老人与海.docx
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老人与海.docx
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老人与海
For84days,theoldfishermanSantiagohascaughtnothing.Alone,impoverished,andfacinghisownmortality,Santiagoisnowconsideredunlucky.SoManolin(Santiago’sfishingpartneruntilrecentlyandtheyoungmanSantiagohastaughtsincetheageoffive)hasbeenconstrainedbyhisparentstofishinanother,moreproductiveboat.Everyevening,though,whenSantiagoagainreturnsempty-handed,Manolinhelpscarryhometheoldman’sequipment,keepshimcompany,andbringshimfood.
Onthemorningofthe85thday,Santiagosetsoutbeforedawnonathree-dayodysseythattakeshimfarouttosea.Insearchofanepiccatch,heeventuallydoessnagamarlinofepicproportions,enduringtremendoushardshiptolandthegreatfish.Hestrapsthemarlinalongthelengthofhisskiffandheadsforhome,hardlybelievinghisownvictory.Withinanhour,amakosharkattacksthemarlin,tearingawayagreathunkofitsfleshandmutilatingSantiago’sprize.Santiagofightsthemako,enduringgreatsuffering,andeventuallykillsitwithhisharpoon,whichhelosesinthestruggle.
Thegreattearinthemarlin’sfleshreleasesthefish’sbloodandscentintothewater,attractingpacksofshovel-nosedsharks.Withwhateverequipmentremainsonboard,Santiagorepeatedlyfightsoffthepacksofthesescavengers,enduringexhaustionandgreatphysicalpain,eventearingsomethinginhischest.Eventually,thesharkspickthemarlinclean.Defeated,Santiagoreachesshoreandbeachestheskiff.Aloneinthedark,helooksbackatthemarlin’sskeletoninthereflectionfromastreetlightandthenstumbleshometohisshack,fallingfacedownontohiscotinexhaustion.
Thenextmorning,ManolinfindsSantiagoinhishutandcriesovertheoldman’sinjuries.Manolinfetchescoffeeandhearsfromtheotherfishermanwhathehadalreadyseen—thatthemarlin’sskeletonlashedtotheskiffiseighteenfeetlong,thegreatestfishthevillagehasknown.ManolinsitswithSantiagountilheawakesandthengivestheoldmansomecoffee.TheoldmantellsManolinthathewasbeaten.ButManolinreassureshimthatthegreatfishdidn’tbeathimandthattheywillfishtogetheragain,thatluckdoesn’tmatter,andthattheoldmanstillhasmuchtoteachhim.
Thatafternoon,sometouristsseethemarlin’sskeletonwaitingtogooutwiththetideandaskawaiterwhatitis.Tryingtoexplainwhathappenedtothemarlin,thewaiterreplies,“Eshark.”Butthetouristsmisunderstandandassumethat’swhattheskeletonis.
Backinhisshack,withManolinsittingbesidehim,SantiagosleepsagainanddreamsoftheyounglionshehadseenalongthecoastofAfricawhenhewasayoungman.
"Heunsteppedthemastandfurledthesailandtiedit.Thenheshoulderedthemastandstartedtoclimb.Itwasthenheknowthedepthofhistiredness.Hestoppedforamomentandlookedbackandsawinthereflectionfromthestreetlightthegreattailofthefishstandingupwellbehidetheskiff'sstern,Hesawthewhitenakedlineofhisbackboneandthedarkmassoftheheadwiththeprojectingbillandallthenakednessbetween"
Thisisnotthemostheartbreakingpart,forweknowit,hewasbackhome,althoughwithonlytheskullofthefishwhohelovedmost.Withhisdesperatelyhopeandhiscourageousstruggle,hebroughthomealmostnothing.
Canwecallthatatriumph?
CommentsbyBobCorbett
January2006
OnceagainIreturntotheworkofErnestHemingwayafteranalmost50yearhiatus.TheOldManandtheSeaisamagnificentstory.Atonelevelitisthetaleofamanandafish,atanother,astoryofmanversusnature,atyetanother,thestoryofthecultureofmanhood,courage,braveryinthefaceofexistence,andatyetanotherahistoryofwhatlifewaslikewhenindividualsweremorethecentralactorsonthehumanstageandnotgroupsororganizations.
Atthemostbasicleveltheveryelderlyfisherman,Santiago,goesoutinhissmallfishingboatafter84dayswithouthookingadecentfish.Hegoesfarout,andhooksagigantic18footlongswordfish.Thebattlethenbegins,andthefishdragsthesmallboatandSantiagofarouttosea.Fortwodaystheybattle,andSantiagowinsthatbattle,butthenlosesthegreatfishonthewayhometothescavengersharkswhofindhimeasyprey.
Hemingwaycelebratesthecourageandrawgutsofthisoldman,evenrecountingatimeinCasablancawhenhehadspentanentiredayinanarmwrestlingmatchwithamuchlargermaninaseasidetavern.Hemingwaycelebratesaconceptofhumansasbeingswhogoitalone,fierce,brave,courageouswithouteventhinkingaboutit,oozingstrengthfromthenatureofthebestofthespecies.
Thestoryistoldwithincredibleeconomyofwordsanddescription,yetnothingissacrificedwhichdriveshomethepowerandinnerstrengthofthisman,whojusttakesitaswhathedoes,whatitistobeaseriousfisherman.
Hemingway抯worldisnotmyworld.IamnoSantiago,nomachoman.AndthecultureoftodayhaslittleplaceleftfortheradicalindividualwhomHemingwaycelebratesandSantiagoportrays.YetthepowerofHemingway抯tellingissuchthatIcouldn抰helpbutbeonSantiago抯side,toadmirehim,toachewithhislossintheendtoforcesgreaterthanhe.
Thereisasidetaleaswell.Thisgreatindividual,themanwhostandsalone,isnotalonecompletelybychoice.Hehasdevelopedafriendship,aworkingrelationship,alovewithayoungboywhobeganfishingwithhimwhentheboywasonlyfive.Nowtheboyhasmovedontoanotherboat,amoresuccessfulone,athisparents?
behest,buthepinestoworkwithSantiago,andwhenthebattlewiththegreatfishhasbeenengaged,Santiagopleadsoverandoverandover:
揑wishtheboywerehere.?
Likemanyreaderswhomightcomeuponthisnoveltoday,Ilivealifeofcitifiedeaseandcomfort.Alifefarremovedfromharshconfrontationswithnature.ButHemingwayforcesmetorememberandacknowledgetheindividual,thestruggleforthemostbasicexistence,thebattlewithnatureforsurvivalitself.Butmostimportantlyhemakesoneacknowledgetheimportanceoftheindividualandthemagnificenceofcourage,skill,artandendurance.
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Forotheruses,seeTheOldManandtheSea(disambiguation).
TheOldManandtheSea
AuthorErnestHemingway
CountryUnitedStates
LanguageEnglish
Genre(s)Tragedy,Novella
PublisherCharlesScribner'sSons
Publicationdate1952
MediatypePrint(hardbackandpaperback)
Pages127p
ISBN978-0-684-80122-3
OCLCNumber33134129
DeweyDecimal813/.5220
LCClassificationPS3515.E37O41995
PrecededbyAcrosstheRiverandIntotheTrees
FollowedbyAMoveableFeast
TheOldManandtheSeaisastorybyErnestHemingway,writteninCubain1951andpublishedin1952.ItwasthelastmajorworkoffictiontobeproducedbyHemingwayandpublishedinhislifetime.Oneofhismostfamousworks,itcentersuponSantiago,anagingCubanfishermanwhostruggleswithagiantmarlinfaroutintheGulfStream.[1]
ThebookwasdedicatedtothememoryofMaxwellPerkins,Hemingway'sliteraryeditor.[2]
Contents[hide]
1Plotsummary
2Backgroundandpublication
3Symbolismofcharacter
4Literarysignificanceandcriticism
5Footnotes
6References
7Furtherreading
8Externallinks
[edit]Plotsummary
TheOldManandtheSearecountsanepicbattleofwillsbetweenanold,experiencedfishermanandagiantmarlinsaidtobethelargestcatchofhislife.Itopensbyexplainingthatthefisherman,whoisnamedSantiago,hasgone84dayswithoutcatchinganyfishatall.Heisapparentlysounluckythathisyoungapprentice,Manolin,hasbeenforbiddenbyhisparentstosailwiththeoldmanandbeenorderedtofishwithmoresuccessfulfishermen.Stilldedicatedtotheoldman,however,theboyvisitsSantiago'sshackeachnight,haulingbackhisfishinggear,feedinghimanddiscussingAmericanbaseball—mostnotablySantiago'sidol,JoeDiMaggio.SantiagotellsManolinthatonthenextday,hewillventurefaroutintotheGulftofish,confidentthathisunluckystreakisnearitsend.
Thusontheeighty-fifthday,Santiagosetsoutalone,takinghisskifffarontotheGulf.Hesetshislinesand,bynoonofthefirstday,abigfishthatheissureisamarlintakeshisbait.Unabletopullinthegreatmarlin,Santiagoinsteadfindsthefishpullinghisskiff.Twodaysandtwonightspassinthismanner,duringwhichtheoldmanbearsthetensionofthelinewithhisbody.Thoughheiswoundedbythestruggleandinpain,Santiagoexpressesacompassionateappreciationforhisadversary,oftenreferringtohimasabrother.Healsodeterminesthatbecauseofthefish'sgreatdignity,noonewillbeworthyofeatingthemarlin.
Onthethirddayoftheordeal,thefishbeginstocircletheskiff,indicatinghistirednesstotheoldman.Santiago,nowcompletelywornoutandalmostindelirium,usesallthestrengthhehasleftinhimtopullthefishontoitssideandstabthemarlinwithaharpoonendingthelongbattlebetweentheoldmanandthetenaciousfish.
Santiagostrapsthemarlintothesideofhisskiffandheadshome,thinkingaboutthehighpricethefishwillbringhimatthemarketandhowmanypeoplehewillfeed.
WhileSantiagocontinueshisjourneybacktotheshore,sharksareattractedtothetrailofbloodleftbythemarlininthewater.Thefirst,agreatmakoshark,Santiagokillswithhisharpoon,losingthatweaponintheprocess.Hemakesanewharpoonbystrappinghisknifetotheendofanoartohelpwardoffthenextlineofsharks;intotal,fivesharksareslainandmanyothersaredrivenaway.Butthesharkskeepcoming,andbynightfallthesharkshavealmostdevour
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