troy war特洛伊战争.docx
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troy war特洛伊战争.docx
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troywar特洛伊战争
10yearsofTroyWar
EverythingstartedfromaMyth........TroyinAsiaMinor.
AfterParisgrabbedHelenbacktoTroy,Menelausfeltveryangry.So,hepersuadeAchilleus,thegreatestwarriorinGreece,andAgamemnonwhichisMenelaus'bro,alsothekingofGreece,tobroketheTroywar.
Trojans,however,hadsensedthebreezebeforeAgamemnon'sarmyarrived.Priams,thekingofTroy,wiselysacrificedhisdaughter,hegavehisbeautifuldaughtertoAchilleus,andbegthegreatestwarriorofGreecetobringhismenbacktoGreecemainland,refusedtofight.
AtthebeginningoftheWar,GreeksdidaveryuglyactionblasphemedApollpthegodoftheSUN.ThenTrojansprayedtoApollotopunishGreeksandletdisasterscomeovertheirheads.AsTrojansexpected,theGreeksgotpunished,thousandsofsoldiersdiedinillness,thenAchilleusrefusedtofightandbroughthismenbacktomainlandGreece.
TroyWarhadbeendeadlockedoutsidetheTroyCitynearly9years.......
10thYearcamealittlechilledthanthelast9years.
Patroklos,thetruefriendofAchilleus,alsotheturningpointofTroyWar,waskilledinaduelwithParis.whenAchilleusheardofit,hewassomadthatalmostkilledthedaughterofPriams.ThenAchilleuscalledhismenbacktoTroyagain.
absolutelynoonecouldbeatAchilleusatthemoment,hefoughtfortherevengeofhisfriend,andhefoughtforsavinghisfriend'sname.Unfortunately,TrojangotAchilleus'heelwhichistheonlyweaknessofhim,AchilleusalsodiedatTroy.
Finally,TroywasbrokenbyAgamemnon'sGreeksoldiers.Womengotraped,mengotkilled,thewholeTroydroppedinfirefor3days.GreeksgotthecontrolofTroy,alsotheyimprovetheirpowerinAisaminorandtheTaxpointbetweenBlackseaandAegeanSea
TroyWarwasamyth,alegend,anepic,andjustastory......
causes:
AccordingtoHomer'sIlliad,thecauseoftheTrojanWarwentbacktotheJudgmentofParis.Paris,thePrinceofTroy,wasaksedtojudgeamongthreegoddesseswhowasthemostbeautiful.ForchoosingAphrodite,hewasgivenasaprizethemostbeautifulhumanwomanintheworld.Unfortunately,thatwomanhappenedtobemarriedtotheKingofSparta,andwhenshefellinlovewithParisandelopedwithhimtoTroy,itwastakenasadeadlyinsult,requiringthecombinedforcesofthewholeoftheMyvceneanPeloponese(andperhapsbeyond)toattackthecity-stateofTroy.Afterastalematedten-yearsiege,theGreeksdevisedastratagem.Theybuiltahugewoodenhorse,andatnightfilleditwithsoldiers,andthenwithdrewthierarmies.TheTrojanssawthattheyhadleft,andtookthehorsetobeapartinggiftfromthedefeatedenemy.Theytookthehorseintothecity,andatnightthesoldiersleftthehorseandopenedthecitygates,lettinginthemainarmywhodestroyedthecitywiththeusualrapineandpillage.
results:
TheGreekswon.
ThedestructionofTroyoccurredveryshortlybeforetheMyceneancitiesfelloneaftertheothertosomemysteriousraiders,probablyfromtheseainthecaseofPylos,atleast,andmaybealsointhecaseoftheothercities.Greecefellintowhatisknownasthe"GreekDarkAges"forseveralhundredyears.Literacyeffectivelyvanished,thepopulationdispersed,andtherewerenogreatcitiesuntiltherecoverythatledtotheClassicalperiodofwhichPericleanAthenswasthehighpoint.
特洛伊战争的历史:
TheAppleofDiscord
TheTrojanWarhasitsrootsinthemarriagebetweenPeleusandThetis,asea-goddess.PeleusandThetishadnotinvitedEris,thegoddessofdiscord,totheirmarriageandtheoutragedgoddessstormedintotheweddingbanquetandthrewagoldenappleontothetable.Theapplebelongedto,Erissaid,whomeverwasthefairest.
Hera,Athena,andAphroditeeachreachedfortheapple.ZeusproclaimedthatParis,princeofTroyandthoughttobethemostbeautifulmanalive,wouldactasthejudge.
HermeswenttoParis,andParisagreedtoactasthejudge.Herapromisedhimpower,Athenapromisedhimwealth,andAphroditepromisedthemostbeautifulwomanintheworld.
ParischoseAphrodite,andshepromisedhimthatHelen,wifeofMenelaus,wouldbehiswife.ParisthenpreparedtosetoffforSpartatocaptureHelen.TwinprophetsCassandraandHelenustriedtopersuadehimagainstsuchaction,asdidhismother,Hecuba.ButPariswouldnotlistenandhesetoffforSparta.
InSparta,Menelaus,husbandofHelen,treatedParisasaroyalguest.However,whenMenelausleftSpartatogotoafuneral,ParisabductedHelen(whoperhapswentwillingly)andalsocarriedoffmuchofMenelaus'wealth.
InTroy,HelenandParisweremarried.Thisoccuredaround1200B.C.(Wood,16).
GreekArmament
Menelaus,however,wasoutragedtofindthatParishadtakenHelen.MenelausthencalleduponallofHelen'soldsuitors,asallofthesuitorshadmadeanoathlongagothattheywouldallbackHelen'shusbandtodefendherhonor.
Manyofthesuitorsdidnotwishtogotowar.OdysseuspretendedtobeinsanebutthistrickwasuncoveredbyPalamedes.Achilles,thoughnotoneoftheprevioussuitors,wassoughtafterbecausetheseerCalchashadstatedthatTroywouldnotbetakenunlessAchilleswouldfight.
OneofthemostinterestingstoriesisofCinyras,kingofPaphos,inCyprus,whohadbeenasuitorofHelen.Hedidnotwishtogotowar,butpromisedAgamemnonfiftyshipsfortheGreekfleet.Truetohisword,Cinyrasdidsendfiftyships.Thefirstshipwascommandedbyhisson.Theotherforty-nine,however,weretoyclayships,withtinyclaysailors.Theydissembledsoonafterbeingplacedintheocean(Tripp,584-584).
TheGreekfleetassembled,underAgamemnon'sinspection,inAulis.However,AgamemnoneitherkilledoneofDiana'ssacredstagsormadeacarelessboast.Eitherway,Dianawasoutragedandshecalmedtheseassothatthefleetcouldnottakeoff.
TheseerCalchasproclaimedthatIphigenia,daughterofAgamemnon,mustbesacrificedbeforethefleetcouldsetsail.Thiswasdone,andtheGreekshipssetoffinsearchofTroy.
FindingTroy
FindingTroyproveddifficult,however,andtheGreekfleetatfirstlandedinMysia.AccordingtoHerodotus,theGreekswereundertheimpressionthatHelenhadbeentakenbytheTeuthranians(Teucrians),andthoughtheTeuthraniansdeniedsuchallegations,theGreekslayedsiegetothecity(Herodotus,Bk.II.118).TheGreeksultimatelyprevailed,butsufferedheavycasualtiesatthehandsofTelephus,kingoftheTeuthranians,and,attheend,werestillwithoutHelen.Telephus,inthecourseofthewar,waswoundedbyAchilles.
Withnowhereelsetoturn,theGreeksreturnedhome.
TheTrojanWarmightnothavehappenedhadnotTelephusgonetoGreeceinthehopesofhavinghiswoundcured.Telephushadbeentoldbyanoraclethatonlythepersonwhowoundedhim(inthiscase,Achilles)couldcurehim.AchillesassentedandTelephustoldtheGreekshowtogettoTroy.
EmbassytoPriam
Odysseus,knownforhiseloquence,andMenelausweresentasambassadorstoPriam.TheydemandedHelenandthestolentreasurebereturned.Priamrefused,andOdysseusandMenelausreturnedtotheGreekshipswiththeannouncementthatwarwasinevitable.
TheWar
ThefirstnineyearsofthewarconsistedofbothwarinTroyandwaragainsttheneighboringregions.TheGreeksrealizedthatTroywasbeingsuppliedbyitsneighboringkingdoms,soGreeksweresenttodefeattheseareas.
AswellasdestroyingTrojaneconomy,thesebattleslettheGreeksgatheralargeamountofresourcesandotherspoilsofwar,includingwomen(e.g.,Briseis,TecmessaandChryseis).
TheGreekswonmanyimportantbattlesandtheTrojanheroHectorfell,asdidtheTrojanallyPenthesilea.However,theGreekscouldnotbreakdownthewallsofTroy.
Patrocluswaskilledand,soonafter,AchilleswasfelledbyParis.
Helenus,sonofPriam,hadbeencapturedbyOdysseus.Aprophet,HelenustoldtheGreeksthatTroywouldnotfallunless:
a)Pyrrhus,Achilles'son,foughtinthewar,
b)ThebowandarrowsofHerculeswereusedbytheGreeksagainsttheTrojans,
c)TheremainsofPelops,thefamousEleianhero,werebroughttoTroy,and
d)ThePalladium,astatueofAthena,wasstolenfromTroy(Tripp,587).
PhoenixpersuadedPyrrhustojointhewar.PhilocteteshadthebowandarrowsofHercules,buthadbeenleftbytheGreekfleetinLemnosbecausehehadbeenbittenbyasnakeandhiswoundhadahorrendoussmell.Philocteteswasbitter,butwasfinallypersuadedtojointheGreeks.TheremainsofPelopsweregotten,andOdysseusinfiltratedTrojandefensesandstolethePalladium.
TheTrojanHorse
StillseekingtogainentranceintoTroy,cleverOdysseus(somesaywiththeaidofAthena)orderedalargewoodenhorsetobebuilt.Itsinsidesweretobehollowsothatsoldierscouldhidewithinit.
OncethestatuehadbeenbuiltbytheartistEpeius,anumberoftheGreekwarriors,alongwithOdysseus,climbedinside.TherestoftheGreekfleetsailedaway,soastodeceivetheTrojans.
Oneman,Sinon,wasleftbehind.WhentheTrojanscametomarvelatthehugecreation,SinonpretendedtobeangrywiththeGreeks,statingthattheyhaddesertedhim.HeassuredtheTrojansthatthewoodenhorsewassafeandwouldbringlucktotheTrojans.
Onlytwopeople,LaocoonandCassandra,spokeoutagainstthehorse,buttheywereignored.TheTrojanscelebratedwhattheythoughtwastheirvictory,anddraggedthewoodenhorseintoTroy.
Thatnight,aftermostofTroywasasleeporinadrunkenstupor,SinonlettheGreekwarriorsoutfromthehorse,andtheyslaughteredtheTrojans.PriamwaskilledashehuddledbyZeus'altarandCassandrawaspulledfromthestatueofAthenaandraped.
AftertheWar
Afterthewar,Polyxena,daughterofPr
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