Spring Festival.docx
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Spring Festival.docx
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SpringFestival
SpringFestival,widelyknownasChineseNewYearinthewest,isthemostimportanttraditionalfestivalandapublicholidayinChina.The2011ChineseNewYearstartsinFebruary3.Itistheyearofrabbit.Thefestivalfallsonthefirstdayofthefirstlunarmonth(usuallyinlateJanuaryandearlyFebruary),andendswithLanternFestivalwhichisonthe15thday.
Thefestivaliscelebratedgrandlyandextensivelyacrossthecountry.VariousculturalactivitiessuchasFireworksDragonDancing,LionDancingandothertraditionalperformances,arearrangedinparksandstreetsincitiesandtowns.Everyfamilythoroughlycleansthehouse,sweepsthefloorsandwashesdailythings.Housecleaningisbelievedtodriveawayill-fortuneandbringgoodluckinthecomingyear.Windowsanddoorsaredecoratedwithredpaper-cutsandcouplets.SeeNewYeardecorations.
ChineseNewYearisatimeforfamiliestobetogether.AreuniondinnerisheldonNewYear'sEve,whenNewYearfoodincludingChinesedumplingsandspringrollsiseaten.
FromthefirstdayoftheNewYeartothe15thday,Chinesepeoplegotovisitfriendsandrelatives.Newyeargreetingsaregiventoeachother,andluckymoneyisgiventochildrentobringthemgoodluck.
Thenewyearperiodisthebusiesttraveltime.Ifyouchoosetotravelduringthisperiod,youneedtomakefullpreparationsandhaveyourtriparrangedasearlyaspossible.Seenewyeartraveltips
ChineseNewYearFood
ChineseNewYearFoodsareveryimportanttoChinesepeople.Allfamilymemberscometogethertoeatatthistime.ChineseNewYearfoodsarenotonlydeliciousbutitistraditionaltoeatcertainfoodsoverthisfestival.ChineseDumplings,Fish,SpringRolls,NianGaoareusuallyseenasdeliciousandeatenatthistime.
NianGao(GlutinousRiceCake):
InChinese,NianGaosoundslike"gettinghigheryearbyyear".InChinesepeople'smind,thehigheryouare,themoreprosperousyourbusinessis.MainingredientsofNianGaoarestickyrice,sugar,Chestnuts,Chinesedateandlotusleaves.
ChineseDumplings:
ChineseDumplingslooklikesilveringots.LegendhasitthatthemoredumplingsyoueatduringNewYearcelebration,moremoneyyoucanmakeintheNewYear.
SpringRoll:
PeoplelikeSpringRollbecausetheyarenutritiousanddelicious.SpringRollscontainporkandvegetable.Theycanbeeasilytakenonpicnics.TheygettheirnamebecausetheyaretraditionallyeatenduringChineseNewYearCelebration.
Origin
China'straditionalfestivalshaveevolvedthroughthecenturiesfrompastmajorevents.Forinstance,Longagowhenpeoplehadabountifulharvest,theygatheredandcelebratedtheirgoodfortunewithgalaperformannces.Whennaturaldisastersstruck,theyofferedsacrificestothegodsandtheirancestors,hopingforablessing.Thechangeoftheseasons,flowersinspring,andthebrightmooninautumncouldallarousetheirlongingforamorebeautifullife.Thus,creativeactivitieswereheldtosignifytheseevents,Graduallytheseactivitiesdevelopedintofestivals.
ThemostimportantfestivalinChinaistheSpringFestival.ItissaidthattheSpringFestivalevolvedfromanactivityknownastheWinterSacrifice.Itwasacustompracticedbythepeopleofprimitivesociety.
Asthecoldwinterbegantorecedeandthewarmspringwasabouttobegin,thepeopleofanentireclangatheredtogether.Theybroughtouttheirbountyfromhunting,fishingandthefield.Theythankedthegodsfortheblessingsofnature,includingthemountains,rivers,thesun,moonandstars,Theythankedtheirancestors,Thentheysharedandenjoyedthesumptuousbountyoftheland,sea,airandfieldsastheyate,dancedandsangheartily.
Inthebeginning,theiractivityhadnofixeddate.Butusuallyitwasheldattheendofeachwinter.Gradually,throughtheyears,itwascelebratedattheendoftheoldyearorthebeginningofthenew.Withthechangesanddisingtegrationofprimitivesociety,theformandcontentoftheWinterSacrificealsochanged.Ultimately,itbecameafestivaltobidfarewelltotheoldyearandwelcomeinthenewyear.SoitcametobecalledtheSpringFestival.
TheStoryofNian
Thereisalegendabouttheoriginof"year".Inancienttimes,ourancestorsweresubjecttothethreatofamostferociousanimalcalled'Nian'(year),whichlivedonvariouskindsofanimals.Inwinterwherefoodwasscarceinthemountains,'Nian'wouldintrudethevillagestoeathumanbeingsandbeastsofburden.Peoplewerefrightenedandontenterhooks.PeoplefoughtagainstNianformanyyears,andtheyfoundNianwasafraidofthreethings:
redcolor,fireandsound.Therefore,inwinterpeoplehungapieceofredpeachwoodatthedoor,lightedapileoffireatthegate,beatgongsanddrumsheavilytomakealoudsound,withoutsleepingthroughoutthenight.OnenightNianintrudedintothevillageagainandsawtheredcolorandfireateverydoorandheardathunderoussound.Itwasfrightenedandretreatedtothemountains.Fromthenonitdarenotcomeoutagain.Afterthenightwasover,peoplegavecongratulationstoeachother.Theyputupredlanternsanddrankliquorandwineatfeaststocelebratetheirvictory.
Tocelebratethegreatvictorypeopleofeveryfamilywouldpasteredpapercoupletsonthedoorpanels,lightredlanterns,beatgongsanddrums,letofffireworksandfirecrackersallthroughthenight.Earlynextmorningtheywouldgreeteachotherhappily.Generationaftergeneration,thedayofSpringFestivalcameintobeing.
GoodLuckCouplets
DecorationsareanimportantfeatureofthecelebrationsfortheChineseNewYear.Oneofthemainformsofdecorationarethe'RedCouplets',whichareChinesegoodlucksayingswrittenonredpaper,oftenwithgoldtrimmingsandusuallymadeupoffourChinesecharacterswhichaskforluckintermsoflonglife,wealthetc.
RedisnotonlyaluckycolourfortheChinese,butalsofrightensoffthemonster'Nian'whoarrivesatthistimeofyearanddestroyscropsandhomes.
SomeNewYearcoupletsareintendedtobepastedorpinnedinspecialplacessuchasthekitchenordoors,whilesomecanbeplacedanywhere.ThecoupletsareusuallytakendownaftertheNewYearcelebrations,thoughsomepeoplekeepthemupallyearlonginthehopeofkeepinggoodluck.
RedPackets
GivingHongbao(RedpacketsorRedenvelopes)duringChineseNewYearisanothertradition.ARedpacketissimplyaredenvelopewithmoneyinitwhichsymbolizesluckandwealth.Redpacketsaretypicallyhandedouttoyoungergenerationsbytheirparents,grandparents,relatives,closeneighborsandfriends.Moneygivenlikethismaynotberefusedandtheprettyenvelopemakesthepresentseemlessvulgar.TheimmediatefamilygivepresentstochildrenonNewYear'sEve.ThisiscalledYaSuiQian,meaning"suppressingagemoney,"whichissupposedtostopchildrenfromgettingolder.ThiscomesfromthebeliefthateveryonebecomesoneyearolderonNewYear'sDay.Redistheluckycolorandwillbringgoodlucktothepersonreceivingthepresent.
KitchenGod'sDay
Onthe24thdayofthelastlunarmonththeKitchengodreturnstoheaventogiveareporttotheJadeEmperor(inChinesemythologytheJadeEmperoristherulerofheaven)aboutthefamily'sactivitiesoverthepastyear.ThisdayismarkedbyactsofappeasementtotheKitchengodsothathewillgivetheJadeEmperorafavourablereport.
TraditionallyimagesoftheKitchengodareburnedasasymbolicactofdeparture.Oftensomegoldorsilvermoneywillalsobeburnedfortravellingexpenses.InsomehouseholdsthelipsoftheKitchengodarebrushedwithhoneyorasugarsolutionjustbeforetheimageisburned-thiswillincreasethelikelihoodthatonlysweetthingswillbesaidbytheKitchengod.Fromthe24ththeKitchengodwillbeabsentfromhisshrineinthekitchen,andduringthistimeitwillbecleanedinpreparationforhisreturnonNewYear'sEve.
DoorGods
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DuringthebuilduptoChineseNewYearDoorGodsareplacedontheexternaldoorsofhouses.ThisisanageoftraditiondatingbacktotheTangDynasty(618-907AD).TheEmperorTaizongissaidtohavefallenill,andhadadreaminwhichghostscametothepalaceinsearchforhim.Herecountedthistaletohisofficialsthenextday,andthestoryquicklyspreadthroughtheImperialCourt-suchmatterswerenottakenlightly.Theemperorstoptwogenerals,QinQiongandYuchiGong,bothofwhomhadfoughttoestablishtheTangdynastystoodguardoutsidetheemperor'sbedroomdoor.
Theemperorsleptsoundlyintheknowledgethathewasprotectedbythesetwogenerals,andhadnofurtherdreamsoftheghosts.However,afterafewnightstheemperorbecameconcernedforthegenerals.Heorderedthattwopaintingsbemade,oneofeachgeneral.Oncecompleted,theemperorhadthesehungonthedoortohisroom,andrelievedthegenerals.
Thistalesoonbecamewidelyknown,andintheireagernesstosharetheprotectionofthese"DoorGods"thecommonpeoplemadetheirownpaintingsandplacedthemontheirdoors.thetraditionhascontinuedeversince.
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Firecrackers
Firecrackersaretraditionallysetofftofrightenawayghostssothatthenewyearwouldbefreeofthem.Legendsaysthatlongagotherewasamonsterwhoterrorizedpeopleandanimalsattheendoftheyear.Itwasdiscoveredthatthisanimalwasfrightenedofloudnoise,brightlights,andthecolorred.Atmidnight,onthelastdayoftheoldyear,thesethingsareusedtochaseawaythemonsterofthewholeyear.
Firecrackersaresetoffassoonasthenewyeararrives.Youcanhearorseefirecrackerseverywhere,andthisusuallylastsforafewhours.Somepeoplew
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