高中英语教资面试语音课干货(全英——九种语音知识与规则)Word格式文档下载.docx

高中英语教资面试语音课干货(全英——九种语音知识与规则)Word格式文档下载.docx

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WestartontheAsound（双元音中第一个构成的单音，以A来代表），andfinishontheBsound（双元音中第二个构成的单音，以B来代表）.Whenwepronounceit,wesmoothlyglidefromthefirstsoundtothesecondsound.Lookatmymouth,theshapeofmymouthandpositionofmytonguechanged.Repeatafterme,please.

2.舌侧音（Lateral['

læ

tərəl]sound）

Therearetwodifferentwaysofpronouncingit.

Thereislightlateralsoundanddarklateralsound.

①Whenthesoundisatthebeginningofaword,itsusuallyalightLsound（e.x.learn,literal）HowtopronouncethelightLsound？

Wepressthetipofyourtongueontheuppergum.

②Whenthesoundisattheendofaword,itsusuallyadarkLsound（e.x.bottle,uncle）

HowtopronouncethedarkLsound？

Weraisethebackofourtongue,andpositionofourtongueislowered.

3.连读（Liaison[ˈliːəzɑːn]）

Whatisliaisonorwhatdoeslinkingsoundmea？

n

Literally,soundsarelinkedtogether.Itshowyouconnectwordswhenwespeak,sothattwowordsarepronouncedtogether.

Whataretherules？

Therearebasicallythreecases.

①C+C:

linkconsonantsoundtoconsonantsound（dangeroussport;

hotday;

thankyou）

②V+V:

linkvowelsoundtovowelsound（youever;

howinteresting）add/w/soundor/j/

soundor/r/soundwhenwetrytoconnecttwovowelsounds.

③C+V:

linkconsonantsoundtovowelsound（takeup,speakup）

4.句子内单词的重读（stress）

Concept：

Somewordsareemphasized,someofthemarenot.Thisiscalledstress.

Wepronouncesomewordslouder,longerandatahigher-pitchednotewhenwestress.

Whataretherules：

①Westresscontentwordslikeadverbs,adjectives,nouns,verbsetc.Theyarethewordsthatconveymeanings.

②Wedonotstressfunctionwordslikeprepositions,linkingwords,articles,pronounsetc.Theyarethewordsthatdonotconveymeaningsbutperformgrammaticalfunctions.

③Ifnecessary,wecandeliberatelystresswhateverwordswewanttomakeanemphasis.

5.单词内音节的重读（stress）

Whenitcomestothewordmadeoftwosyllables,therearetwocases.

ifitsanounlikecenter,westressthefirstsyllable/cen/ifitsaverblikeadmit,westressthesecondsyllable/mit/

Forcompoundwords,thereareatleastthreedifferentkindsofconditions.

①compoundwordsconsistoftwonounslikebookshelfwestressthefirstpart,book

②compoundwordsconsistofadjectiveandpastparticiplelikmeiddle-agedwestressthesecondpart,aged

③compoundwordsconsistofprepositionandverblikeoutshinewestressthesecondpart,shine

Forwordswithsuffix,thereareatleasttwowaysofstressing.

Wecanstressthesyllablebeforethesuffix（economic）

Wecanalsostressthethirdsyllablefromthelastsyllable（biology）Wherewestressdependsondifferentsuffix.

6.停顿（pause）

Concept:

Therearetemporarystopsinourspeech.Westopforaninstantorlengthenthelastsound

foraninstanttocatchabreathorhelppeopleorganizethesensegroupsandgraspthemessage.

Rulesofpause：

Wedividethesentenceintodifferentsensegroupsandmakeashortpausebetweensensegroupsbutneverduringasensegroup.

（Sensegroupsarecloselyconnectedintermsofmeaningandgrammar.Sheis/myfavorite

student/inclass.）

sensegroup3

sensegroup1

sensegroup2

Nevershouldwepauseatanywordwithinasensegroup,becauseinthatway,sensegroupisbrokenandcannotformacompletesamemeaninganymore.

（badexample:

Ifiwasyoung,iwouldmakea/greatefforttogetintoaprestigiouscollege.

wrongpause

7.语调（intonation）

Therearerisesandfallsinourspeech.Ourvoicegoesupanddownsothatourspeechiscadenced.Thisiswhatwecallintonation.

Rulesofintonation：

Tellmewhatsentencesareintherisingtoneandwhatsentencesareinthefallingtone?

Thentrytoclassifythemintodifferentgroups.Wewillfind:

①forgeneralquestions,weuserisingtone

②forspecialquestionsintroducedbywh-word（who,what,when,where）andstatements,weusefallingtone

③foralternativequestions,wefirstuserisingtoneandthenfallingtone +

④fortagquestions,wefirstusefallingtoneandthenrisingtone +

Examplesentence:

alternativequestion:

Whichkindofbeveragewouldyoulike,sparklingwaterofcoffee？

tagquestion：

Youwouldn’tleavetoday，wouldyou？

8.失去爆破（lossofplosive）

Whenawordendswithoneoftheplosivesoundslike/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/（plosiveconsonants）,noairisfollowedbyawordbeginningwithoneofthoseplosivesoundsor/m/,

/n/.

Rules：

Thereisastopattheendofthefirstconsonant.So,wecannotreallyheartheplosivesound.Wemouthit,whichmeanswemovethelipswithoutmakingasound.

Examples:

bigbang,sitdown,sadtime

9.音的同化（assimilation）

Assimilationisaphonologicalprocessinwhichtwosoundsthataredifferentbecomemorealike.

①progressiveassimilation

theprecedingsoundisinfluencingthefollowingsoundwhat’s（sz）

②regressiveassimilationnewspaper（zs）

thefollowingsoundisinfluencingtheprecedingsound

③doubleassimilation

（/wu:

du/ /wu:

dʒu/）would