中山大学 241英语.docx
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中山大学 241英语.docx
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中山大学241英语
中山大学2013年二外英语考研真题
Section1:
UseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)
Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.Ideally,therefore,thechoiceofan1shouldbemadeevenbeforethechoiceofacurriculuminhighschool.Actually,2,mostpeoplemakeseveraljobchoicesduringtheirworkinglives,3becauseofeconomicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprove4positions.The‘oneperfectjob’doesnotexist.YoungPeopleshould5enterintoabroadflexibletrainingprogramthatwill6themforafieldofworkratherthanforasingle7.Unfortunatelymanyyoungpeoplehavetomakecareerplans8benefitofhelpfromacompetentvocationalcounselororpsychologist.Knowing9abouttheoccupationalworld,orthemselvesforthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss10.Somedriftfromjobtojob.Other11toworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.
Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationfor12realorimaginedprestige.Toomanyhigh-schoolstudents—ortheirparentsforthem—choosetheprofessionalfield.13boththerelativelysmallproportionofworkersintheprofessionsandtheextremelyhigheducationalandpersonal14.Theimaginedorrealprestigeofaprofessionora‘white-collar’jobis15goodreasonforchoosingitasalife’swork.16,theseoccupationsarenotalwayswellpaid.Sincealargeproportionofjobsareinmechanicalandmanualwork,the17ofyoungpeopleshouldgiveserious18tothesefields.
Beforemakinganoccupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathewants19lifeandhowhardheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somepeopledesiresocialprestige,othersintellectualsatisfaction.Somewantsecurity,otherarewillingtotake20forfinancialgain.Eachoccupationalchoicehasitsdemandsaswellasitsrewards.
1.A.identificationB.entertainmentC.occupationD.accommodation
2.A.thereforeB.howeverC.thoughD.thereby
3.A.entirelyB.mainlyC.largelyD.partly
4.A.itsB.hisC.theirD.our
5.A.thereforeB.sinceC.furthermoreD.forever
6.A.fitB.makeC.takeD.leave
7.A.wayB.jobC.meansD.company
8.A.toB.forC.withD.without
9.A.fewB.littleC.muchD.alot
10.A.basisB.chanceC.purposeD.opportunity
11.A.applyB.appealC.turnD.stick
12.A.itsB.ourC.yourD.their
13.A.concerningB.followingC.disregardingD.considering
14.A.requirementsB.preferencesC.tendenciesD.ambitions
15.A.aB.anyC.theD.no
16.A.ThereforeB.HoweverC.MoreoverD.Nevertheless
17.A.massB.majorityC.minorityD.multitude
18.A.proposalB.suggestionC.appraisalD.consideration
19.A.towardsB.againstC.withoutD.outof
20.A.turnsB.partsC.risksD.choices
Section2:
ReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)
Text1
Itmayhaveoccurredtoyoutowonderwhythesupermarketsareallthesame.Theanswerismoresinister(不幸)thandepressing.Itisnotbecausethecompaniesthatoperatethemlackimagination.Itisbecausetheyareallinstructedinthescienceofpersuadingpeopletobuythings—asciencethat,thankstotechnologicaladvances,isbeginningtounlocktheinnermostsecretsoftheconsumer’smind.
IntheSainsbury’sinHatchWarren,Basingstoke,south-westofLondon,ittakesawhileforthemindtogetintoashoppingmode.Thisiswhytheareaimmediatelyinsidetheentranceofasupermarketisknownasthe“decompressionzone”.Peopleneedtoslowdownandtakestockofthesurroundings,eveniftheyareregulars.Insalestermsthisareaisabitofaloss,soittendstobeusedmoreforpromotion.Eventhemulti-packsofbeerpiledupherearedesignedmoretohintatbargainswithinthantobelugged(抱住)roundtheaisles.Wal-Mart,theworld’sbiggestretailer,famouslyemploys“greeters”attheentrancetoitsstores.Whetherornottheyboostsales,afriendlywelcomeissaidtocutshoplifting.Itishardertostealfromnicepeople.
ImmediatelytotheleftinSainsbury’sisanotherfamiliarsight:
a“chillzone”forbrowsingmagazines,booksandDVDs,temptingimpromptupurchasesandslowingcustomersdown.Butthoseonaseriousmissionwillkeepwalkingahead—andthefirstthingtheycometoisthefreshfruitandvegetablessection.
Forshoppers,thismakesnosense.Shoppersalreadyknowthateverydayitems,likemilk,areinvariablyplacedtowardsthebackofastoretoprovidemoreopportunitytotemptcustomers.Thisiswhypharmaciesaregenerallyattherear,evenin“convenience”stores.Butsupermarketsknowshoppersknowthis,sotheyuseothertricks,likeplacingpopularitemshalfwayalongasectionsothatpeoplehavetowalkallalongtheaislelookingforthem.Theideaistoboost“dwelltime”:
thelengthoftimepeoplespendinastore.
21.Whatmakeseverysupermarketlookjustthesameaseveryotherone?
A.Theimaginationofcompaniesrunningthesupermarkets.
B.Thescienceofpersuadingpeopletogotothesupermarket.
C.Thearrangementsofgoodsdisplayondifferentaisles.
D.Thefindingsinthestudyofhowconsumers’mindsworkwhileshopping.
22.Whyistheentranceofasupermarketcalledthe“decompressionzone”?
A.Becausepeopleneedtimetoobservethesurroundings.
B.Becausepeoplehavetoprepareforshopping.
C.Becausepeopleneedtimetoreducetheirpressure.
D.Becausepeoplehavetogetusedtothelocation.
23.Thesupermarketputsmulti-packsofbeersintheentranceareato______.
A.promoteacertainbrandofbeer
B.makeitconvenientfortheshopperstocarryaround
C.showtheshoppersthattherearemoregoodbuysinside
D.indicatethatthestorehasenoughstockofbeer
24.Themagazines,booksandDVDstotheleftoftheentranceserveto______.
A.sellthelatestpublicationsandmovies
B.maketheshopperswalkslowlyandlookaround
C.providemoreopportunitiestotempttheshoppers
D.entertaintheshoppersbeforetheystartshopping
25.Whatisthepurposeofplacingsomepopularitemshalfwayalongtheaisle?
A.Tomakeitdifficultfortheshopperstofind.
B.Tomaketheshoppersstaylongerinthestore.
C.Togiveroomtoeverydayitems.
D.Toplay‘hideandseek’withshoppers.
Text2
Inscience,atheoryisareasonableexplanationofobservedeventsthatarerelated.Atheoryofteninvolvesanimaginarymodelthathelpsscientistspicturethewayanobservedeventcouldbeproduced.Agoodexampleofthisisfoundinthekineticmoleculartheory,inwhichgasesarepicturedasbeingmadeupofmanysmallparticlesthatareinconstantmotion.
Ausefultheory,inadditiontoexplainingpastobservations,helpstopredicteventsthathavenotasyetbeenobserved.Afteratheoryhasbeenpublicized,scientistsdesignexperimentstotestthetheory.Ifobservationsconfirmthescientists’predictions,thetheoryissupported.Ifobservationsdonotconfirmthepredictions,thescientistsmustsearchfurther.Theremaybeafaultintheexperiment,orthetheorymayhavetoberevisedorrejected.
Scienceinvolvesimaginationandcreativethinkingaswellascollectinginformationandperformingexperiments.Factsbythemselvesarenotscience.AsthemathematicianJulesHenriPoincaresaid:
“Scienceisbuiltwithfactsjustasahouseisbuiltwithbricks,butacollectionoffactscannotbecalledscienceanymorethanapileofbrickscanbecalledahouse.”
Mostscientistsstartaninvestigationbyfindingoutwhatotherscientistshavelearnedaboutaparticularproblem.Afterknownfactshavebeengathered,thescientistcomestothepartoftheinvestigationthatrequiresconsiderableimagination.Possiblesolutionstotheproblemareformulated.Thesepossiblesolutionsarecalledhypotheses.
Inaway,anyhypothesisisaleapintotheunknown.Itextendsthescientist’sthinkingbeyondtheknownfacts.Thescientistplansexperiments,performscalculations,andmakesobservationstotesthypotheses.Forwithouthypotheses,furtherinvestigationlackspurposeanddirection.Whenhypothesesareconfirmed,theyareincorporatedintotheories.
26.“Bricks”arementionedinParagraph3toindicatehow______.
A.mathematiciansapproachscience
B.buildingahouseislikeperformingexperiments
C.scienceismorethanacollectionoffacts
D.scientificexperimentshaveledtoimprovedtechnology
27.Inthefourthparagraph,theauthorimpliesthatimaginationismostimportanttoscientistswhenthey______.
A.evaluatepreviousworkonaproblem
B.formulatepossiblesolutionstoaproblem
C.gatherknownfacts
D.closeaninvestigation
28.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorreferstohypothesisas“aleapintotheunknown”inordertoshowthathypotheses______.
A.aresometimesill-conceived
B.canleadtodangerousresults
C.gobeyondavailablefacts
D.requireefforttoformulate
29.Inthelastparagraph,whatdoestheauthorimplyisamajorfunctionofhypotheses?
A.Siftingthroughknownfacts.
B.Communicatingascientist’sthoughtstoothers.
C.Providingdirectionforscientificresearch.
D.Linkingtogetherdifferenttheories.
30.Whichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?
A.Theoriesaresimplyimaginarymodelsofpastevents.
B.Itisbettertoreviseahypothesisthantorejectit.
C.Ascientist’smostdifficulttaskistestinghypotheses.
D.Agoodscientistneedstobecreative.
Text3
Icanthinkofnobettercareerforayoungnovelistthantobeforsomeyearsasub-editoronaratherconservative
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