江苏专用版高考英语复习限时组合练限时训练九Word下载.docx
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江苏专用版高考英语复习限时组合练限时训练九Word下载.docx
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Thebookmarketsufferedduringtheeconomydeclinesandtheemergenceofnewe-readers,suchastheAmazonKindle,waspullingmorecustomersawayfromthehighstreet.
A&
NNwillpayforWaterstone’sintwoparts,oneof£40millionandoneof£13million.ThedealwillonlycompleteifHMVcanrenegotiateitsbankfacilities,thoughHMVsaysthebanksaresupportiveofthesale.Pensiontrusteesandthepensionsregulatoralsohavetoapprove.
HMVchiefexecutiveSimonFoxsaidA&
NNwouldbeagoodhomeforWaterstone’s,whilethesalewillreduceborrowingsandenableHMVtofocusonplansfortransformingthebusinessintoabroad-basedentertainmentbusiness.
NNwillappointJamesDauntasmanagingdirectorofWaterstone’soncethedealcompletes.MrDauntcurrentlyrunsDauntBooks,asmallchainofLondon-basedbookshopshefoundedin1990.
Waterstone’sfounderTimWaterstoneopenedhisfirststorein1982atatimewhenfellowbookloverswerepresentedwithfewoptionsonthehighstreet.ThetopbooksellerwasWHSmith,MrWaterstone’sformeremployerofeightyearsbeforehewasdismissed,whichhefeltwasfailingtogointoabroadmarketofliteraturefans.
ThefirststorewasopenedinOldBromptonRoad,andtheformerbanker’sintuitionwascorrectasthechainwentfromstrengthtostrength.
MrWaterstone,whohaswrittenfournovels,sawarecoveryinthemarketdrivenbydemandfortheworksofanewwaveofliterarystarsincludingSalmanRushdie,IanMcEwan,JohnBanvilleandMartinAmis.Havingfoundedthefirmwithhis£6,000,MrWaterstonesoldthechaintohisformeremployerWHSmithin1993for£47million.
语篇解读 本文讲述了连锁书店Waterstone’s的变迁。
1.Accordingtothepassage,whoisthemostlikelytobethemanagingdirectorofWaterstone’sinthenearfuture?
A.MrWaterstone.B.JohnBanville.
C.JamesDaunt.D.SimonFox.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
根据第五段第一句“A&
NNwillappointJamesDauntasmanagingdirectorofWaterstone’soncethedealcompletes.”可知C项正确。
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intuition”meaninthepassage?
A.Instinctiveknowledge.B.Mentalimage.
C.Calmconsideration.D.Indirectsuggestion.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。
根据intuition所在的段落中的“asthechainwentfromstrengthtostrength”以及全文语境可知intuition表示的是银行家的“直觉”,故选A项。
B
失眠
★★
AnewstudyfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicinesuggeststhatgettingoutofbedwhenyoucan’tsleepmightpreventyoursleeplessnightfrombecomingchronicinsomnia(慢性失眠).
Aftermonitoringthesesleephabitsof416participantsforoneyear,researchersfoundthatnightowlswhorestrictedtheirtimeinbedweremorelikelytosleepsoundlyoncetheydidfallasleep.Thosewhoremainedinbedwhentheycouldn’tsleep,ontheotherhand,weremorelikelytodevelopchronicinsomnia.
Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintuitiveatfirst,itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.“Thosewithinsomniatypicallyextendtheirsleepopportunity,”saidMichaelPerlis,PhD.“Theygotobedearly,getoutofbedlate,andtheynap.Whilethisseemsareasonablethingtodo,andmaywellbeintheshortterm,theprobleminthelongertermisthatitcreatesamismatchbetweentheindividual’scurrentsleepabilityandtheircurrentsleepopportunity;
thisfuelsinsomnia.”Theseseeminglyharmlesshabitscouldbecausingyourinsomnia,too.
“Soifyou’restrugglingtofallasleepatnight,trygettingoutofbedandusingthattimetoreadabookorwriteinajournal.Notonlycouldyoufallasleepinjustanhour,butyouwillalsodosofasterandsleepbetterthanifyouhadjuststayedinbed,”PerlistoldRealSimple.“Andtrytoresisttheurgetotakeanaporsleepinthenextday;
poweringthroughcanhelpyoufallasleepthefollowingnight.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。
一项新的研究发现,失眠时不应强迫自己入睡,最好的做法是起床做点其他的事,这样可以预防慢性失眠。
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“counterintuitive”inParagraph3mean?
A.Contrarytocommonbelief.
B.Unlikeanythingelse.
C.Similartofirstreaction.
D.Beyondwildestimagination.
根据第三段内容和画线词所在句“Whilethisadvicemayseemcounterintuitiveatfirst,itmakessenseonceyouunderstandwhatcausesyoursleeplessness.”可知,尽管一开始你可能会觉得这条建议违反常理,但一旦你明白失眠的原因就会觉得它(这条建议)合乎情理。
由此可推知,画线词和makesense应表达相反的意思。
所以“counterintuitive”意为“(想法、提议等)违反常理的”,和“contrarytocommonbelief”意思相近。
故选A。
4.WhatdoesPerlisadviseforasleeplessnight?
A.Getoutofbed.B.Remaininbed.
C.Keepwideawake.D.Takeanap.
根据最后一段第一句“Soifyou’restrugglingtofallasleepatnight,trygettingoutofbedandusingthattimetoreadabookorwriteinajournal.”可知,Perlis建议失眠时起床做其他的事。
5.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?
A.Topromoteahealthylifestyle.
B.Tointroduceanewfinding.
C.Toencouragesimilarstudy.
D.Todiscussthecauseofsleeplessness.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。
通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了一项关于失眠的新研究,即失眠时最好的做法是起床做其他的事。
由此可知,作者写本文的目的是向读者介绍这项研究的内容。
故选B。
C
细菌
★★★
Ifyou’remakingresolutionsforahealthiernewyear,consideragutmakeover.Refashioningthecommunityofbacteriaandothermicrobeslivinginyourintestinaltract,collectivelyknownasthegutmicrobiome,couldbeagoodlong-terminvestmentinyourhealth.
Trillionsofmicrobialcellsinhabitthehumanbody,outnumberinghumancellsby10tooneaccordingtosomeestimates,andgrowingevidencesuggeststhatthericharrayofintestinalmicrobiotahelpsusprocessnutrientsinthefoodsweeat,bolsterstheimmunesystemanddoesallsortsofoddjobsthatpromotesoundhealth.Adiminishedmicrobialecosystem,ontheotherhand,isbelievedtohaveconsequencesthatextendfarbeyondtheintestinaltract,affectingeverythingfromallergiesandinflammation,metabolicdiseaseslikediabetesandobesity,evenmentalhealthconditionslikedepressionandanxiety.
Muchofthecompositionofthemicrobiomeisestablishedearlyinlife,shapedbyforceslikeyourgeneticsandwhetheryouwerebreast-fedorbottle-fed.Microbialdiversitymaybefurtherunderminedbythetypicalhigh-calorieAmericandiet,richinsugar,meatsandprocessedfoods.Butanewstudyinmiceandpeopleaddstoevidencethatsuggestsyoucantakestepstoenrichyourgutmicrobiota.Changingyourdiettoonecontainingavarietyofplant-basedfoods,thenewresearchsuggests,maybecrucialtoachievingahealthiermicrobiome.
Alteringyourmicrobiome,however,maynotbeeasy,andnobodyknowshowlongitmighttake.That’sbecausetheecosystemalreadyestablishedinyourgutdetermineshowitabsorbsandprocessesnutrients.Soifthemicrobialcommunityinyourguthasbeenshapedbyadailydietofcheeseburgersandpepperonipizza,forexample,itwon’trespondasquicklytoahealthydietasagutshapedbyvegetablesandfruitsthathasmorevariedmicrobiotatobeginwith.
“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobialcommunitythatencountersthatfood,”saidDrJeffreyGordon,theseniorauthorofthenewpaperanddirectoroftheCenterforGenomeScienceandSystemsBiologyattheWashingtonUniversitySchoolofMedicineinSt.Louis.“Nutritionalcomponentsofahealthydiethavetobeviewedfromtheinsideout,”hesaid,“notjusttheoutsidein.”
Oneofthequestionsthestudysetouttoanswerwashowindividualswithdifferentdietsrespondwhentheytrytoimprovetheireatinghabits.Thescientistsharvestedgutbacteriafromhumans,transplantedthemintomicebredundersterileconditions,andthenfedthemiceeitherAmerican-styleorplant-baseddiets.Thescientiststhenanalyzedchangesinthemice’smicrobialcommunities.
Ofinterest,thescientistsharvestedthegutbacteriafrompeoplewhofollowedsharplydifferentdiets.OnegroupateafairlytypicalAmericandiet,consumingabout3,000caloriesaday,highinanimalproteinswithfewfruitsandvegetables.Someoftheirfavoritefoodswereprocessedcheese,pepperoniandlunchmeats.
Theothergroupconsistedofpeoplewhoweredevoteesofcalorierestriction.Theyatelessthan1,800caloriesadayandhadmeticulouslytrackedwhattheyateforatleasttwoyears,stickingtoamostlyplant-baseddietandconsumingfarlessanimalproteinthantheothergroup,athirdfewercarbohydratesandonlyhalfthefat.
Thiscalorie-restrictedgroup,theresearchersfound,hadafarricherandmorediversemicrobialcommunityinthegutthanthoseeatingatypicalAmericandiet.Theyalsocarriedseveralstrainsof“good”bacteria,knowntopromotehealth,thatareuniquetotheirplant-baseddiet.“Theirchoicesasadultsdramaticallyinfluencedtheirgutcommunity,”saidNicholasW.GriffinofWashingtonUniversity,thepaper’sleadauthor.
Thestudy,publishedinCellHost&
Microbe,isnotthefirsttoreportfindingssuggestingdietaryshiftscaninducepersistentchangesinagutmicrobialcommunity,saidDrDavidA.Relman,aprofessorofmedicine,microbiologyandimmunologyatStanfordUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedinthecurrentresearch.Henotedthatotherstudieshadfoundevenmoreprofoundeffects.
Afterthehumanmicrobiotawastransplantedintothemice,themicegottoeateitherliketypicalAmericansorlikethecalorierestrictors.
MicethathadamicrobiotaconditionedbythetypicalAmericandiethadaweakerresponsetotheplant-baseddiet.Theirmicrobialcommunitiesdidn’tincreaseanddiversifyasmuch.“Theyallrespondedinapredictabledirection,butwithnotasgreatamagnitude,”saidDrGriffin.
Anotheraspectofthestudysuggeststhecompanyyoukeepmayalsoenrichyourgutmicrobiota—atleastinmice.Atfirsttheanimalswerekeptinseparatecages.Then,whentheywerehousedtogether,themicrobesfromthecommunitiesconditionedbyplantdietsmadetheirwayintotheAmerican-dietmicrobiome.
It’snotclearhowthattranslatestohumans:
Miceeatoneanother’sdroppingswhentheylivetogether,sotheyeasilysharethebacterialwealth.Still,it’spossiblehumanshaveotherwaysofsharingbacteria,DrGriffinsaid.“Weknowfrompreviousworkandotherstudiesthatspouseswholivetogetherwilldevelopmicrobialcommunitiesthataresimilartoeachother,”hesaid.
6.WhatcanweknowfromJeffreyGordon’sresearch?
A.Theythoughtthatotherstudieshadlessprofoundeffects.
B.Thosewholiveacalorierestrictedlifehaveavarietyofmicrobialcommunityinthegut.
C.Peoplewhoweredevoteesofcalorierestrictionarecrazyforprocessedcheese,pepperoniandsoon.
D.TypicalAmericandietconsumeslessanimalproteinandathirdfewercarbohydrates.
根据第十段最后一句“Henotedthatotherstudieshadfoundevenmoreprofoundeffects.”可知A项是错误的。
根据第九段第一句“Thiscalorie-restrictedgroup,theresearchersfound,hadafarricherandmorediversemicrobialcommunityinthegut”可知,限制饮食的人们会有更加多样灵活的肠道环境。
选项C是偷换概念,不是热衷于控制热量摄入的人,应该是美式饮食者们需要这样的食物。
根据第七段第二句和第八段最后一个分句可知,选项D是错误的。
由此可知答案是B项。
7.What’sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“encounter”inthefifthparagraph?
A.Decrease.B.Increase.
C.Meet.D.Effect.
由画线词所在句中的“Thenutritionalvalueoffoodisinfluencedinpartbythemicrobialcommunitythatencountersthatfood”和上下文可知,是食物遇到微生物群落,此处是“相遇,相汇”的意思,所以答案选“meet”。
8.WhichofthefollowingisFALSEaccordingtothepassage?
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