动词不定式.docx
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动词不定式.docx
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动词不定式
学员:
年级:
辅导科目:
教师:
第课时联系方式:
课题
不定式
授课时间
120分钟
备课时间
360分钟
教学目标
1、掌握不定式做状语,表示将来的用法
2、掌握动名词时态和语态
3、掌握不定式做宾补和分词、动名词做宾补的区别
4、掌握不定式表示目的和将来状语与分词做伴随、结果状语的区别
重点难点
5、掌握动名词时态和语态
1、掌握不定式做宾补和分词、动名词做宾补的区别
2、掌握不定式表示目的和将来状语与分词做伴随、结果状语的区别
考点要求
1、考查不定式做状语,表示将来的用法
2、考查不定式做宾补和分词、动名词做宾补的区别
3、考查不定式表示目的和将来状语与分词做伴随、结果状语的区别
4、考查不定式的完成式、进行式和被动的用法
教学内容
动词不定式(todo)
一、基础知识清单
不定式有俩种表现方式,一种是带to的不定式,一种是省略to的不定式。
不定式不能做谓语,但它具有动词的一些特征,如可以带有自己的宾语、状语、及逻辑主语等。
它没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
二、考点分类剖析
考点一:
动词不定式的时态
1)一般式(todo):
表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或在其后后发生,如:
E.g.Iwanttohaveaholidayassoonaspossible.
Heseemstoknowthesecret.
2)完成式(tohavedone):
表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前就发生了
E.g.Iamsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.
3)进行式(tobedoing):
表示或者强调其动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生
E.g.Thiscityseemstobegettingmoreandmorecrowded.
4)完成进行式(tohavebeendoing):
表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已经发生,并仍在进行,而且还可能继续下去
E.g.TomseemstohavebeenwatchingTVforalongtime.
考点二:
动词不定式的语态
1)当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动形式(tobedone)
E.g.Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.
2)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式逻辑上构成主谓关系时,不定式用主动形式,如:
E.g.Haveyougotakeytounlockthedoor?
3)不定式前面的名词或代词与不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系,但又与该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系的时候,不定式常用主动形式,如:
E.g.Ihavegotalettertowrite.
Heneedsaroomtolivein.
4)不定式作表语形容词的状语,和句子中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式多用主动形式,如
E.g.Thebookisdifficultforustounderstand.
5)如果强调句中动作的承受者时,亦可用不定式的被动式,上面的句子可以写成:
E.g.Thebookisdifficultforustobeunderstood.
考点三:
动词不定式的句法功能
由于动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,所以动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。
1)作主语
E.g.Toaskhimforhelpisnecessary.
Toignorethismighthaveseriousconsequences.
注意:
动词不定式做主语时,常用it来作形式主语,把真正的不定式或不定式短语放在后面,如:
E.g.Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.
=Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithhim.
E.g.Herwishistobecomeapopstar.
Shedoesnotseemtoliketheidea.
2)作宾语
1 常用动词不定式作宾语的有:
want、hope、wish、offer、fail、plan、learn、pretend、refuse、manage、help、agree、promise、prefer、afford、ask、decide、except、intendetc.
E.g.oumustlearntolookafteryourself.
2 若不定式后面有宾语补足语,则用it来作形式宾语,把真正的宾语放在补足语的后面,如:
E.g.Ifindtoworkwithhiminteresting.
3)作定语
1 不定式作定语的时候,须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面;不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关系;如果这个不定式是不及物的,它后面必须要有介词.
E.g.Thereisnothingtothinkabout.
Wemustfindaroomtolivein.
2 不定式用来修饰已经被序数词、最高级或no、all、any等限定的中心词,且与中心词为主动关系
E.g.Hewasthebestmantodothejob.
Shewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedal.
=Ifinditinterestingtoworkwithhim.
4)作宾补
1 动词不定式在feel、hear、see、watch、notice、observe等感官动词以及have、let、make等使役性动词后面作宾语补足语时,不定式符号要省略;但若是这些句子变成被动语态结构时,就必须带to,如:
E.g.Isawhimcrossthestreet.
Hewasseentocrossthestreet.
2 不定式可以和名词或代词构成复合宾语(即“宾语+宾补”结构);常跟不定式作宾补的动词有:
ask、tell、invite、get、advise、allow、want、permit、warn、encourage、prefer、expect、order、wish等;而且有些动词常跟“tobe+形容词”构成的复合结构,如think,consider,imagine,prove,understand,find,know,suppose等,如:
E.g.Thedoctoradvisedhimtohaveagoodrest.
Weprovedthefactstobecorrect.
5)作状语
1 作目的状语
E.g.Igotupearlyinordertocatchupthefirstbus.
2 在某些形容词后面作状语
E.g.Iamgladtoseeyouagain./Nicetomeetyou.
3 作结果状语
✓…onlyto表示出乎意料的结果
E.g.Ihurriedtothepostoffice,onlytofinditclosed.
✓Too…to…太……而不能……
E.g.Thegirlistooyoungtodresshimself
✓当too前有only修饰时,即“onlytoo…to…”,表肯定意义
E.g.Iamonlytoopleasedtohelpyou.
✓当too…to…前有表示否定意义的词的时候,表肯定意义
E.g.Wearenevertoooldtolearn.
考点四:
“疑问词+不定式”结构
1)疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how等后面加上不定式,构成具有名词作用的短语,可以用作主语,表语和宾语等。
2)在tell,know,advise,teach,findout,decide,discuss等动词后常用“疑问词+不定式”这一结构
E.g.Whentostarthasnotbeendecided.(作主语)
Thequestionishowtoputtheplanintopractice.(作宾语)
Noonecouldtellmewheretofindthebook.(作宾语)
考点五:
动词不定式省略to的特殊形式
1)动词不定式在but、otherthan后面的时候,如果but和otherthan前面行为动词do的某种形式的话,那么其后的不定式要省略to(否则要带to)
E.g.Hecandonothingbut/otherthanwait.
Hehadnochoicebuttowait.
2)在cannotchoosebut、cannothelpbut(只好)、cannotbut(只好)、hadbetter、wouldrather等后面的不定式也要省略to
E.g.Icannotbutagreetohisterms.
Iwouldratherstaythandoanythingelse.
三、基础夯实训练
1.—wouldyouallowmehere?
—sorry.wedon’tpermitinthelab.
A.smoking;smokingB.tosmoke;tosmoke
C.Smoking;tosmokeD.tosmoke;smoking
2.Hewasjustabouttositdownwhenheleftsomething________nearhisfeet.
A.BeingmovedB.movingC.tomoveD.moved
3.__________mypointIhavedoneacomparativeanalysis.
A.ToillustrateB.IllustratingC.illustratedD.Illustrate
4.Withtheoilpricerising,thesedayspeoplearetryingtostayclosetohome________savemoneyongas.
A.helpB.helpedC.helpingD.tohelp
5.Itdoesn’tmatterwhatstyleisinfashionthisyear.It’suptoyoutodecidewhat_____.
A.TobewornB.TowearC.tobewearingD.Tobeingworn
6.Somecoursesaredesigned__________studentsforacareerinradioormagazinesinthisuniversity.
A.EquippingB.EquippedC.EquipD.toequip
四、能力拔高训练
7.I’vgotsomanyproblems_________todaythatI’mafraidIwon’thavetimetohavelunch.
A.tohandleB.handleC.handlingD.handled
8.Iforgot__________theclock,soIgotuplatethismorning.
A.tosetupB.settingupC.setupD.havingsetup
9.Theshortmanstoodonawoodenbox_________whatwashappeninginsidethehousemoreclearly.
A.SeeingB.SeenC.seeD.tosee
10.Catherineintendedtomakefunofothers,only___________.
A.FoolingB.BeingfooledC.tobefooledD.tofool
11.Asoureatinghabitschanging,choosingwhat_________isnolongeraseasyasitoncewas.
A.eatB.eatenC.toeatD.tobeeating
12.ThelittlegirlshowednoanxietybeforethecompetitionSheseemed________foritprettywell.
A.toprepareB.TohavepreparedC.HavingpreparedD.preparing
13.It’sdifficult________themold.Weneedcourage.
A.tobreakB.breakingC.brokeD.broken
五、高考/中考链接
14.Theoldmansatinfrontofthetelevisioneveryevening,happy_________anythingthathappenedtobeon.
A.towatchB.watchingC.watchedD.tohavewatched
15.Iremembered_________thedoorbeforeIlefttheoffice,butforgottoturnoffthelights.
A.lockingB.tolockC.havinglockedD.tohavelocked
16.Ifhetakesonthiswork,hewillhavenochoicebut________anevengreaterchallenge.
A.meetsB.meetingC.meetD.tomeet
17.We’vehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneeds_________toachievethefinalsuccess.
A.beingdoneB.doC.tobedoneD.todo
18.Thismachineisveryeasy_________.Anybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.
A.operatingB.tobeoperatingC.operatedD.tooperate
19.Tomtookataxitotheairport,only_____hisplanehighupinthesky.
A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound
20.Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbetter________silent.
A.remainB.beremainingC.havingremainedD.toremain
21.It’simportantforthefigures__________regularly.
A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated
22.Passengersarepermitted__________onlyonepieceofhandluggageontotheplane.
A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried
23.HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestars_________asacarpenterbefore.
A.toworkB.tobeworkingC.tohaveworkedD.tohavebeenworking
24.ThedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakestheiPad2morecomfortable__________.
A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold
25.Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_________intosmallpieces.
A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak
26.Simonmadeabigbamboobox________thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.
A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep
27.MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproducedpeople’sconcernoverfoodsafety.
A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised
28.Theability__________anideaisasimportantastheideaitself
AexpressingBexpressedCtoexpressDtobeexpressed
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