8D问题解决培训课件(PPT 71页).pptx
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8D问题解决培训课件(PPT 71页).pptx
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ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolving8D问题解决ZFFriedrichshafenAG2ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingAgendaIntroduction介介绍PresentationRound自我介绍WorkGuidelines工作指南ObjectivesoftheSeminar研讨会的目标ZFspecificRequirements采埃孚特殊要求The8DProcess8D程序BriefOverview简明概述ThesingleStepsinDetail每一步骤详述Workshops课堂练习ConclusionandFeedback结论和反馈4ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingIntroduction介绍ObjectivesoftheSeminar研讨会目标Youunderstandtheimportanceofthezerodefectstrategy理解零缺陷策略的重要性Youacquired/refreshedexistingknowledgeoftheZFspecificproblem-solvingrequirementsandformsheets了解或回顾采埃孚关于问题解决的要求和相关工作表单uYouknowhowtoidentifycustomerrequirements了解如何识别客户的要求uYouknowamethodwhichhelpsyoutosustainablyimproveandmaintaincustomersatisfaction了解有助于持续改善和提高客户满意度的方法Youunderstandthe8Dproblemsolvingmethodandarecapabletoimplementit了解8D问题解决的方法并能够实施5ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingIntroduction介绍ObjectivesoftheSeminar研讨会目标Themereformulationofaproblemisoftenfarmoreessentialthanitssolution,whichmaybemerelyamatterofmathematicalorexperimentalskill.Toraisenewquestionsandexplorenewpossibilitiesrequiresustoregardoldproblemsfromanewangle.Thisrequirescreativeimaginationandmarksrealadvancesinscience.”“对一个问题的清晰简洁的表述,往往比其解决方对一个问题的清晰简洁的表述,往往比其解决方案案更更为重要,解决方案可为重要,解决方案可能能仅仅是数学结论或仅仅是数学结论或实验技巧实验技巧。
为了提出新的问题和探索新的可能为了提出新的问题和探索新的可能性,性,需要需要我们从新的角度去关注旧有的问题,这要求有创造性的想象力,并标我们从新的角度去关注旧有的问题,这要求有创造性的想象力,并标志真正志真正的科学进步。
的科学进步。
”AlbertEinstein(1879-1955)Physicist&NobelLaureate6ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingIntroduction介绍NecessityandBenefitsof8D实施8D的必要性和益处Understandingtheimportanceofthezerodefectstrategy理解零缺陷策略的重要性Eachmistakeisonemistaketoomuch不能放过任何一个错误Everyproductorprocessfailurecosts每个产品或过程的失效成本uTime时间uMoney金金钱Qualityisacompetitivefactor质量是一个竞争因素。
uImage形象形象QUALITY100%100%100%7ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingIntroduction介绍NecessityandBenefitsof8D实施8D的必要性和益处99,9%adherencetotherequirementsleadto99,9%符合标准会导致1hourofimpurewaterpermonth每月1小时不纯净的水1insecurelandingatMunichAirportperweek每周在慕尼黑机场有1次不安全的着陆16.000wronglydeliveredmailingsperhour每小时16000封发错的邮件20.000wronglyissuedmedicalprescriptionsperyear每年20000个错误的医疗处方32.000missingheartbeatsperyear每人每年少了32,000次心跳8ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingIntroduction介绍NecessityandBenefitsof8D实施8D的必要性和益处8Dprovidesastandardized,systematicandsimpletoolforthesolvingofproblemsandthedocumentationofresults8D为问题解决和相关证明文件,提供了标准化的、系统化的、简明化的工具Theeffectiveimplementationof8Dmeans有效实行8D意味着:
Eliminationoftherealrootcause消除真正的根源原因Preventionofrecurringfailures防止失效的重复发生Moretimeforessentialissues将更多的时间花在关键事情上Lessfailurecosts(internalandexternal)较少的失效成本(内部和外部)Advantagesovercompetitors超越竞争对手的优势Higherdegreeofsatisfactionforyouandyourcustomer较高的满意度-组织内部以及客户andleadsto导致9ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingIntroduction介绍The1:
10:
100RuleofFailurePrevention1:
10:
100的失效预防规则FailureCostsinEURFailurePrevention失效预防DiscoveryofFailures失效发现Thecostsforfailurepreventionorthediscoveryoffailures,respectively,increaseexponentiallyfromphasetophase预防失效,还是发现失效,其失效成本将指数级递增10ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingZFspecificrequirementscanbefoundintheQR83(QualityDirectiveZFGroup)采埃孚的特殊参见QR83Introduction介绍ZFspecificRequirements采埃孚的特殊要求“质量是成功的关键。
在当前的竞争环境中,质量不在是差异性因素,而是基本要求。
ZF的客户要求可靠的、零缺陷的产品和服务。
11ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingIntroduction介绍ZFspecificRequirements采埃孚的特殊要求ExcerptfromtheseminarZFImpulseDaysinlinewiththeQR83:
摘自采埃孚摘自采埃孚QR83ImpulseDays:
Rootcauseanalyseshavetobecarriedoutusingappropriatemethods(Ishikawa,5Whys,photos,etc.)必须用适当的方法(Ishikawa,5Whys,photos,etc)开展根本原因分析Ifrequired,immediatemeasureshavetobereportedandmustbesentvia8Dreportwithinoneday如需要,必须要在在1天之内天之内,以8D报告的形式报告所采取的立即措施OtheraffectedZFplantsaretobeinformed通知其它受影响的工厂通知其它受影响的工厂TheeffectivenessofthecorrectivemeasureshastobecommunicatedtoZF必须同采埃孚沟通沟通纠正措施的有效性Ifdemanded,furtheranalysesmustbeconducted如果有要求,必须开展进一步分析Markingafterpreviousclaim投诉后标记Transmissionofthe8DreportviaSupplyOn(ProblemSolver)oremail通过SupplyOn(ProblemSolver)上传或通过Email传递8D报告告12ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolving8DReportatZFIntroduction介绍ZFspecificRequirements采埃孚的特殊要求AfteracomplaintmadebytheZFpurchasingplant,correctiveactionsmustbeintroducedimmediately,documented,andifrequestedbyZF,submittedpunctuallyinastructuredmannerusingformF068-DReport“(QR83,2011,p.13)ExcerptFormSheetF068-DReport“QR83,2011,p.52当收到ZF采购工厂提出的投诉后,供应商应立即采取纠正措施,该纠正措施必须以ZF规定的表格形式加以记录和组织,如表F06“8D报告”的结构格式,表格应在规定期限内递交给ZF的采购工厂。
13ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingAgendaIntroduction介绍PresentationRound自我介绍WorkGuidelines工作指南ObjectivesoftheSeminar研讨会的目标ZFspecificRequirements采埃孚特殊要求The8DProcess8D程序程序BriefOverview简明概述ThesingleStepsinDetail每一步骤详述Workshops课堂练习ConclusionandFeedback结论和反馈14ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingThe8DProcess8D程序BriefOverviewHistory简要概述-历史Intheendofthe1960s,theJetPropulsionLaboratory(JPL)developedthe4DmethodintheUSAonbehalfoftheNASA.Thesewerethe4Dos:
在60代末,JPL在美国代表NASA开发了4D法,这就是4Dos时代uDo:
Describetheproblem问题描述uDo:
Initiateimmediateactions立即措施uDo:
Analyzetheproblemcause问题分析uDo:
Takecorrectiveactions纠正措施Inthebeginningofthe70s:
AdoptionofthemethodbyFordandmanyotherautomotivecompanies从70年代的开始,福特和很多其它汽车公司开始采用该方法1978:
Developmentofthe8DmethodbyFord1978年福特开发了8D法1981:
8DhasbecomestandardforFord,itssubsidiariesaswellasforallFordsuppliers1981年8D成为福特、其子公司以及其供应商的标准15ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolving1981:
Do”wasreplacedbyDiscipline”1981“Do”被by“Discipline”代替Endofthe80s:
AdoptionofthemethodbymanyEuropeanOEMs,systemssuppliersaswellasmanynon-automotivecompaniesintheUSA80年代末:
8D被很多欧洲整车厂采用,在美国整车供应商包括很多非汽车行业也采用8DExamplesoffurtherproblemsolvingtechniques/methods其它的问题解决工具/方法的例子:
uXerox6Step施乐6步法uProcter&Gamble8StepP&G8步法uGM5-Phase通用5步法uKepner&TregoeProblemSolving&DecisionMakingKT法uShainin夏宁法uSixSigma六西格玛8DistheStandardoftheAutomotiveIndustryThe8DProcess8D程序BriefOverviewHistory简要概述-历史16ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingThe8DProcess8D程序BriefOverviewDefinition简要概述-定义Team-orientedprocedure/processforthesolvingofproblems以团队合作为导向的问题解决的程序/过程Fulfillsthreestandardizedandcomplementaryfunctions实现3个标准化和补充的功能uFunction1:
Problemidentification问题识别uFunction2:
Problemsolving问题解决uFunction3:
Documentation文件化17ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingThe8DProcess8D程序BriefOverviewScopeofApplication简要概述-适用范围8DSuitablefortechnicalandnon-technicalproblems适用技术非技术的问题Non-technical非技术性的Customerisnotsatisfied顾客不满意Delayeddelivery发运延迟Technical技术性的Constructionfailure结构失效Defectiveproduct不良产品7Qualitytools7大工具3x5WhySupportby8DRootcauseanalysisduringseriesproduction对于量产件根本原因分析Supportby8DDuringtheproductevolutionprocessorduringre-engineering在产品开发和再设计过程中Localdistribution局部分布Variablecomparison变量比较Componentcomparison零件比较Checksheetforconceptcomparison设计比较Taguchi田口法Etc.等等20ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingThe8DProcess8D程序BriefOverview总览8Dandthetoolsincontext8D和工具和工具DescriptionoftheProblem问题描述ImmediateActions临时措施ProblemSolving问题解决CorrectiveMeasures纠正措施Prevention预防ZeroDefects零缺陷Incident事故8DProcess8D过程程OtherTools其它工具7QualityTools7大质量工具LessonsLearned经验教训Transfertothenextgenerationandsimilarproceedings将经验教训传递给下一代产品或相似的过程上22ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingThe8DProcess8D程序Trigger触发源Target目标Time时间PerformanceTarget目标Time时间PerformanceTarget目标Time时间PerformanceTarget目标Time时间PerformanceActual实际Actual实际Actual实际Actual实际Graduallyfromthebeginning逐渐的从一开始就背离Graduallyafterastableperiod逐渐的在一个稳定的时期之后才背离Allofasudden所有出乎意料23ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingThe8DProcess8D程序ThesingleStepsinDetail每一步骤详解Improvementuntilfullsatisfactionisreached持续改进一直到完全满意ProblemSolvingTeam问题解决小组D1ProblemDescription问题描述D2ContainmentAction(s)遏制措施D3RootCauses根本原因D4CorrectiveActions纠正措施D5TypeofEffectivenessReviewandResult验证措施的有效性和结果D6PreventiveMeasures防止重复发生措施D7LessonsLearned经验教训D824ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingThe8DProcess8D程序ThesingleStepsinDetail每一步骤详解D1:
Installationofaproblemsolvingteam建立问题解决小组D2:
Problemdescription问题描述D3:
Implementationandverificationofcontainmentactions实施和验证遏制措施D4:
Determinationandanalysisofpossiblerootcauses决定和分析可能的根本原因D5:
Reviewofpossibleproceduresandplanningofcorrectivemeasures评审和策划纠正措施D6:
Implementationandverificationoftheplannedcorrectiveactions实施和验证纠正措施D7:
Initiationofactionstopreventrecurrence采取行动防止再发生D8:
Finaltalks/lessonslearned最终交流/经验教训D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D825ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingThe8DProcess8D程序D1InstallationofaTeam建立小组Build-upofacoreteam“withpersonswho建立包括以下成员的核心小组:
uDisposeoftherequiredprocessandproductknowledge(experts)了解了解过程及程及产品的品的专家家uBringintimeandcommitment有时间和承诺uDisposeofthecompetenciesaswellastheinternalauthorizationtosolvetheproblem,takedecisionsandtoinitiatemeasures有能力有能力以及以及內內部部授授权的人的人,能够解决问题、做决定和实施相应措施Theteammustnotconsistmerelyofmembersfromthequalitydepartment小组不可以不可以仅仅只由只由质量人量人员组成Thecauser“oftheproblemshouldbeapartoftheteam小组需包含问题的“引引发者者”Nominationofaninternalchampion“需任命一个小小组的的负责人人Ifrequired,inviteexpertsasextendedteammembers如果需要,可以邀请外部的外部的专家家作为小组成员D126ZFFriedrichshafenAG,20128DProblemSolvingThe8DProcess8D程序D1CheckSheet检查清单Areallrelevantdocumentsavailable?
是否有所有的文件Aretherightpersonsintheteam?
(professionalandtechnicalexperience)团队中人员是否合适(专业和
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