考神团队0706期考研词汇语法长难句突破班语法长难句讲义.docx
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考神团队0706期考研词汇语法长难句突破班语法长难句讲义.docx
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考神团队0706期考研词汇语法长难句突破班语法长难句讲义
语法长难句讲义
词类(partsofspeech)
1)名词(noun,缩写为n.)
如pen(钢笔),English(英语),life(生活)。
2)代词(pronoun,缩写为pron.)
如we(我们),his(他的),all(全部)
3)形容词(adjective,缩写为adj.)
如great(伟大的),honest(诚实的),difficult(困难的)
4)数词(numeral,缩写为num.)
如four(四),eighteen(十八),first(第一),eighth(十八),hundred(一百)。
5)动词(verb,缩写为v)
如write(写),walk(行走),think(想)
6)副词(adverb,缩写为。
adv.)
如quickly(快),often(经常),very(很)
7)冠词(article,缩写为art.)
如a,an(一个),the(这,那)
8)介词(preposition,缩写为prep.)
如from(从),in(在…内),between(在…之间)
9)连词(conjunction,缩写为conj.)
如and(和),because(因为),if(假如)
10)感叹词(interjection,缩写为int.)
如oh(噢),aha(啊哈),hush(嘘)
[注一]
●属于前六类(名、代、形、数、动、副等词)的词都有实义,叫做实词(notionalword)。
●属于后四类(冠、介、连、感等词)的词没有实义,叫做虚词(formword)。
[注二]
不少词可以属于几个词类.
如work(工作;动词和名词),fast(快;形容词和副词),since(自从;连词和介词)等。
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英语词法和句法
1.词法(morphology)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
2.句法(syntax)
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
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句子
1简单句(simplesentence).
Thepeople'sRepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.
2并列句(compoundsentence)
Tom'sfatherworkedfrommorningtillnightbuthegotverylittlemoney.
3复合句(complexsentence)
It'salongtimesinceIsawyoulast.
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从句(clause)
1
WhatIwanttosayisthis
2
ThisiswhatIwanttosay.
3
IhavesaidwhatIwanttosay.
4
ThisisthethingIwanttosay.
5
Ifyouwanttosaysomething,sayitclearly.
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词序(wordorder)
1
Wehelpeachother.
2
Wegotoschooleveryday.
3
It'sfinetoday.
4
Ilikethisplace.
Therearemanytreesinthisplace.
5
Theschoollibraryhasmanybooksonagriculture.
6
TheSummerPalaceisverybeautiful.
Iknowhimwell.
Thestudentsoftengoonapicnic.
Wetakeexerciseeveryday.
7
Imetafriendatthebus-stop.
8
ThereisamapofChinaonthewall.
9
Theyworkedquicklyandefficiently.
Heworksjustashardaseveryoneelsealthoughheisoversixty.
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名词
1英语名词分为两大类:
1)
soldier士兵water水
pupil学生health健康
machine机器pleasure快乐
2)
LeiFeng雷锋KarlMarx卡尔·马克思
London伦敦China中国
TheCommunistPartyofChina中国共产党
TheGreatHallofthePeople人民大会堂
TheMinistryofForeignAffairs外交部
2普通名词的种类
1)
tractor拖拉机panda熊猫
factory工厂teacher教员
2)
class阶级,班herd兽群
crowd人群army军队
3)
steel钢gram粮食
fire火cotton棉花
4)
happiness幸福life生活
work工作whiteness白色
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名词的格
1英语的名词有三个格:
Mybrotheralwaysmisplaceshisschoolbag.
Everywrittensentenceshouldbeginwithacapitalletter.
2’s
children'sbooks
myfather'sroom
3名词所有格在逻辑上可能是它所修饰的名词的主语,也可能是它所修饰的名词的宾语。
1)
theParty'sconcernoftheyoungergeneration
2)
thereactionaryrule'soverthrow
theoccupationofthecitybytheenemy
3)
afriendofmysister's(=oneofmysister'sfriends)
apictureofMr.Wu's
4)
Thedictionaryisnotmine,butXiaoWang's.
5)
ImethimattheJohnson's(shop).
Iwenttomyuncle's(house)yesterday.
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代词
1代词在句子中的功能
1)
2)
IamreadingTheArabianNights.
ThisisJohnSmithspeaking.
CanIhelpyou?
Hisfatherisaneye-doctor.
Allmenareequal.
2
如I我(主格),me我(宾格),Who谁(主格),whom谁(宾格)
如whose谁的,other's别人的,somebody's某人的,one's一个人的
3
如one-ones,other-others。
4
如:
theother,theothers,afew,alittle等。
5种类
1)personalpronoun
a)主格:
I,he,she,it,we,you,they.
b)宾格:
me,him,her,it,us,you,them.
2)possessivepronoun
a)形容词性物主代词:
my,his,her,its;our,your,their.
b)名词性物主代词:
mine,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs.
3)self-pronoun
myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves,oneself.
4)reciprocalpronoun
eachother,oneanother.
5)demonstrativepronoun
this,that,these,those,such,same.
6)interrogativepronoun
who,whom,whose,which,what.
7)relativepronoun
who,whom,whose,which,that.
8)indefinitepronoun
some,something,somebody,someone,any,anything,anybody,anyone,no,nothing,nobody,noone,every,everything,everybody,everyone,each,much,many,little,alittle,few,afew,other,another,all,none,one,both,either,neither.
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数词
1cardinalnumeral
如:
one
(一),twenty(二十),hundred(百)
2ordinalnumeral
如:
first(第一),twentieth(第二十),hundredth(第一百)等。
3基数词的用法
1)
Twoplusnineiseleven.
Fourtimessixistwenty-four.
2)
Givemetwo.
3)
Myuncleboughttwohandtractorsrecently.
4)
HewasalreadyfortywhenhebegantolearnEnglish
4序数词的用法
1)
Thefirstisbetterthanthesecond.
2)
Hewasamongthefirsttoarrive.
3)
ChinaexplodeditsfirstatombombinOctober1964.
4)
Jackisalwaysthefirsttogettotheofficeinthemorning.
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形容词
1形容词的用法
1)
TheChineseCommunistPartyisagreatparty.
2)
Thefilmisbothmovingandinstructive.
3)
Haveyougoteverythingreadyforthejourney?
Wekeepourroomscleanandtidy.
2
Theblindcanlearntoreadwiththeirfingertips.
Hehasakeensenseofthenew.
3形容词的比较级
comparativedegree
superlativedegree
positivedegree
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副词
1副词的构成
1)
如now现在,there那里,rather颇。
2)
如firmly坚决地,happi1y幸福地。
3)
earlyadj.早的earlyadv.早
highadj.高的highadv.高高地
longadj.长的,长久的longadv.长久地
2副词的种类
1)ordinaryadverb
如:
together一起,well好,seriously认真地,slowly慢,carefully小心地。
2)interrogativeadverb
如:
when何时,where何地,how如何,why为何。
3)relativeadverb
如:
where,when
4)conjunctiveadverb
如:
then然后,so所以,there{ore所以,however然而,hence所以,thus这样,nevertheless然而,otherwise否则,still可是,仍然。
3副词的用法
1)
HespeaksEnglishquitewell.
Hehasalwayshelpedhissisterwithherhomework.
2)
Isheup?
Sheisout.
3)
Lifehereisfullofjoy.
4副词的位置
1)
2)
Itisaratherdifficultjob.
3)
Thepeasantstherearebusydiggingacanalnow.
5副词比较等级的用法
1)
Theyspeaklessfluentlybutmorecorrectlythanwedo.
2)
IworkfastestwhenI'munderpressure.
6比较级的特殊用法
1)
2)
Isthisbagofsoyabeansasheavyasthatone?
TheAtlanticOceanisnotasbigasthePacificOcean.
3)
twice(两倍),threetimes(三倍)等加as...as..
Theoutputofthepapermillisnowthreetimesashighasitwasin1966.
AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.
4)
可用much,far,still,even,a1itt1e,no,any,agreatdeal等状语来修饰形容词和副词的比较级。
TheYellowRiverislong,buttheChangjiangRiverisevenlonger.
5)
Heisbecomingmoreandmoreinterestedinsports.
6)
Thegreaterthemassofabody,thegreaterisitsinertia.
7)
ThefinishedtheWorkinlessthanayear.
Ourcountryhasestablisheddiplomaticrelationswithmorethanonehundredcountries.
8)
Therearenomorethantenticklesleft.
Theexperimentwasdonebynotmorethan5persons.
9)
Thissongisnolesspopularthanthatone.
Thissongisnotlesspopularthanthatone.
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动词
1transitiveverb
Dr.Bethunesetusagoodexample.
Crudeoilcontainsmanyusefulsubstances.
2intransitiveverb
IthappenedinJune1932.
3
1)
ShallIbeginatonce?
Shebeganworkingasalibrarianaftersheleftschool.
2)
Washyourhandsbeforemeals.
Doesthisclothwashwell?
3)
如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。
Wearrivedattherailwaystationatnoon.
Wereachedtherailwaystationatnoon.
Everybodylistenedtothelecturewithgreatinterest.
Weallheardthelecture.
4phrasalverb
1)
Thesmallboyinsistedongoingwithhisparents.
Westandforself-reliance.
如dependon(upon)(依*),waiton(服侍),lookfor(寻找),dealwith(对待),lookafter(照料),waitfor(等待)等。
2)
Ialwaysgetupassoonasthebellrings.
Haveyouhandedinyourexercisesalready?
如putout(扑灭),eatup(吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如setoff(出发),comeup(走近),goon(继续)。
3)
Donotgiveuphope.Wemustgoonwiththeexperiment
Hecameuptome.
如:
lookdownupon(看不起),doawaywith(去掉),putupwith(忍受)等。
4)
YoungpioneersoftencometotheChildren'sPalacetotakepartinafter=schoolactivities.
如:
putanendto(结束),takenoticeof(注意),catchholdof(抓住),losesightof(看不见),makeuseof(利用)等
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助动词
1auxiliaryverb
有shall,will,should,would,be,have,do
Chinahasenteredagreatnewera.
Someboysareplayingonthegrass.
MotheriswrittenbyGorky.
WeShallhavethefootballmatchifitdoesnotrain.
Doyouseemypoint?
2
1)
Womeninourcountryareplayinganimportantpartinsocialistconstruction.
2)
TheFlowerShowisusuallyheldhereinOctober.
ThecinemawillbeclosedforrepairfromMarch3rd.
3)
a)
ThedelegationistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.
b)
Themeetingisabouttobegin.
3
Hehasnotmadeuphismindyet.
4
1)
Howdoyoufindtheclimatehere?
ShedidnotgotohospitalafterbreakfastShewenttoworkasusual.
2)
Don'tbesocareless.
Donothesitatetocomewhenyouneedhelp.
3)
Idothinkheisright.
Doask,ifyouhaveanyquestions.
4)
OnlythendidIunderstandtheimportanceofscience.
NeverdidIexpecttoseehimthere.
5)
Heworksevenharderthanyoudo.
5
1)
Ishallthinkitover.
Don'tworry.Weshalltellyouallaboutit.
2)
Theweatherforecastsaysthatthere'llbeheavyraintomorrow.
6
1)
如:
WeweretoldthatweshouldsighttheTreasurelslandthatnight.
2)
Hesaidthathewouldal
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