英语四级写作讲义.docx
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英语四级写作讲义.docx
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英语四级写作讲义
英文写作
I.信函及摘要(小作文)
1.信函写作规范
信函必须包含称呼、正文和落款三格基本要素。
(1)称呼:
称呼方式因是否与收信人相识而略有不同,如果对收信人不熟悉,称呼一般使用DearSir./Madam,;如果明确知道收信人,称呼一般用Dear+头衔、职位等,如DearProfessor,DearPresident,DearMr.Wang等;如果与收信人是朋友,称呼则可以使用Dear+名字,如DearDawei等。
称呼顶头写在左上角。
(2)正文:
正文应该包含目的、内容和致谢(期待)等三个基本要素,其各占一个段落。
第一段先写写信的目的(段首空三格),考友们可以牢记下面表达写信目的的句子,根据需要选择使用:
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofsubscribingto…我写此信是为了订购……。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofapplyingfor…我写此信是为了申请……。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofresigningfromthepresentpositionof…我写此信是为了辞去……职务。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofinquiringabout…我写此信是为了询问……。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofnotifyingyouof…我写此信是为了通知你……。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofexpressingmyappreciationtoyour…我写此信是为了感谢你……。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofmakingapologytoyouformy…我写此信是为了因为我的……向你致歉。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofexpressingmyopinionson…我写此信是为了表达我对……的看法(意见)。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofinvitingyouto…我写此信是为了邀请你去(参加)……。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofmakingacomplaintabout…我写此信是为了投诉……。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofcongratulatingyouforyour…我写此信是为了祝贺你……。
Iamwritingtheletterinpurposeofshowingmysympathyforyour…我写此信是为了向你表达我对你……的同情。
第二段写书信的内容(段首空三格)。
书信内容因写信目的而不同,这里无法给出统一的语句,考友们可以在备考过程中或者考前依照以上第一段表述各种不同目的句子的提示做相应的准备。
第三段写致谢(期待)的话语(段首空三格)。
考友们可以牢记下面表达致谢(期待)的句子,根据需要选择使用:
Iwillbeverygratefulifyoutakemyresignationseriouslyandfinallyapproveit.如果您能认真考虑并最终批准我的辞呈,我会不胜感谢。
Iwillbeverygratefulifyouspendyourtimetellingmesomethingabout…如果你能抽时间告知我一些关于……的事项,我会非常感谢。
Iwillbeverygratefulifyoutakemyapplicationseriouslyandoffermeaninterview.如果你认真考虑我的申请并给我面试的机会,我会非常感谢。
Iwillbeverygratefulifyoutakemyinvitationseriouslyandfinallyacceptit.如果你能认真考虑并接受我的邀请,我会非常感谢。
Iwillbeverygratefulifyouforgivemycarelessnessandignorance.如果您能原谅我的粗心,我会非常感谢。
IwillbeverygratefulifyouhavethegoodsIordereddeliveredpresently.如果你能很快发货给我,我会非常感谢。
Iwillbeverygratefulifyoucandealwithmycomplaintintheshortesttime.如果你能尽快解决我的投诉,我会非常感谢。
I’mlookingforwardtoyourreplypresently.期待很快收到你的回信。
(3)落款
落款是书信的最后一个要素,其位置因地域而有不同的习惯,我们建议落款写在中间靠左的位置。
落款一般使用Yourssincerely,或Yourstruly,+签名(签名在下一行)。
根据作文题的要求签名,不能用自己的姓名。
2.信函背诵范文
(1)辞职信1
DearMr.Wang,
Itwasverykindofyoutogivemethisopportunitytoworkasaneditor,butnowIamverysorrytosaythatIhavetoquitmypresentjob.
ThechiefreasonisthatIfindthejobisnotaschallengingasIhadexpected.Ihavebeenaskedtodothejobsofcheckingandproofreadinginsteadofaccomplishingcreativetaskssuchasinventingandformulating.Inaddition,thepayturnsouttobelowerwhatIhadanticipated.
Iamsurethatmyworkingexperienceherewillbenefitmeinmyfuturecareer.Idoapologizeforanyinconveniencebroughtaboutbymyresignation,andIwishyouallthebest.
Bestregards.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
(2)辞职信2
DearManager,
IregrettoinformyouthatIdecidedtoresignfrommypresentposition,effectivefromMarch1st.
ThreeyearsagoIwassoluckytogettheopportunitytoworkforourcompany.InourcompanyIhavelearnedalotandgotavaluableexperience,butIamkeenonpersonnelmanagementandIhavebeenofferedsuchanopportunityinHuangheCompany.
Ihopemyresignationwouldnotcauseyoumuchinconvenience.ThankyouforyourkindconsiderationandIwouldbegratefulifyoucouldletmehaveareferenceletterbeforeIleave.
Yoursfaithfully,
Liming
(3)感谢信
Dear President,
Iamwritingthisletterinpurposeofexpressingmyappreciationforyourhospitalityaccordedtomeandmydelegationduringourvisittoyourcompany.
Duringtheentirevisit,mydelegationandIwereoverwhelmedbytheenthusiasmexpressedbyyourbusinessrepresentatives.I sincerely hope we could have more exchanges likethis one sothat we couldbeabletofurtherourdiscussiontoexplorethefeasiblewaystoexpandourcooperation.
I am looking forward to your earlyvisit to ourcompany when I will be able to pay back thehospitalitywereceived.
With kind personal regards.
Faithfully yours,
Liming
(4)告知信
DearMr./Ms.,
ThisletterisintendedtoinformyouoftheopeningofBeijingBranchofourcompany.
Owingtothelargeincreaseinthevolumeofourtradewiththiscountry,wehavedecidedtoopenabranchinBeijing,withMr.WangLeiasmanager.Thenewbranchwillopenon1stMarchandfromthatdateonallordersandenquiriesshouldbesenttoMr.WangLeiinsteadoftoourLondonoffice.Wetakethisopportunitytoexpressourthanksforyourfirmsupportinthepast.Wehopethenewarrangementswillleadtoevenbetterresults.
Yoursfaithfully
Liming
(5)询问信1
DearProfessor,
I’mwritingthislettertoinquirewhetherIcanhaveanopportunitytotakeyourgraduatecourses.
IwasmajoredinEnglishLiteratureinFudanUniversityfromSeptember1998toJuly2002.Andeversincemygraduation,IhavebeenworkingasaninterpreterinYangziCompany.Afterworkingfortheseyears,IhavefoundmyselfmoreinterestedinmanagementandIamlongingforanopportunitytostudyManagementunderyourpersonalguidanceasagraduatestudentinyouruniversity.
Iwillbeverygratefulifyoucouldtakemyproposalseriously.Iamlookingforwardtohearingfromyousoon.
Sincerelyyours,
Liming
(6)询问信2
DearSirorMadam,
Iamwritingtoinquirethepossibilityofprovidingfinancialaidforapropercandidate.
IwishthatyoucouldfindaprimaryschoolgirlintheruralareasofwesternChina.Moreoftenthannotgirlstheredropoutofschoolforlackofmoney.Iplantooffer¥3000peryearuntilshefinishessecondaryeducation.Ifshecanenteruniversity,Iwillcontinuetosupportheruntilshegraduatesandfindsajob.
Iwishthatitwouldnotbetoodifficulttofindsuchacandidate.Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.
Sincerelyyours,
LiMing
(7)投诉信
DearManager,
I’mwritingthisletterinpurposeofcomplainingaboutyourafter-saleservice.
Threedaysago,Ipurchasedamobilephone,Moto1080,inyourchainstoresnamedEastDivision. Iregrettotellyouthatonlytwodaysafterthepurchase,Ifounditshutsitselfdownautomaticallyseveraltimesaday.Ibroughtitbacktothestoreinhopeofexchangingitforanewone.Buttherequestwasturneddown.Idohopetogetacompletelynewone.
Iwillbegratefulifyoucanattendtotheresolutionoftheproblem.Iamlookingforwardtoyourreply.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
(8)建议信
DearSirorMadam,
Iamwritingthislettertoputforwardsomesuggestionsforimprovingtheserviceofouruniversitylibrary.
Generallyspeaking,thelibraryfunctionswell,buttherearestillacoupleofproblems.Tobeginwith,morelibrariansshouldworkinthecirculationhallsothatstudentscanborrowandreturnbooksmorequickly.Inaddition,theopeninghoursshouldbelengthenedsothatmorestudentscanmakebetteruseofthelibrary.ThecomputerroomshouldbeexpandedsothatmorestudentscangainaccesstotheIntranetandtheInternet.
Iwillbegratefulifyoutakemysuggestionsseriously,andIfirmlybelievethattheserviceisboundtobeimprovedsignificantlyinthenearfuture.
Yourssincerely,
LiMing
(9)致歉信
DearBob,
IhavearrivedinShanghaiyesterdayandIwanttoshowmygratitudetoyouforyourhospitality.
IamsosorrythatIhaveforgottentoreturnthemusicCDthatyoulentmelastmonthandIdecidetosenditbackassoonaspossible.TogetherwithitisanotherCDoftraditionalChinesemusicasagiftforyou,whichIhopethatyouwillenjoyitverymuch.
IwishIhadnotcausedtoomuchtroubleforyou.ThankyouagainforthehelpyougavemeduringmystayinCanada.PleasetellmeifyouvisitChinasomedayandIcanbeyourtourguide.
Bestregards.
Sincerelyyours,
LiMing
(10)订购函(公)
DearSirs,
PleasesendusyourMilkyWhiteChocolateMints,12-ouncepackages,24packspercase,catalogNo.15c-123,atthepriceofUS$10.59percaseandfifteencasesofMilkyWhiteChocolateBars,6-ouncebars,24barspercase,catalogNo.18c-256,atthepriceofUS$15.89percase.
Pleasemailtheseitemsbyairfreightasweneedthemby20thAugustandchargetheamounttoourAccountNo.018325585.
Ifitisconvenient,pleaseincludewiththedeliveryafewsamplesofyournewchocolatesproducts,asyoudidwiththepastthreeyears'orders.Thesampleshelpconvinceourcustomerstobuyyourdeliciousproducts.
Yoursfaithfully,
Liming
(11)邀请函(公)
DearSirs
Maywehaveacopyofyourbrochuresconcerningthemeeting,whichwasheldonJuly10,2006,forannouncingprojectsonindustrialdevelopmentintheNorthwestChina.
Yesterday'sChinaDailyincludedanarticleaboutthemeeting.Somethoughtsandplanswerepresentedontheelectronicandwater-treatmentfields.Wewouldappreciatemoredetailsthanthoseprintedinthepaper.
Itwouldbemosthelpfulifyoucouldsendusallthenecessaryinformation.Wearesureitwillbebenefitedtobothofusinthenearfuture.
Yoursfaithfully
Liming
3.摘要写作示例
摘要是对汉语文章的总结,所以摘要的每个句子都应该是对文章某一部分大意的概括,几个概括个部分大意的句子加以适当的衔接就完成了摘要。
所以书写摘要前先要通读汉语文章,领会大意,划定各部分主题句(一般都是段落的第一句),再简化主题句,再翻译,最后衔接成文。
摘要示范:
【原文】
青少年犯罪
近年来,青少年犯罪问题十分突出,日趋严重,在经济比较落后的地区,由于辍学率比较高,形势更加严峻,已经成为不容忽视的社会问题。
青少年犯罪的产生是多方面的因素综合作用的结果,既有其自身方面的原因,也有来自家庭、学校和社会等各方面的原因,文化因素作为诱发青少年犯罪的内在动因,对青少年犯罪的产生及其发展也起着举足轻重的作用。
青少年犯罪呈现出一些明显的特点。
首先,青少年犯罪往往以结伙作案、共同实施犯罪为主要形式。
青少年由于其年龄上的特殊性,他们的心理和生理都处于不完全成熟的阶段,独立实施犯罪的心理素质和身体素质尚不具备,通过结成团伙,既克服了心理上的畏惧,也弥补了身体素质方面的不足。
其次,青少年犯罪目的以掠取财产为主。
在青少年犯罪的案件中侵财型案件占的比重很大,其中以抢劫、盗窃等常见侵财犯罪为主。
实施犯罪的青少年往往是没有经济基础又没有工作,无法通过自己的诚实劳动解决自己生活问题的社会闲散人员。
他们实施犯罪多是生活所迫或是盲目攀比,禁不住金钱和利益的诱惑,为了满足自己的欲望而实施违法犯罪行为。
另外,青少年犯罪的主体多是讨厌
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