完整版初中定语从句公开课导学案.docx
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完整版初中定语从句公开课导学案.docx
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完整版初中定语从句公开课导学案
英语定语从句
一.定语从句的理解:
定语概念:
_____________________________________________________________________
划出下列定语
atallbuildingthebookonthedeskanythingimportantthegirlinred
如果定语_______________,便称为定语从句。
Iknowthegirl.Thegirlisinred.(两个简单句)→Iknowthegirlwhoisinred.
(定语从句)被修饰的词是_______________。
这个词就称为先行词。
其中连接两个句子的是______________,称为关系词。
关系词在从句中指代先行词,并在从句中充当一定的成分,观察上句,关系词在从句中充当________________。
附:
关系词与先行词的关系:
关系词和先行词密切相关,因为关系词用来指代先行词,并且在从句中充当一定的成分。
定语从句中常用的关系词有:
关系代词________________________________________________________________
关系代词在从句中可充当___________,_____________或_____________;
关系副词_________(表示时间)_________(表示地点)_________(表示原因)
关系副词在从句中充当状语。
结论:
关系词常有三个作用:
1、_________2、_________3、_________
二.按关系词种类学习
(一)关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词一览表
关系词
所做成分
例句
练习一
1.Thisistheman________helpedme.
2.Thedoctor________youarelookingforisintheroom..
5.Thebuilding_________standsneartheriverisourschool.
6.Thisisthebook___________youwant.
7.Theroomin__________thereisamachineisaworkshop.
8.Thisistheboy_________brokethewindow.
9.Theletter_________Ireceivedwasfrommyfather.
练习二
Whose的用法
3.Doyouknowtheman________nameisWangYu?
4.Doyouseethehouse________windowsareallbroken?
1.I’vegotacat_______hairisyellow
2..HeismyEnglishteacher.Hissonisourclassmate
___________________________________________________________
练习三
1.Theboyswhofootballarefromthecountry.
A.areplayingBisplayingCplaysDtoplay
2.Atlast,themanhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.
AwhichBwhatCthatDwho
3.ThisisthemostinterestingjourneyIhaveeverheardof.
A.whichBwhoCthatDwhom
4.Heisasingerwhohisownlyrics.
AwriteBwritesC.writingDtowrite
5.Thisistheboybrokemywindow.
A.whichBwhatCwhoDwhom
注:
that的用法
(1)只能用that而不用which作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a)在不定代词,如:
anything,nothing,all等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?
Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.
Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.
(b)先行词有theonly,thevery,thelast,just修饰时,只用that。
ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.这正是我想买的字典。
c)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that,不能用which。
.
Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.这是我读过的最好的书。
(d)先行词既有人,又有物时。
IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.
(e)当主句以Therebe…结构开头时,或关系代词在therebe…结构中作实义主语,先行项为物
Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.Therearetwobooksonhistorythatareforyou.
(f)主句的主语是疑问词who/which时
Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?
正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
Whothatbreakthewindowshouldbepunished.谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.
(2)不用that的情况
(a)在引导非限定性定语从句时。
Thenecklace,whichyougavemeasapresent,waslostyesterday.
Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.
(错)Thetree,thatisfourhundredyearsold,isveryfamoushere.
(b)介词后不能用。
Wedependonthelandfromwhichwegetourfood.
Wedependonthelandthat/whichwegetourfoodfrom.
(二)关系副词引导的定语从句
关系词
所做成分
例句
基本用法
关系副词起连接主句和从句的作用,又在从句中作状语,when,where和why分别表示时间,地点和原因。
1.when
在从句中作时间状语。
常用onwhich,inwhich,atwhich,duringwhich等代替。
e.g.Aprilthefirstisthedaywhenpeoplemakefunofothers.
=Aprilthefirstistheday_____________peoplemakefunofothers.
2.where
在从句中作地点状语。
常可由inwhich,onwhich,atwhich,onwhich等取代。
e.g.Thisisthehousewherehelivedtwoyearsago.
=Thisisthehouse____________helivedtwoyearsago.
3.why
why在定语从句中作原因状语。
可用forwhich代替。
why不可引导非限定性定语从句,此时可用forwhich代替。
e.g.Thisisthereasonwhyhewentaway.
=Thisisthereason____________hewentaway.
(二)关系副词常可用“介词+关系代词”的结构改写
这里的关系代词只限于which和whom,例如
1IwillneverforgetthenightwhenImetyouforthefirsttime.
=Iwillneverforgetthenight____________Imetyouforthefirsttime.
2ThisisthehouseinwhichIlivedtwoyearsago.
=Thisisthehouse____________Ilivedtwoyearsago.
3Wedon’tknowthereasonforwhichhesuddenlyfellill.
=Wedon’tknowthereason____________hesuddenlyfellill.
注意:
并不是所有的介词+关系代词的结构都可用关系副词替代。
e.g.Iamveryimpressedbythewayinwhichheworks.
这里inwhich代表的是intheway,在句中作方式状语。
只有当介词+关系代词结构作表示时间、地点和原因的状语时,才能相应地用when,where和why代替。
(三)如何判断是用关系代词还是关系副词
这本质上取决于关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中充当的成分。
前者充当主语、宾语、表语或定语,后者充当状语。
试比较下面两组句子:
1Thisisthefactorythat/whichproducesradios.
Thisisthefactorywhereradiosareproduced.
第一句中划线部分在从句中作____________语,故而应选用关系代词:
Thefactoryproducesradios.
而第二句中划线部分在从句中作____________语故而应选用关系副词:
Radiosareproducedinthefactory.
2Doyourememberthedays(that)wespenttogether?
Doyourememberthedayswhenweworkedtogether?
第一句中关系代词在从句中作宾语:
Wespentthedaystogether.
而第二句中关系副词作时间状语:
Weworkedtogetherduringthedays.
四、判断关系代词与关系副词的方法:
1.用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后面没有宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
判断下列句子的对错
()ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
()IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.
()Thisisthemountainvillage(which)Ivisitedlastyear.
()I'llneverforgetthedays(which)Ispentinthecountryside.
2.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也就能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1.Isthismuseum___youvisitedafewdaysage?
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
例2.Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld.
A.where B.that C.onwhich D.theone
三.使用定语从句需要注意的问题:
(1)关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词常省去。
如:
Theplay(which)IwatchedjustnowhadbeenontwiceonChannel
(2)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。
如:
Thisisthehouse(that/which)welivedinlastyear.
=Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.
Pleasetellmetheperson(who/whom)youborrowedtheEnglishnovelfrom.
=PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.
三、跟踪练习
(一)用关系代词或关系副词将下列每组两个简单句合成一个复合句。
1.Theboyismyyoungerbrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
2.Theoldmanisaprofessor.Hewillgiveusatalktomorrow.
3.BeijingHotelisnearTianAnMenSquare.Theforeignvisitorslivethere.
4.Thewomanisherenow.Youweretalkingabouther.
5.Thisisthehall.Welistenedtothereportinittheotherday.
6.Thecarwasgoing90milesanhour.Thecarjustpassedus.
7.Themanwasmyuncle.Themanwavedtous.
8.Ienjoyedreadingthebook.Yougavemethebooklastweek.
9.Ipreferthesubject.Thesubjectisscience.
10.Ispoketotheman.Themanisaprofessor.
(二)用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1.Thehouse_______weliveinisverybig.
2.Theboy______iswearingtheblackjacketisveryclever.
3.Thisisthepresent_____hegavemeformybirthday.
4.Theman_______talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.
5.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.
6.Thereisnothingintheworld_______canfrightenhim.
7.Shewearsagoldring,_______isveryuncommoninourclass.
8.Wevisitedafactory_______makestoysforchildren.
9.Isthistheplace_______yourfatheroncelived?
10.I’llneverforgetthedays_______IjoinedtheLeague.
11.Helikestoreadbooks________arewrittenbyforeignwriters.
12.Those______wanttogotothemuseummustbeattheschoolgateat7tomorrow.
13.Theprofessor________youarewaitingforhascome.
14.Footballisagame_______islikedbymostboys.
15.We’llgotohearthefamoussinger_______wehaveoftentalked.
16.Theseason_________comesafterspringissummer.
三)单项填空基础选择
1.—Whoistheman______wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?
—Oh!
It’sMr.Baker,ourmathteacher.
A.heB.thatC.whomD.which
2.Ihatethepeople______don’thelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
A.whoB.whichC.theyD.where
3.Theforeigner_______visitedourschoolisfromCanada.
A.whichB.whenC.whoD.whom
4.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacher_______lovedclimbing.
A.whoB.whomC.heD.which
5.Thisistheplace_______Ihaveevervisited.
A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which
6.Nobodyknowsthereason______shedidn’tcometothemeeting.
A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when
7.Themoonisaworld______thereisnolife.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why
8.Hehasforgottentheday_______hearrived.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
9.Hestillremembersthedays______hespentwithyourfamily.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich
10.Mr.White,______carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.
A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which
能力提高:
1.Canyoumakethee-mailmorebeautiful?
DearEden,
Howareyou?
Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.Halfayearago,youwentbacktoHawaiiandwe
boughtanewflat.We’vejustmovedintoit.Itcostusover1.5millionyuan.Anditisonthefifthfloorofatallbuilding.ThisbuildingliesnearthePearlRiver.ThePearlRiveriscalledourmotherriver.IhavemyownroomandIlikeit.Itswindowfacestothegarden.Inthegarden,therearesomanybeautifulandstrangeplants.Idon’tknowanythingaboutthem.HowIhopeyoucancomeandvisitmyflat.I’m
lookingforwardtoyourcoming.
Bestwishes.
Yours
Lucy
DearEden,
Howareyou?
Ihavegoodnewstotellyou.We’vejustmovedintothenewflat1______________________________________________________.Weboughtitatthetime2_______________________________________________________.Anditisonthefifthfloorofatallbuilding3________________________________________________.Ilikemy
room4_______________________________________________________.Inthegarden,
therearesomanybeautifulandstrangeplants5_________________________________
HowIhopeyoucancomeandvisitmyflat.I’m
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