpara-parathyroid/paraprotein/pararenal
周aroundperi-perioperative/pericarditis/peritoneum
中心centralcentri-/centra-/centro-centrifugation/centralize/centronucleus
反/对oppositecounter-/contra-counterpart/countershock/contraindication
注:
invivo/in’vaivou/活体内;invitro/invaitrou/活体外或试管内;insitu/in’saitju:
/原位
8.与外科手术有关的前(后)缀
含义前(后)缀示例
切除-ectomyappendectomy/gastrectomy/splenectomy
切开-tomytracheotomy/hysterotomy/craniotomy
切(割)-tometracheotome/thoracotome
吻合-stomyduodenoenterostomy/gastroesophagostomy
成形术-plastytracheoplasty/osteoplasty/myoplasty
整(矫)形ortho-orthopedics/orthopod/orthotherapy
造影-graphyangiography/nephrography/phlebography
经…trans-transdominal/translateral/transurethral
注:
ortho-也是“正”“原”的前缀,如:
ortho-acid(正酸)
-graphy为方法,如:
electrocardigraphy心电图检查术;
graph为仪器,如:
electrocardigraph心电图机;
gram为图象,文字,如:
electrocardiogram心电图记录。
9.与化学品有关的前(后)缀
含义前(后)缀示例
酸盐atesulfate/nitrate/acetate
醇-olalcohol/propanol/taxol
醛-alretinal/methylal/propanal
酮-oneacetone/progesterone/ketone
糖glyco-glycogenolysis
saccharo-saccharomyces
-saccharidepolysaccharide
酶-asereductase/transminase/kinase
素-inpenicillin/heparin/nuclein
原-genallogen/antigen/glycogen
苯基/酚phen-/pheno-phenol/phenate/phenetidin
氨基amino-aminobenzene/aminopherase/aminopyrine
10.与“作用”有关的前(后)缀
含义前(后)缀示例
杀-cide/-cidalinsecticide/pesticide/bactericidal
抑-stasis/-staticbacteriostasis/virostatic/tuberculostatic
驱逐-fugefebrifuge/centrifuge
抗-antiantibiotic/antimycotic/antimutagen
去/脱/除de-dehydroprednisone/detergent/desensitization
回/再/复re-reabsorb/reactivation/recombinant
冷冻cryo-cryobiology/cryopreservation/cryoprotectant
否/去/分离dis-disinfection/dissociate/dissection
向后/退行retro-retrograde/retrosternal/retrocardiac
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-ac
pertainingto属于,关于
cardiac:
pertainingtotheheart心脏(病)的
-al
pertainingto
medical:
pertainingtomedicine
-ar
pertainingto
molecular:
pertainingtoamolecule分子的
-ary
pertainingtobelongingto
ciliary:
pertainingtothecilia睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的
-ase
enzyme酶
amylase:
anyenzymethatconvertsstarchtosugar淀粉酶
-cle
smallness小,少,贫乏,小气
follicle:
asmallbodilycavityorsac小囊,(头发的)毛囊
-e
aninstrument仪器
auriscope:
aninstrumentforexaminingtheear(检查耳朵用的)耳镜
-eal
pertainingto
laryngeal:
pertainingtothelarynx喉的,喉音的
-ia
condition;quality
phobia:
abnormalfear恐惧,害怕
-ic
pertainingto
toxic:
pertainingtotoxin有毒的;因中毒引起的
-ics
studyof;nameofascience
pediatrics:
studyofchildren,theirdevelopmentanddiseases儿科学
-ine/in
substance物质
insulin:
substance(hormone)producedbytheisletsofLangerhansinthepancreas胰岛素
-ism
processorcondition
alcoholism:
excessivedrinkingofalcoholwhichbecomesaddictive酒精中毒
-ist
onewhospecializesin精通于……的人
pharmacologist:
adoctorwhospecializesinthestudyofdrugs药理专家
-itis
inflammationreferstoapartin……部位的炎症
rhinitis:
inflammationofthenasalpassages鼻炎,鼻粘膜炎
-(i)um
relationtoawhole;relatedto与……相关
endometrium:
innerliningoftheuter子宫内膜
-ive
characterizesby
antitussive:
adrugthatsuppressescoughing止咳药
-let
tiny;small
droplet:
atinydrop小滴
-ment
theresultorproductofanaction
development:
thingwhichdevelopsorisbeingdeveloped;actionofbecomingmature
-oid
resembling;like像
mucoid:
resemblingmucus粘液样的
-ole
little;small
centriole:
thesmalldensestructureinthemiddleofthecentrosome细胞中心粒;中心体
-oma
tumor;swellingreferstoadoer
dermatofibroma:
fibroustumoroftheskin皮肤纤维瘤
-or/-er
eitherapersonorthing
receptor:
asensorynerveendingthatrespondstovariousstimuli感受器,受体
-ory
characterizedby;pertainingto
suspensory:
whichishangingdown悬吊式,悬带
-ose
sugar
fructose:
fruitssugarfoundinhoneyandsomefruit果糖
-osis
abnormalcondition
onychocryptosis:
abnormalconditionofahiddennail嵌甲
-ous
pertainingto
poisonous:
pertainingtopoison;alsocontainingpoison有毒的,分泌毒素的
-somes
bodies
ribosome:
thebodyofnucleicacid核糖体
-um
structure;thing;substance结构,物质
magnesium:
awhitemetallicchemicalsubstance镁(金属元素)
-y
condition;act;process
dystrophy:
disordercausedbydefectivenutritionormetabolism营养不良
Thefollowingisalistofthemostcommonlyusedcompoundsuffixes
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-algia
pain;painful;condition
arthralgia:
paininajoint关节痛
--ase
enzyme
protease:
digestiveenzyme蛋白酶
-blast
embryo胚,胚胎,人类胚胎
hemocytoblast:
blastcell血胚细胞,原始血细胞
-carcinoma
malignanttumordevelopingfromconnectivetissue相关组织的恶性肿瘤
adenocarcinoma:
malignanttumordevelopingfromglandulartissue腺癌
-cele
protrusion;distention突出;膨胀,延伸
esophagocele:
abnormaldistentionoftheesophagus食管突出
-centesis
surgicalpuncture手术穿孔
paracentesis:
surgicalpunctureofacavityfortheaspirationoffluid穿刺术
-capnia
carbondioxide二氧化碳
acapnia:
absenceofcarbondioxide血液二氧化碳缺乏
-cide
kill
germicide:
(substance)whichcankillgerms杀菌剂
-clast
cell
phagocyte:
cell,especiallyawhitebloodcell,whichcansurroundanddestroyothercells噬菌细胞
-dynia
pain
glossodynia:
paininthetongue舌痛
-ectasia/-ectasis
expansion;dilation(膨胀,扩张)
atelectasis:
incompleteexpansionofthelungsatbirth肺不张
-ectomy
surgicalexcisionorremovalof
gastrectomy:
surgicalremovalofthestomach胃切除术
-edema
excessiveaccumulationofserousfluid水肿
myxoedema:
conditioncausedwhenthethyroidglanddoesnotproduceenoughthyroidhormone粘液腺瘤病,粘液水肿
-emia
bloodcondition
leukemia:
anyofseveralmalignantdiseaseswhereanabnormalnumberofleucocytesfo
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 医学 英语 词根 最终 打印