Unit12 why people work分析.docx
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Unit12 why people work分析.docx
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Unit12whypeoplework分析
Unit12WhyPeopleWork
Ⅰ.TeachingAim
1.Studentswillbeabletoknowwhatdoesworkmeantothem
2.Learnthevalueofwork
3.Helpthestudentsgraspthemainidea
4.Todevelopthestudentsawarenessoflovingwork
Whatcanworkprovideus?
Itisreportedrecentlythatsomegraduatinguniversityschoolgirlsapplyfor“full-timehousewifetoarichman”sinceitismoreandmoredifficulttofindadecentjob.
Whatdoyouthinkofthisphenomenon?
Doyouwanttobecomeafull-timehousewifeorworkoutside?
Materialthingoflife
Happiness
Contentment
Prideinaccomplishment
Self-actualization
⑴AbouttheAuthor:
LeonardR.Sayles
Dr.LeonardR.SaylesreceivedhisdoctoratefromMITinIndustrialEconomics.HehasbeenaprofessorattheColumbiaUniversityGraduateSchoolofBusinessforfourdecades.
Inaseriesofresearchprojectsandbooks,hehelpedtransformconventionalviewsofbusinessleadership.Hiswidely-citedleadershipstudieswonanumberofnationalawardsinAmerica,andmanywererepublishedinEurope,LatinAmerica,andAsia.
HeadvisedtheheadofNASAinitsformativeyearsandpublishedamajorstudyofitsmanagementmethodssponsoredbytheNationalAcademyofScience.HealsohasbeenaconsultanttomajorAmericancorporations.
Warmingup
2somefamouspeople’sattitudestowardworking
a.Itisnousedoingwhatyoulike;youhavegottolikewhatyoudo.----WinstonChurchill,Britishprimeminister
b.Idonotlikework-nomandoes-butIlikewhatisinthework-thechancetofindyourself.
----ConradJoseph,Britishnovelist
c.Whenworkisapleasure,lifeisjoy!
Whenworkisduty,lifeisslavery.----MaximGorky,Russianwriter
d.Workbanishesthosethreegreatevils:
boredom,vice,andpoverty.----Voltaire,Frenchphilosopher
(2)While-readingtasks
Aboutthepassage:
Partone:
TheDevelopmentofWork
1)AncientGreek
Atthattimeworkwasrestrictedtoslavesandtothosefewfreecitizenswhohadnotyetaccumulatedadequateindependentresources.The"real"citizensofGreece-whomPlatoandotherstalkedabout-expectedtospendtheirtimeinfreediscussionandcontemplation.
Slavesinancienttimes
Platoandhisstudentsarediscussingandcontemplating
Thentellthestudentssomeinterestingstoriesaboutthattime.
2)TheMiddleAges
workwasthoughtofasapunishmentforthesinsofman.
3)Historically,workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsin,compulsionandpunishment.
4)Nowadays
Workistheopportunitytorealizeone'spotential.
Instance:
Manypsychiatristsheadingmentalhealthclinicshaveobserveditstherapeuticeffect.
(3)While-readingtasks
Aboutthepassage:
Parttwo:
WhyWorkBeImportanttohumansatisfaction
1)PrideinAccomplishment
Thehumanbeingcravesasenseofbeingaccomplished,ofbeingabletodothings,withhishand,withhismind,withhiswill.
e.g.
a.craftsman(carpenterorbricklayerordie-maker)
Theystandasideandadmiretheproductofhispersonalskill.
b.engineers
Theyreceivedasubstantialpersonalpayofffromtheireffortsintheknowledgethattheycouldtackletough,almostinsurmountableproblems,yetovercomethem.
c.simplejobs(Cleaningmenandjanitors)
Theirjoblooksuncomplicated,therearecountlesssubtletiesoneneedstoknow.
Tips:
●We'reoftenmisledbythegripesandcomplaintssurroundingdifficultwork.(wrong)
Grousingisjustpartofworking.(correct)
●Peopleshouldtostoreupenergy,torestandsavethemselvesasmuchaspossible.(wrong)
Energyexpenditureissatisfying.(correct)
2)Espritdecorps
Aspectone:
Thesenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupthatbothoutsidersandinsidersrecognizecanhandleitselfwithextremevirtuosityisoneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworldofwork.
e.g.
a.military
Themenwillmakeenormoussacrificestohelptheirbuddiesandtheyhavedevelopedstrongloyalties.
b.athlete
Peoplecancongratulateeachother.Inasensesuccessbreedssuccess;thesuccessfulgroupbecomesmoreunified.
Aspecttwo:
Relationshipsamongpeopleatworktendtobesimple.
a.Humanrelationsatworkareeasier,theyaremoreregularandpredictableandthussimplertoadjustto.
b.Theworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearnhowtoadjusttooneanother
ExplainImportantWords
tarnish
VERBIfyousaythatsomethingtarnishessomeone'sreputationorimage,youmeanthatitcausespeopletohaveaworseopinionofthemthantheywouldotherwisehavehad.玷污,败坏,损害(名誉或形象)
Theaffaircouldtarnishthereputationoftheprimeminister...
这一事件可能有损首相的名誉。
a.It'snotdifficulttounderstandthetarnishedreputation.Historically,workhasbeenassociatedwithslaveryandsin,compulsionandpunishment.
(因此工作受到贬低这一点就不难理解。
历史上,工作一直同奴役、罪孽、强制和惩罚联系在一起。
)
backdrop
N-COUNTThebackdroptoaneventisthegeneralsituationinwhichithappens.(事件的)背景
TheWorldWarⅡprovidedthebackdropforthefilm.
这部影片以二战为背景。
Therapeutic英[ˌθerə'pju:
tɪk]美[ˌθɛrəˈpjutɪk]
ADJ-GRADEDIfsomethingistherapeutic,ithelpsyoutorelaxortofeelbetteraboutthings,especiallyaboutasituationthatmadeyouunhappy.使人放松的;能解郁安神的
WhenIwassad,musichadatherapeuticeffect.
我悲伤的时候,音乐有安神的效果。
ADJTherapeutictreatmentisdesignedtotreatanillnessortoimproveaperson'shealth,ratherthantopreventanillness.治疗性的;有助于治疗的
thetherapeuticpropertiesofherbs
草药的医疗效用
languish
VERBIfsomeonelanguishessomewhere,theyareforcedtoremainandsufferinanunpleasantsituation.(被迫)受苦,受折磨
Nooneknowsforcertainhowmanyrefugeeswandertheworldtoday,orlanguishincampswithoutapermanentplaceofsettlement.
无人清楚如今有多少难民在到处流浪,或有多少人流离失所,在难民营里受苦
debilitate英[dɪ'bɪlɪteɪt]美[dɪˈbɪlɪˌtet]
VERBIfyouaredebilitatedbysomethingsuchasanillness,itcausesyourbodyormindtobecomegraduallyweaker.使虚弱;使衰弱
psychosomatic英[ˌsaɪkəʊsəˈmætɪk]美[ˌsaɪkosoˈmætɪk]
Ifsomeonehasapsychosomaticillness,theirsymptomsarecausedbyworryorunhappinessratherthanbyaphysicalproblem.由心理负担导致的;由精神压力引起的
PsychosomaticmedicineisnaturallyconnectedwithTraditionalChineseMedicine.
心身医学与中医学有着天然的联系
die-maker模具制造师
N-COUNTAstretchoftimeisaperiodoftime.一段时间
HewasfluentinFrench,havingspentstretchesoftimeinSouthernFrance.
他曾在法国南部呆过一段时间,法语流利。
Atastretch:
inonecontinuousperiod.
e.g.Ioftenhadtoworkforovertwentyhoursatonestretch.
b.We'vewatchedprogrammersandengineersworkfifteenandeighteenhoursatastretch,sevendaysaweek,whenajobreallygottoughandtheyknewthatacrucialdeadlinehadtobemet,orwhenamajorprojectwouldfallunlesssometoughproblemsweresolved.
(我们还观察到,有时程序设计师和工程师会在工作中遇到很大困难,而工作必须如期完成,而有时一项大的工程面临着流产,除非他们能解决某个棘手的问题,这时他们就会连续工作15到18个小时,每周工作7天。
)
ADJAproblemthatisinsurmountableissogreatthatitcannotbedealtwithsuccessfully.无法解决的;难以克服的;不可逾越的
Thecrisisdoesn'tseemlikeaninsurmountableproblem.
这次危机似乎并不难以克服。
c.Theyenjoyed"makingit,"-winningdespitedifficultodds;provingtheircapacitiesagainsttheoutsiders:
nature,acompetitor,acomplexproblem;masteringsomethingneweveryday.
(他们喜欢“成功”的感觉——克服巨大的困难而胜利;证明自己应付外界(自然、竞争对手、或一个复杂的问题)的能力;每天都掌握新的东西。
)
Makeit:
succeedinsomething,becomesuccessful.
e.g.Hewaitedconfidentlyforhisbandtomakeit.
janitor
N-COUNTAjanitorisapersonwhosejobistolookafterabuilding(建筑物的)管理人,看管人,门房
subtleties
N-COUNTSubtletiesareverysmalldetailsordifferenceswhicharenotobvious.细微差别;微妙之处
Whenabookgoesintotranslation,allthoselinguisticsubtletiesgetlost.
当一部书被翻译成另一种语言后,所有那些语言上的精妙之处就都丢失了。
gripe
VERBIfyousaythatsomeoneisgriping,youmeantheyareannoyingyoubecausetheykeeponcomplainingaboutsomething.抱怨;发牢骚
Theywerealwaysgripingabouthighprices.
他们总是抱怨物价太高。
grouse
VERBIfyougrouse,youcomplain.抱怨;发牢骚
Ifyoudon'tagreewithme,pleaseforgetmygrouse.
如果你的看法不同,请不必介意我的牢骚之言。
来自辞典例句
welterofsomethingisalargequantityofitwhichoccurssuddenlyorinaconfusingway.杂乱的一堆
Thewelterofpublicityfollowedhisengagement.
他上任后的一堆杂乱的宣传活动
PHRASEIfsomethinghappensinspurts,thereareperiodsofactivityfollowedbyperiodsinwhichitdoesnothappen.时有时无;一阵一阵地
virtuosity英[ˌvɜ:
tʃʊ'ɒsətɪ]美[ˌvə:
tʃuˈɑsɪti]
N-UNCOUNTThevirtuosityofsomeonesuchasanartistorsportsplayeristheirgreatskill.(艺术家、运动员等的)精湛技艺,高超技巧
d.Andthissenseofbelongingtoanaccomplishedworkgroupthatbothoutsidersandinsidersrecognizecanhandleitselfwithextremevirtuosityisoneofthedistinctivesatisfactionsoftheworldofwork.
(一个成功的团体技术精湛,成绩卓著,得到了团体内外的认可。
而归属于这样一个成功团体的感觉就构成了现实工作中的一种特殊的满足感。
)
ADJ-GRADEDIfyousaythatsomeoneisinept,youarecriticizingthembecausetheydosomethingwithacompletelackofskill.无能的;笨拙的
Hewasineptandlackedtheintelligencetogovern...
他没有什么能力,缺乏管理才干。
Youarecompletelyineptatwriting.
你完全拙于写作。
sporadic英[spəˈrædɪk]美[spəˈrædɪk,spɔ-]
ADJ-GRADEDSporadicoccurrencesofsomethinghappenatirregularintervals.间断发生的;零星的
Herattendanceatschoolwassporadic.
她三天两头旷课
Worksomethingoff:
reduceorgetridofsomething消除,去除
e.Andtheworkgroupalsogentlypressuresitsmemberstolearnhowtoadjusttooneanothersothatthe"roughedges"areworkedoffbecausepeopleknowtheymustdocertainthingswithandthroughoneanothereachday.
(而且团队也对每个成员有一些压力,使得他们学会相互适应,磨掉各自的“棱角”,因为他们知道自己每天都必须与他人协作并通过相互的努力来完成工作。
)
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