翻译理论.docx
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翻译理论.docx
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翻译理论
LiteralTranslation(直译)andLiberal/FreeTranslation(意译)
Warming-up:
TranslationImprovement
1.Sheisinlovewithhim.2.Commitnonuisance.3.Ifoundmyselfatthefootofahill.4.岂有此理。
5.他这人从来不管什么三七二十一。
她和他在爱中。
不要犯讨厌。
我在一座小山的山脚发现了自己。
Thereisnosuchprinciple.Henevercaresthatthreetimessevenequalstotwenty-one.
I.LiteralTranslation
Theso-calledliteraltranslation,superficiallyspeaking,means“nottoaltertheoriginalwordsandsentences”;strictlyspeaking,itstrives“tokeepthesentimentsandstyleoftheoriginal”.
crocodile’stears(鳄鱼的眼泪)armedtotheteeth(武装到牙齿)gentlemen’sagreement(君子协定)Smashingamirrorisnowaytomakeanuglypersonbeautiful,noritisawaytomakesocialproblemevaporate.
⏹Literal:
砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮,也不能使社会问题烟消云散.
⏹Free:
砸镜子不能解决实际问题
II.Liberal/FreeTranslation
⏹analternativeapproachusedmainlytoconveythemeaningandspiritoftheoriginalwithouttryingtoreproduceitssentencepatternsorfiguresofspeech.
⏹Freetranslationismore“TL-oriented”thanliteraltranslation.
⏹atsixesandsevens乱七八糟Itrainscatsanddogs滂沱大雨
⏹Don’tcrossthebridgetillyougettoit.不必自寻烦恼;不要自找麻烦。
⏹Doyouseeanygreeninmyeyes?
你以为我是好欺骗的吗?
⏹Hethrewtheslippertothebrideandgroomaftertheweddingceremonyandleft.婚礼结束后,他向这对新婚夫妇表达了祝福.
III.Properuses
⏹literaltranslationpossibly;liberaltranslationalternatively
⏹Choosethebetteroneaccordingtotheusualexpressingofthetargetlanguage.
IV.Attentions!
!
!
!
!
!
⏹1.noabsolutely“literal”,norentirely“free”
⏹2.literaltranslation≠“死译”/“硬译”:
⏹Don’tbeboundhandandfootbythesourcelanguagesyntax;
⏹freetranslation≠“乱译”/“胡译”:
⏹Donotaddpersonalemotiontotheoriginalworks.
⏹3.Inidiomstranslation,iftherearecorrespondingsetsayingsbothinChineseandEnglish,justmatchtheminsteadoftranslatingliterally.
⏹F(foreigner):
Yourwifeisverybeautiful!
⏹I(interpreter):
你的太太真漂亮!
C(Chinese):
哪里,哪里!
I(interpreter):
Where,where!
⏹F(foreigner):
Fromheadtotoe.I(interpreter):
从头到脚(都美)。
⏹C(Chinese):
不见得,不见得。
I(interpreter):
Nottobeseen,nottobeseen.
Examples
1.Sheisinlovewithhim.她爱上了他。
2.Commitnonuisance.不要随地小便。
3.Ifoundmyselfatthefootofahill.我发现自己已在山脚下
4.岂有此理。
Itisreallyabsurd!
Nonsense!
5.他这人从来不管什么三七二十一。
Hehasalwaysbeenactingindiscriminately.
Hehasalwaysbeenactingregardlessofthesequences.
1)Birdsofafeatherflock(聚结)together.物以类聚
2)Nothingcanbemadeoutofnothing.巧妇难为无米之炊。
3)Greatmenareapttohaveshortmemories.贵人多忘事。
4)Aguescomeonhorseback,butgoawayonfoot.病来如山倒,病去如抽丝。
Exercises
1.Sheandhermotherareaslikeastwopeas.
2.Every life has its roses and thorns.
3. He was a dead shot, buthe met his Waterloo this time.
4. He carried on his age astonishingly well.
5. Iwastheyoungestson,andtheyoungestchildbuttwo.
6.Thepictureflatteredher.
7.Iamundertheweather,andmayItakearaincheck?
8.Theelevatorgirlreadsbooksbetweenpassengers.
9.Thereisnopotsouglythatitcan’tfindalid.
10.Littlefishdoesn’teatbigfish.
Exercises
1.Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart,holdahand,lendanear,pataback,lightupaface,tickleafunnybone,dryaneye,surpriseachild,wooasweetheart,toastabride,welcomeastranger,waveagood-bye,shoutabravo,blowakiss,mendaquarrel,easeapain,boostamorale,stopaworryandstartatradition.
1.Agreetingcardcanwarmaheart,holdahand,lendanear,pataback,lightupaface,tickleafunnybone,dryaneye,surpriseachild,wooasweetheart,toastabride,welcomeastranger,waveagood-bye,shoutabravo,blowakiss,mendaquarrel,easeapain,boostamorale,stopaworryandstartatradition.
Tickle使发痒woo追求bravo喝彩morale士气
一张问候卡可以温暖一颗心,握紧一双手,倾听肺腑言,轻拍友人背;它令人喜洋洋,撩得心痒痒,抹去泪汪汪;它给孩子以惊喜,给恋人以温存,给新娘以祝福,给路人以欢迎;它可用以挥手道别,高声喝彩,送上飞吻,也可用以平息争吵,减轻痛苦,提高士气,解除忧虑,开创一种新风尚。
Foreignizingmethod(异化)Domesticatingmethod(归化)
References
郭著章,《英汉互译实用教程》,武汉大学出版社,2003.张春柏,《英汉汉英翻译教程》,高等教育出版社,2003.许钧,《翻译论》,湖北教育出版社,2003.
http:
//www.tac-中国译协网http:
//www.china-中国翻译网
Literal/FreetranslationandForeignizing/Domesticatingtranslation
Foreignizing/DomesticatingTranslationaretheextensionofLiteral/FreeTranslation.
Foreignizing/DomesticatingTranslationmainlydealwithculture,sotheyareaspecialkindofLiteral/FreeTranslation.
Foreigniziation:
Alienation/Dissimilation
atargettextdeliberatelybreakstargetconventionsbyretainingsomethingoftheforeignnessoftheoriginal,soitis“SL-oriented”.
Domestication:
Assimilation
atransparent,fluentstyleisadoptedinordertominimizethestrangenessoftheforeigntextfortargetlanguagereaders,soitis“TL-oriented”.
Foreignizationinidiomstranslation
1).AccordingtothesoundoftheSLBallet,PizzasaladToffeeshampoo
2).accordingtotheliteralmeaningofthewordsoftheSL
hotdogforbiddenfruitTrojanhorseSourgrapes
Forbiddenfruit;Adam’sapple禁果;亚当的苹果YourAdam’sappleisn’tapparent.
Adam’sapplecanbemoreclearlyseenonmenthanwomen’sthroats.
TheTrojanhorse;HelenofTroy特洛伊木马;特洛伊的海伦
Trojanhorseistodayafigurativeexpressionusedforanythingintendedtosecretlybringaboutthedownfallordefeatofanenemy.
aprogramdesignedtobreakthesecurityofacomputersystemwhileostensibly(表面上)performinganinnocuous(无害的)function.
Trojanhorse(特洛伊木马):
thehiddendanger;thecovertwreckers(内奸);toengageinunderhandactivities
HelenofTroy(特洛伊的海伦):
abeautifulgirlorwoman;abeautywhoruinshercountry;aterribledisasterbroughtbysb/sthyoulikebest;SourgrapeandSweetmelon:
酸葡萄;甜柠檬
Domesticationinidiomstranslation
Loveme,lovemydog.爱屋及乌lionintheway拦路虎lickone’sboots拍马屁Diamondcutsdiamond棋逢对手Togrowlikemushrooms雨后春笋
wetlikeadrownrat湿如落汤鸡
asstubbornasamule犟得像牛seekahareinahen’snest缘木求鱼
Twocanplaythegame.孤掌难鸣Haveonefootinthegrave行将就木/风烛残年
⏹cryupwineandsellvinegar挂羊头,卖狗肉talkhorse吹牛killthegoosethatlaysthegoldeneggs杀鸡取卵drinklikeafish牛饮
Hethatliveswithcrippleslearnstolimp.近朱者赤,近墨者黑.
Domesticatingtranslation:
Attentions!
!
!
!
!
!
Whileusingdomesticatingtranslation,thefollowingChineseidiomscannotbeemployed.
a.idiomsthatreflectthespecialChinesecustom(映中华民族特殊习俗)“腰缠万贯”;“罄竹难书”b.idiomsthatcontainChinesescripts(有汉字特征)“目不识丁”;“八字没一撇”
c.idiomsthatcontainChinesenamesofplaces(含有中国地名)“稳如泰山”;“黔驴技穷”;“洛阳纸贵”d.idiomsthatcontainChinesenamesofpersons(含有中国人名)“名落孙山”;“事后诸葛亮”Beautyliesinlover’seyes.情人眼里出美人Manyheadsarebetterthanone.一人不及众人计Neveroffertoteachfishtoswim.不要教鱼儿游泳
三个臭皮匠,顶个诸葛亮。
A.ThreecobblersequalZhugeLiang.B.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.
C.ThreecobblerswiththeirwitscombinedequalZhugeLiangthemastermind.
D.TheblacksmithsmakesaSolomon.
E.Thewisdomofthemassesexceedsthatofthewisestindividual.
×Deadtranslation(死译)好好学习Goodgoodstudy,
天天向上daydayup.(×)
Studyhardandyouwillmakeprogresseveryday.
哪里!
哪里!
Where!
Where!
(×)
Thankyou.(It’sverykindofyoutosayso.)
一个和尚挑水吃,两个和尚抬水吃,三个和尚没水吃。
A.Oneboyisaboy,twoboys,halfaboyandthreeboysnoboy.
B.Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.
静夜思床前明月光,疑是地上霜。
举头望明月,低头思故乡。
IntheStilloftheLight
Idecrybrightmoonlightinfrontofmybed.
Isuspectittobehoaryonthefloor.
Iwatchthebrightmoon,asItiltbackmyhead.
Iyearn,whilestooping,formyhomelandmore.
QuietNightThought
Besidebrightmoonlight
Issuspectedtobefrostonthefloor.
Raisingheadtowatchthebrightmoon,
Loweringheadtothinkofthehometown.
ATranquilNight
----Translatedby许渊冲
Beforemybedapoolofnight—
Canitbehoarfrostontheground?
Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright;
Bowing,InhomesicknessI’mdrowned.
ThoughtsinaStillNight
Theluminousmoonshinebeforemybed,
Isthoughttobethefrostfallenontheground.
Iliftmyheadtogazeatthecliffmoon,
Andthenbowdowntomuseonmydistanthome.
Exercises
1.Ivorytower
2.Amongtheblindtheone-eyedmanisKing.
3.LastnightIheardhimdrivinghispigtomarket.
4.Theteenagersdon’tinviteBobtotheirpartiesbecauseheisawetblanket.
5.Hecaughtfortywinksjustnow.
exercise
I,bycomparison,livinginmyoverpricedcityapartment,walkingtoworkpastputridsacksofstreetgarbage,payingusurioustaxestolocalandstategovernmentsIgenerallyabhor,Iamratedmiddleclass.Thiscausesmetowonder,dothemeasurementmakesense?
Arewemeasuringonlythatwhichiseasilymeasured--thenumbersonthemoneychart--andignoringvaluesmorecentraltothegoodlife?
Formysonsthereisofcoursetheruralbountyoffresh-grownvegetables,line-caughtfishandthesharedrichesofneighbors’orchardsandgardens.Thereistheunpaidbabysitterforwhosechildrenmydaughter-in-lawbaby-sitsinreturn,andneighborswhobartertheirskillsandlabor.Butmorethanthat,howdoyoumeasureserenity?
Senseofself?
Idon’twanttoidealizelifeinsmallplaces.Therearetimeswhentheoutsideworldintrudesbrutally,aswhenthecostofgasolinegoesupordeveloperscasttheireyesonuntouchedfarmland.Therearecruelties,thereisintolerance,thereareallthemanyvicesandmeannessesinsmallplacesthatexistinlargecities.Furthermore,itishardertoignorethemwhentheycannotbebanishedpsychologicallytoanotherpartoftownorexcusedasthewhimsofaliengroups—whentheyhavetobeacknowledgedas“partofus.”
Formysonsthereisofcoursetheruralbountyoffresh-grownvegetables,line-caughtfishandthesharedrichesof
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