Test Paper of Unit Four.docx
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Test Paper of Unit Four.docx
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TestPaperofUnitFour
TestPaperofUnitFour,BookTwo
Class:
ThreeName:
温敏华Number:
10106013023______
I.MultipleChoice(10%)
Therearetwentysentencesinthissection.BeneatheachsentencestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentences.
1、Constantexposuretointenselight______theeyesadversely?
A、affectionB、influenceC、affectsD、effects
2、Doyouhaveanystatisticaldatato______youropinion?
A、forceB、abuseC、enforceD、enfold
3、Heis______andmodest,andisrespectedbyusall.
A、industryB、industrialC、industriousD、index
4、Everygovernmentthatrefusetomeettheneedsofitspeoplemustacceptthe_______.
A、consequencesB、endingsC、resultsD、outcome
5、Thecrowd______outofthestandsontothefield.
A、swarmedB、assembledC、gatheredD、congregated
6、Thepartofthetownhasbeen______asashoppingarea.
A、zonedB、regionC、separatedD、departed
7、Hisaffectedmannerism______manyofus.
A、provokedB、irritatedC、inspiredD、hoisted
8、NATOthreatenedmore______actionifitstermswerenotmet.
A、radicalB、drasticC、extremeD、extract
9、Farmersadd______tothesoiltomakeplanetsgrowbetter.
A、foodstuffB、fertilizerC、dyeD、fuel
10、Manypeoplethinkofdesertsas______regions,butnumerousspeciesofplantsandanimalshaveadaptedtolifethere.
A、virginB、barrenC、voidD、wretched
11、Yourfailureinthefinalexamisduetothefactthatyoudidnot______enoughimportanttoyourEnglish.
A、attendB、attackC、attachD、obtain
12、Theaudiencewasthrownintoa______whenthefirestarted.
A、terrorB、panicC、disorderD、alarm
13、Johncomplainedtothebooksellerthattherewereseveralpages______inthedictionary.
A、missingB、losingC、droppingD、leaking
14、Sheturneduptheradioto______thenoiseofthetraffic.
A、fillB、enormousC、drownoutD、entertain
15、Thehouseisinbeautiful______.
A、surroundingB、surroundingsC、environmentsD、circumstances
16、Thebirds______atthesoundofthegun.
A、spreadB、scatteredC、fliedD、sped
17、Thereareloadsoflearned______inhishead.
A、wasteB、garbageC、junkD、lumber
18、Withgreateffortsofthepeace-lovingpeopleallovertheworld-Iraq______thewar.
A、survivedB、survivedfromC、survivalD、survivedto
19、Afterworkingfortwentyhourswithoutanyrest,thedoctorswere______.
A、exclaimedB、relaxedC、exhaustedD、polluted
20、The1986lawimposednewfinancial______onprivatecompanies.
A、preparationsB、determinationsC、restrictionsD、admiration
II.Cloze(20%)
Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.Markthebestchoiceforeachblankonyouranswersheet.
ThewarmingoftheEarth______overthelast100yearswillbeduetoacombinationofmanyfactors.Warmingduetotheincreaseingreenhousegases______determinedsofar.______,projectionsofgreenhousewarmingdonotrestonrecentobservations,theycomefrom_______understandingoftheclimatesystem.A_______ofsimpleandcomplexcomputermodels_______overthelast30yearstoputtogetherknowledgeofmanyclimateprocesses.
_______tosomescientificopinion,currentmodelsdoareasonablejobof_______today’sclimate.Thedifferencebetweensummerandwintertemperatures,in_______tochangeinheatingfromtheSun,iscorrectlystimulatedto_______about0.5degreesovermuchoftheplanet._______eventsprovideadditionaltestsofourunderstanding.Forexample,thescaleand_______ofcoolingduetotheeruptionofMt.Pinatubowere_______byclimatemodels.
Whengreenhousegasesareincreasedinclimatemodels,theresponseisalwaysanincreaseinaveragetemperaturesandwatervapor.Models_______intheirresultbut,invirtuallyall_______,doublingtheamountofcarbondioxideincreaseglobalaveragetemperatures_______between1.5℃and4℃.Whyaretheresomedissenting_______heardonthescienceofclimatechange?
_______it_______thatcriticsaresimplyunawareofthedepthofthesciencedevelopedsofar.
Othersareconcerned_______wedonotunderstandeverythingabouttheclimatesystem.
1、A、observedB、observingC、toobserveD、hasbeenobserved
2、A、aloneB、lonelyC、simplyD、really
3、A、HoweverB、FurthermoreC、ThereforeD、Besides
4、A、thoroughB、scientificC、individualD、ridiculous
5、A、rangeB、kindC、sortD、form
6、A、hasbeenusedB、hadbeenusedC、havebeenusedD、hasused
7、A、ContrastB、ContraryC、ComparedD、Comparison
8、A、resemblingB、translatingC、stimulatingD、simulating
9、A、additionB、properC、responseD、due
10、A、withinB、inC、insideD、with
11、A、CurrentB、GeographicalC、FinancialD、Natural
12、A、lastingB、durationC、continuationD、expansion
13、A、directedB、createdC、madeD、reproduced
14、A、differB、changeC、varyD、move
15、A、factsB、casesC、reasonsD、occasions
16、A、byB、withC、ofD、within
17、A、soundsB、voicesC、commentsD、studies
18、A、InsomecasesB、InanycaseC、InnocaseD、Incaseof
19、A、appearsB、realizesC、provesD、shows
20、A、whenB、althoughC、ifD、because
III.ReadingComprehension(20%)
Inthissectiontherearetworeadingpassagesfollowedbyfivequestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.
TEXTONE
Environmentalsensitivityisnowasrequiredanattitudeinpolitesocietyasis,say,beliefindemocracy.ButnowthateveryonefromTedTurnertoGeorgeBush,DowtoExxonhasprofessedloveforMotherEarth,howarewetochooseamongthedozensofconflictingproposals,restrictions,projects,regulationsandlawsadvancedinthenameoftheenvironment?
Clearlynoteverythingwithanenvironmentalclaimisworthdoing.Howtochoose?
Thereisasimpleway.First,distinguishbetweenenvironmentalluxuriesandenvironmentalnecessities.Luxuriesarethosethingsitwouldbenicetohaveifcostless.Necessitiesarethosethingswemusthaveregardless.Thenapplyarule.Callitthefundamentalaxiomofsaneenvironmentalism:
Combattingecologicalchangethatdirectlythreatensthehealthandsafetyofpeopleisanenvironmentalnecessity.Allelseisluxury.
Forexample:
preservingtheatmosphere—stoppingozonedepletionandthegreenhouseeffect—isanenvironmentalnecessity.InAprilscientistsreportedtheozonedamageisfarworsethanpreviousthought.Ozonedepletionnotonlycausesskincancer,italsodestroysplankton,thebeginningofthefoodchainatopwhichwehumanssit.
Therealityofthegreenhouseeffectismorespeculative,thoughitspossibleconsequencesarefardeadlier:
meltingicecaps,floodedcoastlines,disruptedclimate,parchedplainsand,ultimately,emptybreadbaskets.TheAmericanMidwestfeedstheworld.ArewepreparedtoseeIowaacquireNewMexico’sdesertclimate?
AndSiberiaacquireIowa’s?
Ozonedepletionandthegreenhouseeffectarehumandisasters.Theyhappentooccurintheenvironment.Buttheyareurgentbecausetheydirectlythreatenman.Asaneenvironmentalism,theonlykindofenvironmentalismthatwillwinuniversalpublicsupport,beginsbydeclaringthatnatureisheretoserveman.Asaneenvironmentalismisentirelyanthropocentric:
itenjoinsmantopreservenature,butonthegroundsofself-preservation.
Asaneenvironmentalismdoesnotsentimentalizetheearth.Itdoesnotaskpeopletosacrificeinthenameofothercreatures.Afterall,itishardenoughtoaskpeopletosacrificeinthenameofotherhumans.(Thinkofthechronicpublicresistancetoforeignaidandwelfare.)
Ofcourse,thisanthropocentrismrunsagainstthegrainofacontemporaryenvironmentalismthatindulgesinearthworshiptothepointidolatry.Onescientifictheory—Gaiatheory—actuallyclaimsthatEarthisalivingorganism.Thiskindofenvironmentalismlikestoconsideritselfspiritual.Itisnotingmorethansentimental.Ittakes,forexample,ahighlyselectiveviewofthebenignityofnature.MynatureworshipstopswiththeApriltwisterthatcamethroughKansasortheMaycyclonethatkilledmorethan125,000Bengalisandleft10million(!
)homeless.
Anon-sentimentalenvironmentalismisonefoundedonProtagoras’maximthat“Manisthemeasureofallthings.”Suchaprinciplehelpsusthroughthethicketofenvironmentalargument.TakethecurrentdebateragingoveroildrillinginacorneroftheAlaskaNationalWildlifeRefuge.Environmentalists,mobilizingagainstabillworkingitswaythroughtheU.S.Congresstopermitsuchexploration,arguethatAmericansshouldbeconservingenergyinsteadofdrillingforit.Thisisafalseeither/orproposition.TheU.S.doesneedasizableenergytaxtoreduceconsumption.Butitneedsmoreproductiontoo.Governmentestimatesindicateanearlyfifty-fiftychancethatundertheANWRliesoneofthefivelargestoilfieldseverdiscoveredinAmerica.
TheU.S.hasjustcomethroughawarfoughtinpartoveroil.EnergydependencecostsAmericansnotjustdollarsbutlives.ItisabizarresentimentalismthatwoulddenyoilthatispeacefullyattainablebecauseitrisksdisruptingthecalvinggroundsofArcticcaribou.
Ilikethecaribouasmuchasthenextman.AndIwouldberathersorryiftheirmatingpatternsaredisturbed.Butyoucan’thaveeverything.Andifthechoiceisbetweenthewelfareofcaribouandreducingandoildependencythatgetspeoplekilledinwars,Ichoosemanovercariboueverytime.
SimilarlythespottedowlinOregon.Iamnoenemyoftheowl.Ifitcouldbepreservedatnoorlittlecost,Iwouldagree:
thevarietyofnatureisagood,ahighaestheticgood.Butitisnomorethanthat.Andsometimesaestheticgoodshavetobesacrificedtothemorefundamentalones.Ifthecostofpreservingthespottedowlisthelossoflivelihoodf
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