三一七级口语考试话题示例.docx
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三一七级口语考试话题示例.docx
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三一七级口语考试话题示例
TraditionalChinesemedicineTheABCofChineseMedicineTheory
TraditionalChinesemedicineisarangeoftraditionalmedicalpracticesusedinChinathatdevelopedoverseveralthousandyears.Thesepracticesincludeherbalmedicine,acupuncture,andmassage.TCMsaysprocessesofthehumanbodyareinterrelatedandconstantlyinteractwiththeenvironment.Thereforethetheorylooksforthesignsofdisharmonyintheexternalandinternalenvironmentofapersoninordertounderstand,treatandpreventillnessanddisease.TCMtheoryisbasedonanumberofphilosophicalframeworks.Diagnosisandtreatmentareconductedwithreferencetotheseconcepts.
ThebasictheoryoftheChinesemedicineattemptstoexplainthenatureoflifecycleanddiseasechanges.Itincludesfivetheories:
YinandYang.thefive-elements.howtodirectone`sstrength.internalorgansofthebody.andchannels.Italsoresearchesdialectics.explanationswhydiseasesoccur.howtodiagnoseandpreventdiseases.aswellashowtokeepthebodyhealthy.
TheconceptofYinandYangderivedfromanancientphilosophicalconcept.Afterobservingthephenomenon.ancientpeoplegroupedallconflictingideasintoYinandYang.Theyusedthisconcepttoexplainhowthingschanged.ChinesemedicineusedYinandYangtoillustratethecomplicatedrelationshipbetweenvariousthingssuchasthedifferentpartsofthehumanbodyandlivingthingsvs.natureorsociety.ItwasbelievedthattherelativebalanceofYinandYangservedasthebasistomaintainthenormalactivitiesofthehumanbody.Ifsuchabalancewasdisturbed.diseasesoccurred.thusaffectingpeople`shealth.
Thetheoryofdirectingone`sstrengthfocusedonhowvariouscomponentssuchasastronomy.meteorologicalphenomenaandclimatewouldaffecthealth.Thistheoryconsistedoftwoparts.fivestrengthsandsixclimaticfactors.Thefivestrengths.namelythestrengthsofmetal.wood.water.fireandearth.refertothedifferentseasonsoftheyearsuchasspring.summer.longsummer.autumnandwinter.Peopleregardedwind.coldness.summer.rawness.drynessandfireasthesixelementsoftheclimate.Thistheorytriedtopredictclimaticchangeandhowdiseaseoccurredbyparametersinastronomy.
Chinawasoneoffirstcountriestohaveamedicalculture.IncomparisonwithWesternmedicine.theChinesemethodtakesafardifferentapproach.Withahistoryof5.000years.ithasformedadeepandimmenseknowledgeofmedicalscience.theory.diagnosticmethods.prescriptionsandcures.
ThebasicprinciplesofChinesemedicineareratherdistinctive:
Whentreatingadisease.doctorsoftraditionalChinesemedicineusuallyfindthepatient`sconditionthroughthesefourdiagnosticmethods:
observation.auscultationandolfaction.interrogation.pulse.andpalpation.Combiningthecollectedfactsandaccordingtotheirinternalrelations.doctorswillutilizethedialecticstoanalyzethesourceandvirtueofthedisease.Thenmakesurewhatprescriptionshouldbegiven.IntraditionalChinesemedicalscience.thedrugsarealsodifferentfromtheWest.becausedoctorshavediscoveredthemedicinaleffectsofthousandofherbsoveralongperiodoftime.Beforetakingthemedicine.thepatientwillhavetoboilit.Thenthereisthedistinctivemethodofpreparation.associatedwiththeacupunctureandmassage.thetreatmentwilltakeeffectmagically.
RelativeProperties-YinandYang
ThePhysiologyofChinesemedicineholdsthatthehumanbody`slifeistheresultofthebalanceofyinandyang.Yinistheinnerandnegativeprinciples.andyang.outerandpositive.Thekeyreasonwhythereissicknessisbecausethetwoaspectslosetheirharmony.Seenfromtherecoverymechanismˈmekənizəm]oforgans.yangfunctionstoprotectfromouterharm.andyinistheinnerbasetostoreandprovideenergyforitscounterpart.
BasicSubstance
DoctorsofChinesemedicinebelievethatvitalenergy-movingandenergeticparticles.stateofblood.andbodyfluidaretheessentialsubstancesthatcomposetogethertoformthehumanbody.andthebasisforinternalorganstoprocess.Theyarechanneledalonganetworkwithinthebody-JingLuoastheirchannels.Onthephysicalside.vitalenergyservingtopromoteandwarmbelongstothepropertiesofyang.andbloodandbodyfluidtomoistenpossessesthepropertiesofyin.
FourMethodsofDiagnosis
ItisawonderthatChinesedoctorscouldcurecountlesspatientswithoutanyassistantapparatusbutonlyaphysicalexamination.Thefourmethodsofdiagnosisconsistofobservation.auscultationandolfaction.interrogation.pulsetakingandpalpation.
Observationindicatesthatdoctorsdirectlywatchtheoutwardappearancetoknowapatient`scondition.Astheexteriorandinteriorcorrespondsimmediately.whentheinnerorgansrunwrongly.itwillbereflectedthroughskinpallor.tongue.thefacialsensoryorgansandsomeexcrement.
Auscultationandolfactionisawayfordoctorstocollectmessagesthroughhearingthesoundandsmellingtheodor.Thisisanotherreferencefordiagnosis.
Interrogationsuggeststhatdoctorsquestionthepatientandhisrelatives.soastoknowthesymptoms.evolutionofthediseaseandprevioustreatments.
ThetakingofthePulseandpalpationreferthatdoctorsnotingthepulseconditionofpatientsontheradialartery.andthentoknowtheinnerchangeofsymptom.Doctorsbelievethatwhentheorganicfunctionisnormal.thepulse.frequency.andintensionofpulsewillberelativelystable.andwhennot.variant.
SuchacomplicatedmedicalsciencehadcomedownthankstorecordslikeTheYellowEmperor`sCanonofInteriorMedicine.ShenNong`sCanonofHerbs.andtheCompendiumofMateriaMedica.whichareallcomprehensiveandprofoundworks.Therearealsowide-spreadstoriespraisingtheexperiencedandnotabledoctorsinancientChinalikeHuaTuointheThreeKingdomsPeriods(220-280).Today.thoughwesternmedicinehasbeenadopted.traditionaltreatmentsarestillplayinganimportantroleandhaveraisedgreatattentionandinterestworldwideduetotheamazingcurativeeffectsreported.
TheWuXing(ortheFiveMovements,FivePhasesorFiveSteps/Stages,arechieflyanancientmnemonicdevice,inmanytraditionalChinesefields.
ItissometimestranslatedasFiveElements,buttheWuXingarechieflyanancientmnemonicdevice,hencethepreferredtranslationof"movements","phases"or"steps"over"elements".Bythesametoken,Muisthoughtofas"Tree"ratherthan"Wood".[1]
Thefiveelementsare:
∙Wood(Chinese:
木,pinyin:
mù)
∙Fire(Chinese:
火,pinyin:
huǒ)
∙Earth(Chinese:
土,pinyin:
tǔ)
∙Metal(Chinese:
金,pinyin:
jīn)
∙Water(Chinese:
水,pinyin:
shuǐ)
Thesystemoffivephaseswasusedfordescribinginteractionsandrelationshipsbetweenphenomena.ItwasemployedasadeviceinmanyfieldsofearlyChinesethought,includingseeminglydisparatefieldssuchasgeomancyorFengshui,astrology,traditionalChinesemedicine,music,militarystrategyandmartialarts.
Thesystemisstillusedasareferenceinsomeformsofcomplementaryandalternativemedicineandmartialarts.SomeclaimtheoriginalfoundationofthesearetheconceptoftheFiveCardinalPoints
Cycles
TheInteractionsofWuXing:
Thecreationcycle(black,pentagonshapedlines)andtheovercomingcycle(purple,starshapedlines).
Thedoctrineoffivephasesdescribestwocycles,ageneratingorcreation(生,shēng)cycle,alsoknownas"mother-son",andanovercomingordestruction(克/剋,kè)cycle,alsoknownas"grandfather-nephew",ofinteractionsbetweenthephases.
[edit]Generating
Thecommonmemoryjogs,whichhelptoremindinwhatorderthephasesare,are:
∙WoodfeedsFire;
∙Firecreates/producesEarth(ash);
∙EarthbearsMetal;
∙MetalcarriesWater(asinabucketortap,orwatercondensesonmetal);
∙WaternourishesWood.
Othercommonwordsforthiscycleinclude"begets","engenders"and"mothers."
[edit]Overcoming
∙WoodpartsEarth(suchasroots)(orTreescanpreventsoilerosion);
∙Earthabsorbs(ormuddies)Water(orEarthdamcontrolthewater);
∙WaterquenchesFire;
∙FiremeltsMetal;
∙MetalchopsWood.
Also:
∙WoodabsorbsWater;
∙WaterrustsMetal;
∙MetalbreaksupEarth;
∙EarthsmothersFire;
∙FireburnsWood.
Thiscyclemightalsobecalled"controls","restrains"or"fathers".
Education
1、Wheredidyougotocollege?
IwenttoBeijingInstituteofEducation.
2、Didyourfamilyhaveanyinfluenceonyourchoiceofcollege?
Myparentsjustgavemeseveralsuggestions,actuallyImadethedecisionmyself.TheywereverygladtoseethatIwasconfidentenoughtomakemyowndecisionsandagreedwithwhatIdecided.
3、Whatwasyourmajor?
ImajoredinEducationofEnglish(Ispecializedin)
4、WhatmadeyoutochooseEnglishasyourmajor?
Didyoufeelyoumadetherightchoice?
IalwaysknewthatEnglishwaswhereIhadthemostpotential,youknowitisnotsoeasytoknowwhenapersonisjust18,butIamlucky.Iamverygladtosetupmygoalsataquiteyoungage.Itturnedouttobearightchoice.
5、Namethreepracticalskillsyoulearnedinschoolthatcouldbeusedforthecurrentjob.
Typing,photocopyingandwordediting.ThesethreeskillsareveryusefulinmyworkasanEnglishteacher.NearlyeverydayIhavetotypeandcopyalotofmaterialsforthestudents.Todoallthesebymyselfisreallyveryhelpfulformyjob.
Yes,Ididatthattime.IleanedalotincollegeandIhavealwaysbeenawareoftheimportanceandvalueofeducation.Tomyconsolation,Istartedoutinoneparticularareaandswitchedtoanotherlateron.IthasenhancedmycapabilitytobecreativeandinitiativeforIhavelearneddifferentapproachesto
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