德阳市最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案.docx
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德阳市最新 高考英语 阅读理解专题练习及答案.docx
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德阳市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习及答案
德阳市最新高考英语阅读理解专题练习(及答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.
TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.
JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.
Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople."
Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.
"Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential(潜力)intermsofheight.
Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome."
(1)Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?
A. Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.
B. Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.
C. Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.
D. Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.
(2)WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?
A. Theyenjoyaneasierlife.
B. Theytendtolivelonger.
C. Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases. D. Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?
A. Sloweddown.
B. Goneupwards.
C. Changedtothecontrary.
D. Cometolifeagain.
(4)WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?
A. Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.
B. Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.
C. Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.
D. Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.
【答案】
(1)D
(2)B
(3)C
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。
我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。
如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.“在过去的一个世纪里,人们的身高不断增长,韩国女性的平均身高增加了20厘米以上,伊朗男性的平均身高增加了16.5厘米。
一项全球研究调查了1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。
"可知,这项全球研究调查了1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高,得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。
故选D。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy“可知,身材更高的人平均寿命更长。
故选B。
(3)考查词义猜测。
根据第五段中的”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury“而在20世纪早期,乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加;以及”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.“在18岁的人群中,随着身高的下降。
可知,reversed的意思是"反转"。
故选C。
(4)考查细节理解。
根据最后一段中的”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.“如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端,他们在未来的几十年里会更健康,更年富力强。
可知,他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,同时根据上下文进行推理,归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Haveyoueverimaginedwhatitwouldbeliketoseetheworldthroughananimal'seyes?
Forexample,whatachimpanzeeseesasitsitsatthetopofatree,orapenguin'sviewasitdivesintotheseatocatchitsdinner?
ThesequestionsareansweredinthenaturedocumentaryAnimalswithCameras,producedbytheBBC.Thethree-partserieswasfirstairedintheUKlastmonth.Toexploreanimalstories"told"bytheanimalsthemselves,thedocumentary'sfilmmakersworkedwithscientiststodevelopcamerasthatwildanimalscouldwear.
"Neverbeforehaveweseensuchhigh-qualityfootage(连续镜头)directlyfromtheanimal'spointofview,"BBCNatureexecutiveproducerFredKaufmantoldPBS."Thisminiseriesgreatlyexpandsourcomprehensionofanimalbehaviorandthiscameratechnologyopensupnewpossibilitiesfordiscoveringsomuchmore."
Indeed,thegroundbreakingtechnologyprovidesanewviewpointoftheanimalkingdom.Newcameraswithenoughbatterylifetoshootforhoursatatimeweredesignedtobecomfortableenoughforanimalstowear,accordingtothedocumentary'scameradesignerChrisWatts.
Thetechnicalchallengesdidn'tstopthere.Someanimalswereverycuriousabouttheequipment,withsomeevenfightingeachotherforthechancetowearacamera.Inthecaseofchimpanzees,"wehadtocreatedummy(仿造的)cameras,sothateverychimpanzeecouldgetone",theminiseries'wildlifecameramanGordonBuchanantoldLiveScience.
Foranimalsthatwerecomfortableenoughtobewithhumanbeings,thecamerascouldbefittedandremovedbyhand.Butforothers,thecamerascameoffautomaticallyusingatimedreleaseandwerecollectedafterward.Thismeantthatthecamerasneededtobeastoughaspossible.
Toavoiddisturbingtheanimals,scientistswhoweregoodatdealingwithwildlifecametohelpbyputtingthecamerasontheanimals."Thelastthingwewanttodoiscausethemdistress."thedocumentary'sproducerDanReestoldtheBBC."Tofollowananimalinthefirstplace,therehadtobeaclearbenefitintermsofknowledgeaboutitthatmightbeusefultoprotectingaspeciesinthefuture.
Theireffortscertainlypaidoff."Footagethatcaptures(捕捉)theserareandexcitingglimpsesofanimalsbiddenhabitsisimportanttoscientists,butdocumentarieslikeAnimalswithCamerasalsoresonatewith(引起共鸣)audiences,connectingthemwiththebeauty-anddanger-ofwildlifeintheirnaturalenvironments,"LiveSciencenoted.
(1)Accordingtothetext,AnimalswithCameras .
A.isadocumentarymadebywildlifeexperts
B.presentshigh-qualityfootageofanimalsforthefirsttime
C.showswildlifefromtheuniqueviewpointofanimals
D.mainlyrecordsthelifeofchimpanzeesandpenguins
(2)Thecaseofchimpanzeesisusedto .
A.reflecttheweaknessofthecameratechnology
B.presenthowfilmmakersputcamerasonchimpanzees
C.explainwhychimpanzeeswereattractedbytheequipment
D.showhowfilmmakersdealtwiththechallengesinshooting
(3)Toavoiddisturbingtheanimals,filmmakers .
A.setupaprotectedareaforthemtolivein
B.invitedscientiststohelpequipthemwithcameras
C.madethecameraslooklikeanimalsindisguise
D.fittedandremovedthecamerasbyhand
(4)Theauthor'sattitudetowardthedocumentarycanbedescribedas .
A.changing
B.supportive
C.cautious
D.pessimistic
【答案】
(1)C
(2)D
(3)B
(4)B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了研究人员使用最新的相机技术,让人们从动物的视角看世界。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的"Toexploreanimalstories‘told’bytheanimalsthemselves,thedocumentary'sfilmmakersworkedwithscientiststodevelopcamerasthatwildanimalscouldwear."可知研究人员让动物带上相机来拍摄野生动物的世界。
故选C。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第五段中的"Thetechnicalchallengesdidn'tstopthere.Someanimalswereverycuriousabouttheequipment,withsomeevenfightingeachotherforthechancetowearacamera."可知很多动物对这种相机非常好奇,甚至会为佩戴相机而打斗。
这就需要人们把这些相机制造得更加牢固,以便更好地拍摄。
第五段最后所列举的猩猩的例子正是为了证明这一点。
故选D。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据倒数第二段中的"Toavoiddisturbingtheanimals,scientistswhoweregoodatdealingwithwildlifecametohelpbyputtingthecamerasontheanimals."可知为了避免妨碍动物,研究人员邀请科学家帮助他们给动物带上相机。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的"Footagethatcaptures(捕捉)theserareandexcitingglimpsesofanimalsbiddenhabitsisimportanttoscientists,butdocumentarieslikeAnimalswithCamerasalsoresonatewith(引起共鸣)audiences,connectingthemwiththebeauty-anddanger-ofwildlifeintheirnaturalenvironments"可知作者认为这种相机拍摄的连续镜头对于科学研究十分重要,这种纪录片能够引起观众的共鸣,让人们欣赏到美景,也让他们意识到自然环境下野生动物面临的危险。
这些说明作者对这一纪录片持支持态度。
故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,考生需要准确捕捉细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
AlisonMalmonwasendingherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofPennsylvania.US,whenshegotthenews:
HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbiaUniversity;wassufferingfrommentalillness.
Inspiredbythis,Malmonformedagroupatheruniversitytoorganizestudentstotalkopenlyaboutmentalhealth.Itsoonblossomedintoanationalorganizationthattodayhasmorethan450campuschapters.Leaderswiththeorganizationspendtheirtimetalkingwithcollegestudentsaboutthepressurethattoday'syoungpeopleface.
"Whatyouhearoftenisjustaneedtobeperfect,"saidMalmon,"andaneedtopresentoneselfasperfect."AnewstudyintheUKprovedthatthisneedforperfectionismissimplypartoftoday'ssociety.Inthestudy,tworesearchersstudiedmorethan40,000studentsfromtheUS,Canada,andtheUK.Theyfoundthatwhattheycalled"socially-prescribed(社会定向型的)perfectionism"increasedbyathirdbetween1989and2016.
LeadresearcherTho
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