亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案01Word下载.doc
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亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案01Word下载.doc
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INTERNETEXERCISES
LO1:
Describethemajorusersandusesofaccountinginformation.
A1,B1
28,29,33
39,40,42
55
LO2:
Describethecost-benefitandbehavioralissuesinvolvedindesigninganaccountingsystem.
41,43
LO3:
Explaintheroleofbudgetsandperformancereportsinplanningandcontrol.
A2,B2
32
45
53
LO4:
Discusstheroleaccountantsplayinthecompany’svaluechainfunctions.
30,31,34,35,36
39,42,44
LO5:
Explainwhyaccountingisimportantinavarietyofcareerpaths.
30,31
52,55
LO6:
Identifycurrenttrendsinmanagementaccounting.
54
LO7:
Explainwhyethicsandstandardsofethicalconductareimportanttoaccountants.
A3,B3
37,38
47,48,49
51,52,55
ManagerialAccounting,theBusinessOrganization,andProfessionalEthics
1-A1 (10-15min.)
Informationisoftenusefulformorethanonefunction,sothefollowingclassificationsforeachactivityarenotdefinitivebutserveasastartingpointfordiscussion:
1. Scorekeeping.Adepreciationscheduleisusedinpreparingfinancialstatementstoreporttheresultsofactivities.
2. Problemsolving.Helpsamanagerassesstheimpactofapurchasedecision.
3. Scorekeeping.Reportsontheresultsofanoperation.Couldalsobeattentiondirectingifscrapisanareathatmightrequiremanagementattention.
4. Attentiondirecting.Focusesattentiononareasthatneedattention.
5. Attentiondirecting.Helpsmanagerslearnabouttheinformationcontainedinaperformancereport.
6. Scorekeeping.Thestatementreportswhathashappened.Couldalsobeattentiondirectingifthereporthighlightsaproblemorissue.
7. Problemsolving.Assumingthecostcomparisonistohelpthemanagerdecidebetweentwoalternatives,thisisproblemsolving.
8. Attentiondirecting.Variancespointoutareaswhereresultsdifferfromexpectations.Interpretingthemdirectsattentiontopossiblecausesofthedifferences.
9. Problemsolving.Aidsadecisionaboutwheretomakeparts.
10. Attentiondirectingandproblemsolving.Budgetinginvolvesmakingdecisionsaboutplannedactivities--hence,aidingproblemsolving.Budgetsalsodirectattentiontoareasofopportunityorconcern--hence,directingattention.Reportingagainstthebudgetalsohasascorekeepingdimension.
1-A2 (15-20min.)
1. Budgeted Actual Deviations
Amounts Amounts orVariances
Roomrental $140 $140 $0
Food 700 865 165U
Entertainment 600 600 0
Decorations 220 260 40U
Total $1,660 $1,865 $205U
2. Becauseofthemanagementbyexceptionrule,roomrentalandentertainmentrequirenoexplanation.Theactualexpenditureforfoodexceededthebudgetby$165.Ofthis$165,$150isexplainedbyattendanceof15personsmorethanbudgeted(atabudgetof$10perpersonforfood)and$15isexplainedbyexpendituresabove$10perperson.
Actualexpendituresfordecorationswere$40morethanthebudget.Thedecorationscommitteeshouldbeaskedforanexplanationoftheexcessexpenditures.
1-A3 (10min.)
Allofthesituationsraisepossibilitiesforviolationoftheintegritystandard.Inaddition,themanagerineachsituationmustaddressanadditionalethicalstandard:
1. TheGeneralMillsmanagermustrespecttheconfidentialitystandard.Heorsheshouldnotdiscloseanyinformationaboutthenewcereal.
2. Felixmustaddresshislevelofcompetencefortheassignment.Ifhissupervisorknowshislevelofexpertiseandwantsananalysisfroma“layperson”pointofview,heshoulddoit.However,ifthesupervisorexpectsanexpertanalysis,Felixmustdisclosehislackofcompetence.
3. ThecredibilitystandardshouldcauseMarySuetodeclinetoomittheinformationfromthebudget.Itisrelevantinformation,anditsomissionmaymisleadreadersofthebudget.
1-B1 (15-20min.)
1. Problemsolving.Providesinformationfordecidingbetweentwoalternativecoursesofaction.
2. Scorekeeping.Recordingwhathashappened.Ifamountsarecomparedwithexpectations,thiscouldalsoserveanattention-directingfunction.
3. Problemsolving.Helpsamanagerdecideamongalternatives.
4. Attentiondirecting.Directsattentiontotheuseofovertimelabor.Alsoscorekeeping.
5. Problemsolving.Providesinformationtomanagersfordecidingwhethertomovecorporateheadquarters.
6. Attentiondirecting.Directsattentiontowhynursingcostsincreased.
7. Attentiondirecting.Directsattentiontoareaswhereactualresultsdifferedfromthebudget.
8. Problemsolving.Helpsthevice-presidentdecidewhichcourseofactionisbest.
9. Problemsolving.Producesinformationtohelpthemarketingdepartmentmakeadecisionaboutamarketingcampaign.
10. Scorekeeping.Recordsactualovertimecosts.Ifresultsarecomparedwithexpectations,alsoattentiondirecting.
11. Attentiondirecting.Directsattentiontostoreswitheitherhighorlowratiosofadvertisingexpensestosales.
12. Attentiondirecting.Directsattentiontocausesofreturnsofthedrug.
13. Attentiondirectingorproblemsolving,dependingontheuseoftheschedule.Ifitistoidentifyareasofhighfuelusageitisattentiondirecting.Ifitistoplanforpurchasesoffuel,itisproblemsolving.
14. Scorekeeping.Recordsitemsneededforfinancialstatements.
1-B2 (10-15min.)
1&
2. Budget Actual Variance
Sales $75,000 $74,600 $400U
Costs:
Fireworks $36,000 $35,500 $500F
Labor 15,000 18,000 3,000U
Other 8,000 7,910 90F
Totalcost 59,000 61,410 2,410U
Profit $16,000 $13,190 $2,810U
3. Thecostoffireworkswas$500÷
$36,000=1.4%underbudgetwhilesaleswasjust400÷
$75,000=.5%underbudget.Didfireworkssupplierslowertheirprices?
Weresellingpricessethigherthanexpected?
Thereshouldbesomeexplanationforthelowercostoffireworks.
Thelaborcostwas$3,000÷
$15,000=20%overbudget.Salesandothercostswereclosetobudgetinpercentageterms.Whywaslaborcostmuchhigherthanexpected?
1-B3 (15-20min.)
1. Acodeofconductisadocumentspecifyingtheethicalstandardsofanorganization.
2. Differentcompaniesincludedifferentelementsintheircodesofconduct.Someoftheitemsincludedincompanies’codesofconductincludemaintainingadresscode,avoidingillegaldrugs,followinginstructionsofsuperiors,beingreliableandprompt,maintainingconfidentiality,notacceptingpersonalgiftsfromstakeholdersasaresultofcompanyrole,avoidingracialorsexualdiscrimination,avoidingconflictofinterest,complyingwithlawsandregulations,notusingorganization’spropertyforpersonaluse,andreportingillegalorquestionableactivity.Somecompanieshaveasimplecodewithlittledetail,andothershavelonglistsofrulesandregulationsregardingappropriateconduct.Thekeyisthatthecodeofconductmustfitwiththecorporateculture.
3. Simplyhavingacodeofconductdoesnotguaranteeethicalbehaviorbyemployees.Mostimportantistopmanagement’sethicalexampleanditssupportofthecodeofconduct.Acompany’sperformanceevaluationandrewardsystemmustbeconsistentwithitscodeofconduct.Ifunethicalactionsarerewarded,theywillbeencouragedeveniftheyviolatethecodeofconduct.
1-1 Internalmanagersandexternalpartiesuseaccountinginformation:
a. Internalreportingisusedbymanagersforplanningandcontrollingoperations,specialdecision-making,andlong-rangeplanning.
b. Externalreportingisusedbystockholders,investors,taxingauthorities,governmentregulators,andotherinterestedparties.
1-2 Theemphasisoffinancialaccountinghastraditionallybeenonthehistoricaldatapresentedintheexternalreports.Managementaccountingismorefuture-orientedandemphasizesplanning,control,anddecision-making.
1-3 Thebranchofaccountingdescribedinthequotationismanagementaccounting.
1-4 Scorekeepingistherecording(includingaccumulationandclassification)ofdataforalaterevaluationofperformance.Attentiondirectingisthereportingandinterpretationofinformationforthepurposeoffocusingoninefficienciesofoperation,opportunitiesforimprovement,andimperfectionsandoperatingproblems.Problemsolvingisanalysisofalternativecoursesofactiontoevaluatethebestcourseofaction.
1-5 No.GAAPappliestofinancialreportingforexternalusers.InternalaccountingreportsarenotrestrictedbyGAAP.
1-6 Yes,thoughtheactcoversmorethanforeignbribes.TheForeignCorruptPracticesActappliestoallpublicly-heldcompaniesandcoversthequalityofinternalaccountingcontrolandothermattersaswellasbribes.
1-7 ManymanagersbelievethatthecostsofapplyingtheprovisionsoftheSarbanes-Oxleyactaregreaterthenthebenefits.Thisisespeciallytrueaboutthemandatedauditingofcompanies’internalcontrolsystems.
1-8 Userscannoteasilyobservethequalityofaccountinginformation.Thus,theyrelyontheintegrityofaccountantstobesuretheinformationisaccurate.Ifaccountantsdonothaveareputationforintegrity,theinformationtheyproducewillnothavevaluetousers.
1-9 No.Theethicsdevelopedasastudentcarryoverintoone’sprofessionallife.Integrityisimportantatallstagesofdevelopment.Studentswhouseunethicalmeanstoachievesuccessarelikelytotr
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