高考英语 冲刺押题系列 阅读理解科普类 精品文档格式.docx
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高考英语 冲刺押题系列 阅读理解科普类 精品文档格式.docx
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Whydessertmakesushappy
Fatandsugarcausethebraintoletgoendorphins(内啡肽),whichsendpleasuresignalsthroughoutthebody.Thiswouldbefine,excepthumansarenotparticularlygoodatstoppingatonecookieorcake.
Youcanalsosatisfyyoursweettoothbychoosingfruitfordessert.
Timingyourmealsforenergy
Bloodsugardropsafterfourhoursofgoingwithoutfood,causingadecreaseinenergy.Eatingusuallyfixesthiswithin20to30minutes,butdon’tsupposethateatingmorewillcauseafasterincreaseinenergy.
Whenyoueathasasmuchofaneffectonyourmoodaswhatyoueat.Ifyouregularlygoforalongperiodoftimebetweenmeals,rethinkyourscheduleandplanahead.
(1)Theunderlinedphraseinthethirdparagraphmeans_________.
A.beextremelysmart
B.intendtocheatsomeone
C.bringaboutthedesiredresult
D.dosomethingtoamusepeople
(2)Thefunctionofproteinis_________.
A.tohelpyoukeepcalm-and-sleepy
B.tomakeyoufeelenergetic
C.toleadyoutoslowness
D.toincreaseserotonininyourbrain
(3)Wecaninferfromthelasttwopartsthat_________________.
A.fatandsugarcangreatlyhelppeoplefeelhappy
B.wehumanstendtoeatlotsofcookiesandcakes
C.themoreweeat,thefasterwewillgainenergy
D.whatweeatismoreimportantthanwhenweeat
(4)Themainideaofthepassageis____________.
A.eatingforabettermood
B.eatingtomakeyoucalm
C.eatingformoreprotein
D.eatingtomakeusstrong
2、(浙江省温州市2020年高三第一次适应性测试)
EverytimeBrisashoosforcookingoil,shechecksthelabeltomakesuresheisnotbuyinggenetically-modified(GM—转基因)soyoil."
IamnotsurewhetherGMfoodissafeornot.Itjustsoundsscaring."
saidBrisa,a47-year-oldfoodsafety-consciousConsumerwhoworksinahospitalasanaccountant."
Iprefernon-GMsoyoil,althoughitismoreexpensivethanGMoil."
WhiletherehasbeennoevidencetoshowGMfoodisharmfultohumans,argumentaboutithasarisenaftertheMinistryofAgriculturegavepermissiontotwopest-resistant(抗病虫的)GMricevarietiesandacomvarietyinNovemberlastyear—amajorstepinpromotingtheresearchand
plantingofGMcrops.
Officials,researchersandscientistsaredividedoverwhetherandwhenGMfoodshouldbeputintomarket.Supportersandopponents(反对者)havealsobeenfacingoffoverenvironmentalsafetyandeconomicsecurityissues.
Thegovernmenthasputfoodsecurityhighinitsnationaldevelopmentplans.Nationalgrainoutputreached531milliontonslastyear,governmentdatashowed.Butsummergrainoutputfellby0.3percentthisyearto123.1milliontonsbecauseofdroughtandlowtemperaturesingrain-producingregions.
Withallincreasingpopulationandinurenaturaldisasters.policymakersareeyeingtechnologyasasolutionandhopingdisease-resistantandhigh-yield(高产的)cropsdevelopedbyGMItechnologywillhelpsolvethegrowingproblemoffoodshortages.
SupportersofGMfoodbelievethatsuchcropswillhelpincreaseoutputandreducethepressureonfoodsupplycausedbydecreasingfarmlandsandfrequentnaturaldisastersintheworld.GMcropshavealsofewerinsectsanddiseases,whichmeanstheyaresaferforhumanbeingsandtheenvironment,theyargue.
However,opponentssayanyGMfood,asacompletelynewproduct.shouldbeabsolutelysafebeforeitismadeavailabletothepublic.Theyarguethatifinsectsdon’teatGMcrops,howcanyouexpectpeopletoeatthem?
In2006,countriesthatgrew97%oftheglobalGMcropsweretheUnitedStates(53%),Argentina(17%),Brazil(11%),Canada(6%),India(4%),China(3%),Paraguay(2%)andSouthAfrica(1%).ThenextdecadewillseegreatprogressinGMproductdevelopment.TechnologiesforGMfoodsofferdramaticpromiseformeetingsomeofthe21stCentury’sgreatestchallenges.Likeallnewtechnologies.theyalsohavesomerisks,bothknownandunknown.DebatessurroundingGMfoodsandcropscommonlyfocuson
humanandenvironmentalsafety,labelingandconsumerchoice,intellectualpropertyrights,foodsecurity,povertyreduction,andenvironmentalprotection.
(2)Theunderlinedphrase"
facingoff"
means________.
A.turningagainsteachother
B.supportingeachother
C.1pokingdownoneachother
D.suspectingeachother
(3)Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________.
A.GMcropshavenodiseases
B.foodshortageisabinthreat
C.GMcropsreducetheoutput
D.non-GMfoodsarenotsafe
(4)Thewriterwishesusto________.
A.acceptGMfoodshappily
B.rejectGMfoodsbravely
C.participateinthedebate
D.knowabouttheargument
【解析】转基因食品,是福还是祸?
在本文中,作者向我们详细介绍了转基因作物和食物方面的知识,从而让读者自己去探索转基因的是与非。
(1)B
事实细节题。
从文章第二段中的“argumentaboutithasarisenaftertheMinistryofAgriculturegavepermission...”可知,当农业部允许转基因作物种植后,人们便开始了对转基因食品可能的危害性的争论,所以答案选B项。
(2)A词义理解题。
从文章第三段内容可知官员、研究人员和科学家就转基因食物是否应该投入市场和什么时候投入市场这个问题产生分歧,同时支持者和反对者在环境安全和经济安全问题上也产生对峙,由此可知faceoff在文中表示“对峙,和……对抗”故选A项。
(3)B逻辑推理题。
从文章第五段内容可知随着人口的快速增长,自然灾害频繁发生,政策制定者希望转基因技术能生产出抗病的、高产的农作物以此来帮助解决食物短缺的问题。
由此可推知食物短缺是个大问题,据此选B项。
(4)D作者意图题。
从全文可知,作者告诉读者一些人们对转基因作物和食物的争论,但他自己却没阐述自己的观点,由此可知答案选D项。
3、(济南市2020届高三教学质量调研)
Parentsareoftenamazedathowfasttheirchildgrowsanddevelops.Newresearchhasdeterminedthattheabilitytoquantifydevelopmuchsoonerthanmostparentsrealize.
KristyvanMarle,professoroftheUniversityofMissouri,
hasdeterminedthatcontrarytowhatpreviousstudieshaveshown,infants(婴儿)areabletoquantifysubstances(物质)—likesandorwater—asearlyas10months.Aslongasthedifferencebetweenthetwosubstancesislargeenough,infantswillchoosethelargeramount,especiallywhenitcomestofood.
Withtheassistanceofherteamresearchers,
vanMarletestedthequantifyingskillsofbabiesbypresentingthemwithtwocups:
onecontainingasmallamountoffood,andonecontainingalargeramount.Consistently,thebabieschosethelargeramount.
"
Severalstudiesthroughoutthelast15yearshaveshownthatinfantsareverygoodattellinghowmanyobjectstheysee;
however,infantsdon’tseemtocountthingslikewaterorsand."
vanMarlesaid."
Whatwe’resayingisthattheycanquantifysubstances;
it’sjustmuchharder.Theinfantscanseehowmuchfoodgoesintoeachcupandcomparethatintheirmemories.Theydecidewhichamountislarger,andtheyalmostalwaysselectthelargerone."
Thisinformationfurtherrefutes(驳斥)thelong-heldideathatbabiesknownothingoftheworld."
vanMarlesaid.
Sincepsychologistshavebegunstudyinginfantswithsensitivemeasures.we’vediscovereda1otofearlyabilities.Ithinkforparents,itshouldbeexcitingtoknowthatthere’ssomebodyintherethathassomefundamentalandbasicknowledgeoftheworld,andthatknowledgeisguidingtheirdevelopment."
Inthefuture.vanMarlesaysthiskindofstudycouldbelinkedtoachild’sprogressinmath-relatedskills,althoughprogramsmarketedtoincreasethoseabilities.suchas"
BabyEinstein"
,stillhavemixedreviewswhenitcomestoacademicstudy.
(3)Babieschoosethelargeramountoffood_____________.
A.bysayingnumbers
B.withthehelpofparents
C.Onpersonalpreference
D.throughtheirnaturalabilities
(4)Wecanlearnfromthetextthat_____________.
A.someparentsdon’tcareabouttheirkids
B.peopleusedtothinktheworldisknowntobabies
C.littleresearchhasbeendoneoninfants
D.scholarshavedifferentopinionsonbaby-trainingprograms
(5)What’sthebesttitleofthetext?
A.BreakthroughinBabyStudies
B.AmazingBaby-trainingIdeas
C.EarlyHumanAbilities
D.UniqueQuantifyingMethods
【解析】新的研究发现婴儿具有很强的数量概念,他们几乎总是本能地选择数量较多的物体,尤其在食物方面,这种突破性科学发现有力地驳斥了长期以来认为婴儿对世界一无所知的观点。
(1)C推理判断题。
由文章内容可知,婴儿几乎总是挑选数量多的物体,由此可推断这种能力指的是区分物体数量的能力。
(2)B段落大意题。
第四段介绍的是耗时15年的几个研究的科学发现,故选B项。
(3)D推理判断题。
文章倒数第二段提到婴儿具有认知世界的一些基本知识.由此可推断他们选择数量比较多的食物是本能的体现。
(4)D细节理解题。
根据最后一段后半部分中的内容可知学者们就婴儿培训计划存在分歧。
(5)A标题概括题。
新的研究发现婴儿具有数量意识,从而驳斥了长期以来认为他们对世界一无所知的观点,显然是婴儿研究方面的突破。
4、(2020年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考)
LookingbackonChina’sroadtoouterspace,peoplecaneasilyfindithasnotbeenverysmooth.Inthepastyears,Chinesepeoplehavemadehardanddeterminedeffortstorealizethedreamtheirancestorshadforthousandsofyears.
AfterChina’sfirstsatelliteintotheEarth’sorbitin1970camefourflightsofunmannedShenzhoumissionsfrom1999to2002.Thecountrycarriedoutitsfirstone-pilotedspaceflightin0ctober,2003,makingChinathethirdcountryintheworldtohaveindependenthumanspaceflightabilityaftertheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStates.Thencameanotherbreakthrough
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