倒装句详解.docx
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倒装句详解.docx
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倒装句详解
倒装
一、全部倒装
全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和 一般过去时。
常见的结构有:
1)here,there,now,then,thus等副词置于句首,谓语动词常用be,come,go,lie,run,follow。
Theregoesthebell.
Hereisyourletter.
Herecomesthebus.
Nowcomesmyturn.
Thencamethechairman.
Thenfollowedthreedaysofrain.
2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语(out,in,up,down,away,over,off等)置于句首,使描述情景更加生动。
谓语表示运动的动词(go,come,rush,flyfall等)。
Outrushedamissilefromunderthebomber(轰炸机).
Aheadsatanoldwoman.
Incametheteacherandthelessonbegan.
Downtheriverflowedasmallboat.
Hearingthecatmewing(咪咪叫),offfledthemice.
注意:
1、上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
如:
Herehecomes. Awaytheywent.
2、此类倒装句中不用进行时态,如不说:
Hereiscomingyouruncle.
3)therebe句型及其变化形式。
如:
Therelie/stand/appear/seem/remain/exist…)
Thereisamanatthedoorwhowantstoseeyou.
Thereoncelivedaking.
4)直接引语前置,名词作引述句主语时,可用倒装语序。
主语是代词时不倒装。
“I’mquitesatisfiedwithyouranswer,”saidtheteacher.
“Iwouldn’tleaveheroutinthecold”,hesaid.
5)表语或状语语短语位于句首表示强调意义时,全部倒装。
Inthedistancewasasmallboat.
Suchwerehislastwords.
SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanofgreatachievements.
Theyarrivedatafarmhouse,infrontofwhichsatasmallboy.
Nearbyweretwocanoes(独木舟)inwhichtheyhadcometotheisland.
Amongthemwasasoldierwhowaswoundedinthestomach.
6)Therebe句型及其变化中,如:
Therelie/stand/live/appear/seem/remain/exist…完全倒装。
Long,longagotherelivedaking.
Thereoncelivedanoldmaninthehouse.
Thereisamanatthedoorwhowantstoseeyou.
Thereseemstobesomemisunderstandingaboutthematter.
Therestandsatalltreeneartheriver.
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。
如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
1) 句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no,not,never,seldom,few,little,hardly,rarely,atnotime,innoway,notuntil…bynomeans,innotime,innocase,onnoaccount,undernocircumstance等。
NeverhaveIseensuchaperformance.
Nowherewillyoufindtheanswertothisquestion.
Notuntilthechildfellasleepdidthemotherleavetheroom.
Bynomeansshallwesavehim.
当Notuntil引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。
注意:
如否定词不在句首不倒装。
Ihaveneverseensuchaperformance.
Themotherdidn'tleavetheroomuntilthechildfellasleep.
典型例题
1) Whycan'tIsmokehere
Atnotime___inthemeeting-room
A.issmokingpermitted B. smokingispermitted
C.smokingisitpermitted D. doessmokingpermit
答案A.这是一个倒装问题。
当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。
这些否定词包括no,little,hardly,seldom,never,notonly,notuntil等。
本题的正常语序是Smokingispermittedinthemeeting-roomatnotime.
2)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis.
A.mandidknow B.manknow C.didn'tmanknow D.didmanknow
答案D. 看到Notuntil…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D中选一个。
改写为正常语序为,Mandidnotknowwhatheatisuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19th.现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。
三、以否定意义的连词置于句首,作部分倒装,如:
notonly…butalso,neither…nor…,nosooner..than…,scarcely…when…,hardly…when…等
Notonlydidherefusethegift,healsoseverelycriticizedthesender.
Hardlyhadshegoneoutwhenastudentcametovisither.
Nosoonerhadshegoneoutthanastudentcametovisither.
典型例题
Nosooner___thanitbegantorainheavily.
A.thegamebegan B. hasthegamebegun
C.didthegamebegin D. hadthegamebegun
答案D.以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。
这类表示否定意义的词有never,seldom,scarcely,little,few,not,hardly,以及notonly…but(also),nosooner…than,hardly…whenscarcely…when 等等。
注意:
只有当Notonly…butalso连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。
如果置于句首的Notonly…butalso仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。
NotonlyyoubutalsoIamfondofmusic.
四、so,neither,nor作部分倒装
表示"也"、"也不"的句子要部分倒装。
表示后面所说的情况与前面的情况相同。
TomcanspeakFrench.SocanJack.
Ifyouwon'tgo,neitherwillI.
典型例题
---DoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisbrother
---Idon'tknow,_____.
A.nordon'tIcare B.nordoIcare C.Idon'tcareneither D.Idon'tcarealso
答案:
B.nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装。
A错在用don't再次否定,Cneither用法不对且缺乏连词。
D缺乏连词。
注意:
当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。
意为"的确如此"。
TomaskedmetogotoplayfootballandsoIdid.
---It'sraininghard. ---Soitis.
五、only+状语,在句首要倒装的情况
Onlyinthisway,canyoulearnEnglishwell.
Onlyafterbeingaskedthreetimesdidhecometothemeeting.
OnlywhenyouhavefinishedyourhomeworkcanyouwatchTVatnight.
OnlythendidIrealizethatIwaswrong.
如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装
Onlywhenheisseriouslyill,doesheeverstayinbed.
六、as,though引导的倒装句
as/though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前(形容词,副词,分词,实义动词提前)。
Richasheis,heneverspendsacentonlearning.
Heavilyasitrained,thefootballgamehasbeendecidednottobeputoff.
Tryashedoes,heneverseemsabletodotheworkbeautifully.
注意:
1)句首名词不能带任何冠词。
Boyasheis,heisveryclever.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
2)句首是实义动词,其他助动词放在主语后。
如果实义动词有宾语和状语, 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
Tryhardashewill,heneverseemsabletodotheworksatisfactorily.
注意:
让步状语从句中,有though,although时,后面的主句不能有but,但是though和yet可连用。
七、其他部分倒装
1) so/such…that句型中的so/such位于句首时,需倒装。
Sofrightenedwashethathedidnotdaretomoveaninch.
Soexcitedwashethathecouldn’tsayaword.
Suchwashisstrengththathecarriedallthebigboxesontothethirdfloor.
2) 在某些表示祝愿的句型中:
Mayyouallbehappy.
LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!
3) 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were,had,should等词,可将if省略,把were,had,should移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。
WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.
典型例题:
1)Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcentury___whatheatis
A.mandidknow B.manknew C.didn'tmanknow D.didmanknow
答案为D. 否定词Not在句首,要求用部分倒装的句子结构。
2)NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhadwasted.
A.didn'tIrealize B.didIrealize C.Ididn'trealize D.Irealize
答案为B。
3) DoyouknowTomboughtanewcar
Idon'tknow,___.
A.nordon'tIcare B.nordoIcare
C.Idon'tcareneither D.Idon'tcarealso
解析:
答案为B. 句中的nor引出部分倒装结构,表示"也不"。
由so,neither,nor引导的倒装句,表示前一情况的重复出现。
其中,so用于肯定句,而neither,nor用在否定句中。
八、省略if的虚拟条件句,以had,were,should开头。
Hadheworkedharder,hewouldhavegotthroughtheexams.
Weretheytoarrivebeforewedeparttomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfulparty.
Shoulditraintomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.
九、在某些表示祝愿的感叹句中,要倒装。
Mayourcountrybecomerichandstrong!
LonglivethePeople’sRepublicofChina!
(live动词原形属虚拟语气)
Mayyouhaveagoodtime!
(may+动词原形属虚拟语气)
I、典型试题:
tomeetyou.----______
A.SodoI.B.HowareyouC.HowdoyoudoD.Thesametoyou.
2.____,hedoesmakeangrywithhersometimes.
A.AshelikeshermuchB.Helikeshermuch
C.ThoughmuchhekikesherD.Muchashelikesher
3.____,hecouldnotcoverthewholedistancein15minutes.
A.AsheranfastB.IfheranfastC.SinceheranfastD.Fastasheran
4.____ishumannaturethatmanypeopledonotvaluethethingstheypossessuntiltheyhavelostthem.A.SuchB.SoC.AsD.How
5.____,itwouldbesillytoargueanylonger.
A.WasthattrueB.Ifthatwastrue
C.ShouldthatbetrueD.couldthatbetrue
6.TheBritisharenotsofamiliarwithdifferentculturesandotherwaysofdoingthings,____isoftenthecaseinothercountries.
A.asB.thatC.soD.it
7._____,hecouldn’texpecttogetapayrise.
A.EvenharderheworkedB.Hardasheworked
C.OnlywithhardworkD.Nowthatheworkedhard
heworkedharder,he____theexam.
A.wouldgetthoughB.couldgetthrough
C.wouldhavegotthoughD.musthavegotthough
9.Itisonlywhenyounearlylostsomeone____youfullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.A.doB.thenC.willD.that
10.____enteredtheofficewhenherealizedthathehadforgottenhisreport.
A.HehardlyhadB.HadhehardlyC.HardlyhadheD.Hardlyhehad
11.Solittle___aboutsciencethatthelecturewas___myunderstanding.
knew,overB.knewI,beyond
C.didIknow,overD.didIknow,beyond
asingleword___atthemeeting.
A.didhesayB.hashesaidC.hesaidD.hehassaid
13.At____timedoesthesalesgirlgetuplateinthemorning,forsheisalwaystoobusy___agoodrest.
A.no,totakeB.no,takingC.any,totakeD.one,taking
14.___thatweallhadtostayathome.
A.SoterriblewastheweatherB.Sotheweatherwasterrible
C.TheweathersoterriblewasD.Sowastheterribleweather
15.Sofast____itisdifficultforustoimagineitsspeed.
A.doeslighttravelthatB.lighttravelsthat
C.solighttravelsthatD.withlighttravels
II、Multiplechoice:
1.Onlyinthisway____progressinyourEnglish.
A.youmakeB.canyoumake
C.youbeabletomakeD.willabletomake
2.___,hedoesn’tstudywell.
A.AsheiscleverB.Heisasclever
C.CleverasheisD.Ascleverheis
3.---Idon’tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther.
---____,let’sstophereforarest.
A.NeitherdidIB.NeithercanIC.Idon’tthinksoD.Ithinkso
4.---Johnwonfirstprizeinthecontest.---______.
A.SohedidB.SodidheC.SohedidtooD.Sodidhe,too
5.NotuntilIbegantowork___howmuchtimeIhaswasted.
A.didn’tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealize
6.---DoyouknowJimquarreledwithhisbrother---Idon’tknow,___.
A.nordon’tIcareB.nordoIcare
C.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealso
7.So___,thatnofishcanliveinit.
A.thelakeisshallowB.shallowthelakeis
C.shallowisthelakeD.isthelakeshallow
8.____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.
A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will
9.---Davidhasmadegreatprogressrecently.----_____,and_____.
A.Sohehas,soyouhaveB.Sohehas,sohaveyou
C.Sohashe,sohaveyouD.Sohashe
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